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In spite of its impressive systematic unity, the market and price theory is in danger of internal contradictions which the author calls the "Paradox of the competitive price formation". Up to now no definition says what competition is, but merely describes under what conditions is exists and which are its consequences. This point is stressed by means of a dogmatic retrospective view. Competition is not a characteristic feature of one market form, but is the fundamental phenomenon of any economy, as long as it is a process; as an organization form of market process competition is, on the contrary, essentially a creature of government. In connection with the theory of economic behavior, competition can be determined as the possibility of alternatives between which the market participants can freely choose. But competition as a behavior can be active only in a state of desequilibrium, whereas in a state of equilibrium it is, per definitionem, in repose. This obviously unsatisfactory result in being analyzed from the point of view of the monopolistic theory, economic history and sociology and confronted with the theory of costs and the theory of games. Finally the author advises to leave economics open to all methods by means of the synthesis of deductive-theoretical and sociologic-historical research, instead of adjusting it simply to the mathematical theory, as in the case of mere functional analysis and model constructions there is no other way than to substitute one abstraction for an other. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

The argentine economic development in Manuel Belgrano`s Thought: The author introduces us in his study by giving a short account of the variations political economy in the course of the last quarter of the century. It is important to note that the first part of this article explains the nature of economic development as well as the influence exercised by long run movements. Manuel Belgrano one of our first economists, has left us in his "Memories" the "first ideas for a theory of Argentine economic development" as he was intellectually one century ahead of his contemporaries. According to Manuel Belgrano "economic development is part of the socio-cultural development; economic development is an harmonic process; economic development is concordant with free market economy". Estevan Echeverria, fore runner of solidaristic economic theories: His christian universalism as well as his adhesion to the "theory of perfectibility" did not impede Echeverria to agree at the same time with the dogma of "human rights", mainstay of nationalistic philosophy. It is on the basis of the solidarity law that he establishes his social philosophy, which later was adopted by the majority of western economists and politicians. Among the natural human rights Echeverria considers the property right and sustains that it should be adapted to social necessities and interests. He sees in the economic development the principal element for the achievement of the supreme law of progress which in turns is conditioned by the time factor, avoiding class struggles. Completely independent from H. V. Thünen. Echeverria reaches the same conclusions and establishes the tax system upon the principle of location advantages. Between the two extreme concepts – individual and humanity – he intercalates the idea of nationality becoming thus the fore runner of the "national school of Argentine political economy". Although he is a defender of economic freedom, he nevertheless admits state interventions, providing they are aimed to increase social welfare, the production of national wealth and the moral intellectual and physical improvement of the numerous poor classes. Silvio Gesell: The author describes Gesell's life since he settled in Argentina where he devoted himself to his business, being specially attracted by the analysis of economic and social problems. After a through examination of Gesell's writing, the author explains his economic theory which is intimately connected with his social doctrine, and describes the gesellian and post-gesellian movement. The thinks that the attitude of absolute reserve which economists maintained during almost thirty years with regard to Gesell and his teaching was not so much due to his caustic and offensive spirit, as to the fact that he had the presumption to solve the most difficult economic problem which ever faced noted scholars: the problem of interest. His perseverance as well as that of his disciples, particularly Theophil Cristen, forced the economists to break the silence, thus giving origin to a series of monographics in which critical analysis are made with ever increasing objectivity and depth. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

López, V. (1946). Economy and legislation. Production crisis. Experimental cinema. (8): 89-90. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42714. ; 89 90 8 ; López, V. (1946). Economy and legislation. Production crisis. Experimental cinema. (8): 89-90. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42714. ; Importación Masiva ; López, V. (1946). Economy and legislation. Production crisis. Experimental cinema. (8): 89-90. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42714. ; López, V. (1946). Economía y legislación. Crisis de producción. Cine experimental. (8):89-90. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42714.

Each great economic transformation produces in the national economic equally great changes in its juridical and political elements. The evolution of the economic transformation can be influenced by means to intervention systems. The direction and extent of the intervention should not be determined by foreign models but must be consistent with the national reality. As for he eventual international effects of interventions, it should be remembered that both the theory and practice of free trade were the product of given historical circumstances. The international desequilibrium of 1929-32 has caused a break in the free trade mechanism and makes its re introduction extremely difficult. The interventionism which is being described seeks to free mankind from oppression. There are theoretical and practical contributions to this effect, as well as a reconsideration of the economic assumptions which justify its introduction. The faculties to guide the economy should reach the soul of capitalism, i.e. the technology. The public authorities will have to direct the selection of technical innovations and dictate the corresponding regulations, placing thus the machine at the service of man. ; Artículo póstumo publicado en la revista Universidad de San Carlos , Guatemala, 1956, t. XXXVII, p. 75-106. ; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

To assure its stability the western World requires a doctrinarian and historical reconsideration of its socio-economic institutions. A possibility would be to amplify the power of administration to direct economic life within a democratic institutional framework. The realization of this possibility is hindered by the class struggles and the capitalistic forces. The first obstacle could be neutralized by means of doctrinarian and constitutional State interventions. As for the second, a transformation can be observed both in its ideological aspects and its material structure, caused by internal and external impulses. The profit principle is being replaced by the security idea and the impersonalization of enterprise converts management in wage earners which, fearing competition sign interenterpreneurial agreements. In order to overcome these obstacles and facing the danger of possible accumulation, stagnation and destruction of economic activity, the State intervention is fully justified. Although the classical economics keeps itself aloof from any ethical value judgment the mere fact that it is based on a free profit economy makes that its alleged neutrality must be taken with serious reservations. The theory must not only interpret reality but must also create the necessary tools for directing economic life, as its aims are evidently social. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas