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The book describes the evolution of economic theory, considering historical, political and scientific perspectives. It discusses economic concepts and the formation of economics as a discipline since the feudal system, passing through the formation of the State, until the present. The main economic concepts are presented, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, privatization, taxes, tariffs, the concept of currencies, stock markets, international transactions, and economic policies. The book contains a complete glossary of economic terms to help the reader.

This book introduces economic theory by concentrating on some of the most important matters with which theory deals. Beginning by developing the general criteria of efficiency in the allocation of resources between alternative uses, the book then illustrates how efficient allocation can be promoted directly, by state planning, or indirectly by private enterprise. An analysis of the working of business competition in both its free and restricted forms follows, and analysis of the determination of the general levels of production employment and prices is also included

Front Cover -- Economic Theory -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Presentation -- Preface -- List of Figures -- 1 The Universe of Economics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The World of Economics -- 1.3 The Economic Universe -- 1.4 The Density of Wealth -- 1.5 Singularities in Communications -- 1.6 Singular Wealth -- 1.7 In the End it will be Chaos -- 1.8 When Light Bowed to Ceará -- 2 History of the Economic Formation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Ancient Feudal System and the Formation of the State -- 2.3 The End of the Feudal System and the Start of Democracy -- 2.4 The Development of the Post Feudal Economy -- 2.5 The Current Feudal System -- 2.6 About Tulips and Virtual Currency -- 3 On Capitalism -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Capitalism for Beginners -- 3.3 Economic Determinism and Wealth and Income Distribution -- 3.4 Virtual Companies Exploit the Real Work of Users -- 3.5 Virtual Companies Violate Classic Economics -- 3.6 How the Money of Private Companies Leave the Country -- 3.7 Corruption is Endemic in the Private -- 3.8 Tricks for Avoiding Taxes -- 4 The Main Concepts in Economics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Definitions Associated with Economics -- 4.2.1 Macroeconomics -- 4.2.2 Microeconomics -- 4.2.3 Econometrics -- 4.3 Activities of Economic Nature -- 4.4 Economic Conditions -- 4.5 Economic Sectors -- 4.6 Utility and Value -- 4.7 Productive Economic Activity -- 5 Basic Mathematical Analysis -- 5.1 Basic Concepts in Economy -- 5.2 Demand Curves -- 5.3 Supply Curves -- 5.4 Average and Marginal Costs -- 5.5 Market Equilibrium -- 5.6 Simple and Compound Interests -- 5.7 Income Distribution -- 5.8 Consumption and Savings -- 5.9 Model for the Future Price of Stock -- 6 Microeconomics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Concept of Microeconomics -- 6.2.1 The Consumer and the Demand Curve -- 6.2.2 The Company and the Supply Curve.

Essays in Economic Theory, first published in 1983, combines two essays on game theory and its applications in economics. The first, ""Learning Behavior and the Noncooperative Equilibrium"", considers whether an adaptive justification, like those commonly available for the optimization models frequently employed elsewhere in economics, can be found for the Nash noncooperative equilibrium. The second essay, ""A Game of Fair Division"", was motivated by the desire to find attractive methods for solving allocation problems and bargaining disputes that are simple enough to provide useful alternatives

This book brings together in a single coherent framework a research programme begun by the author in the forties. The main model around which the analysis is built is Hicksian in character, having been drawn in large part from John Hicks's Value and Capital. The model is extended so as to include money and securities. In respect of the theory of the firm the model focuses on demand and supply plans, on inputs and outputs, on inventories, and on dependencies between them. The stability of temporary equilibrium is discussed for linear and non-linear cases. Because the concept of structural stability is important for understanding non-linear cases, it is defined and applied to the case of economic motion generated from the temporary equilibrium analysis. The addenda focus on developments in economic theory following the publication of the main model

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- An Introduction on Method and Scope -- Part One: Formalization of Expectations -- 1 The Nature of Expectations -- 1.1 Expecting, Forecasting, and Programming -- 1.2 The Evidence and the Individual -- 1.3 The Prospect -- 1.4 The Subject of Expectations -- 1.5 The Time Dimension -- 1.6 Consistency, Clarification, and Revision -- 1.7 Strategies and Pay-offs -- 2 Logical Relations in Expectations -- 2.1 Deductive Relations and the Degree of Confirmation -- 2.2 Classical Probability and the Principle of Insufficient Reason -- 2.3 The Frequency-Distribution Interpretation -- 2.4 Frequency Distribution and the Classical Probability Aleasure -- 2.5 Consistency of Probability Weights -- 2.6 Adjustment of Probability Weights -- 3 Subjective Factors in Expectations -- 3.1 Perception in Expectations -- 3.2 Formalization of Expectations by Introspection -- 3.3 The Gambling Operation -- 3.4 The Operation of Indifference -- 3.5 Potential Surprise

This book attempts to explain what exactly "Economics" is and whether or not the theories it espouses actually work in the real world. It addresses how it is taught in colleges across the United States and the world, how it is deeply flawed and what the future holds for economies around the world, especially in the context of mega-banks that impact Main Street more now than they did in the past. This book will explore how derivatives have swarmed the balance sheets of banks and how governments throughout the "free world" have guaranteed private profits for banks, but have socialized losses for these same banks, impacting the taxpayer, and putting the economy at increased risk as volatility and leverage increase over time.