Economists tend to designate as normative economics that part of the theory which, according to the theorems of welfare or efficiency, create the foundation of political economy. This article defends two theses: first, that the normative is not only a part of economic theory, but also the method of building the positive economic ideas in the currently dominant neoclassical theory. This method allows that theory to claim to unify economic thought, eliminating the possibility and the necessity for alternative approaches. Nevertheless, and this is the second thesis, there are no legitimate theoretical reasons to accept this methnodology; thus it is impera tive to build a new basic theory. ; Los economistas suelen designar como economía normativa aquella parte de la teoría que, de acuerdo con los teoremas de bienestar o de la eficiencia, crea el fundamento de la política económica. Este artículo defiende dos tesis: primera, que lo normativo no sólo es una parte de la teoría económica sino, también, el método de construcción de las ideas economicas positivas de la teoría neoclásica hoy dominante. Este método permite que esta teoría pretenda unificar el pensamiento económico eliminando la posiilidad y la necesidad de enfoques alternativos. Sin embargo, y ésta la segunda tesis, no hay razones teóricas legítimas para aceptar esa metodología; de modo que es imperioso construir una nueva teoría básica.
The paper essay deals with broad issues in dealing with the historical and contemporary development of academic disciplines in the social sciences. lt draws a distinction between economics and the other "social sciences". The argument is based on the use of such categories as alienation and fetishism.lt involves a historical review to gauge the influence on economics of the mechanistic paradigm of the Newtonian revolution, as well as the transformation of political economy into economic theory. The paper deals with the concepts of alienation and fetishism in Marx, befare discussing theissues of 'eternización' and 'colonización'. ; El ensayo se inscribe en la temática más amplia de los procesos históricos y contemporáneos de constitución de disciplinas académicas en las ciencias sociales. Nuestra reflexión parte desde la economía hacia el conjunto de las "ciencias sociales". La argumentación descansa en la utilización de las categorías de alienación y fetichismo.Se hace un recorrido histórico para apreciar influencia sobre la economía del paradigma mecanicista de la revolución newtoniana, así como la transformación de la economía política en teoría económica. Se abordan las categorías de alienación y fetichismo en el pensamiento de Marx, sobre la base de lo cual discutimos las cuestiones de la ''eternización" y la "colonización".
The paper essay deals with broad issues in dealing with the historical and contemporary development of academic disciplines in the social sciences. lt draws a distinction between economics and the other "social sciences". The argument is based on the use of such categories as alienation and fetishism.lt involves a historical review to gauge the influence on economics of the mechanistic paradigm of the Newtonian revolution, as well as the transformation of political economy into economic theory. The paper deals with the concepts of alienation and fetishism in Marx, befare discussing theissues of 'eternización' and 'colonización'. ; El ensayo se inscribe en la temática más amplia de los procesos históricos y contemporáneos de constitución de disciplinas académicas en las ciencias sociales. Nuestra reflexión parte desde la economía hacia el conjunto de las "ciencias sociales". La argumentación descansa en la utilización de las categorías de alienación y fetichismo.Se hace un recorrido histórico para apreciar influencia sobre la economía del paradigma mecanicista de la revolución newtoniana, así como la transformación de la economía política en teoría económica. Se abordan las categorías de alienación y fetichismo en el pensamiento de Marx, sobre la base de lo cual discutimos las cuestiones de la ''eternización" y la "colonización".
RESUMEN: El Estado, a pesar de ser un tema por excelencia de la política, ha sido abordado de manera permanente por la economía desde su nacimiento hasta sus teorías contemporáneas. Este texto presenta los aportes que la doctrina mercantilista y liberalista económica le dieron a la formación y constitución del Estado nación. La primera doctrina fue fundamental en su surgimiento y consolidación, aunque lo profundizó tanto que le dio la forma de Estado absolutista: la segunda lo limitó y perfiló, dándole al Estado nación la forma que aun hoy es vigente. ; ABSTRACT: The state, even though it has been treated as a political subject, it has also been related to economic matters since the moment it started until the comtemporary theories. This article presents the contribution that the mercantilist and liberalist doctrine gave to the formation and constitution that the Nation-State. The first doctrine above was fundamental in its development and consolidation, even though it turned it to an absolutist state; the second one gave the limits and improved it by turning it to the Nation-state that is still valid.
Economic theories are often contrasted at times in whole or in large part, simply because one does not know one issue as problematic that the other considers essential. Unknown. It's like it doesn't exist in the analysis that one performs. That is why there is not agreement, let alone whether the ideology that underpins one and the other is an opposing and anachronistic thought fund. How then methodologically interpret those theories whose light of scientificity starts with the rise of capitalism? This question can perhaps be satisfied in this work as long as our methodological hypothesis is affirmed on a current reality. It is inspired by those societies abandoned by their thinkers, their philosophers and poets, frustrated and defeated by upstart policies, or because these policies directly respond to poorly educated drivers who, in turn, sail in polluted seas. The objective of this work is to analyze those theories that illustrated economic thinking from the dawn of capitalism when political economy appears, a discipline that would then nurture the concept of public policies (post-capitalism of the World Wars) when the rise of a giant power-states or the political spectrum. And the eyes turned to the economy as a longed-for response as poverty developed progressive forms that weakened and questioned the system. As a problem. To this end, three problematic issues knotted with theoretical concepts that took effect in the current economic discussions will be addressed, in the eyes of three thinkers: freedom of choice from personal and education as essential capacity (Amartya Sen); potentiality (dunamin in Greek) towards economic well-being, where ethics is political value. (Aristoteles, in Schumpeter's performance); and virtue, as a concept of beauty that refers to the usefulness of things and acts, as value of use and value-work. Smith) ; Las teorías económicas suelen contraponerse a veces en su totalidad o en gran parte, simplemente porque una desconoce una cuestión como problemática que la otra considera esencial. Desconoce. Es como no existir en el análisis que realiza. Por eso no hay acuerdo y menos si la ideología que sustenta a una y otra es un fondo de pensamiento opuesto y anacrónico. ¿Cómo interpretar entonces metodológicamente aquellas teorías cuyo halo de cientificidad surge en los comienzos mismos del capitalismo? Este interrogante quizás pueda satisfacerse siempre y cuando nuestra hipótesis metodológica se afirme sobre una realidad actual. La misma se inspira en aquellas sociedades abandonadas por sus pensadores, sus filósofos y poetas, frustrados y derrotados por políticas advenedizas, o porque directamente, esas políticas responden a conductores poco instruidos que, a su vez, navegan en mares contaminados. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar aquellas teorías que ilustraron el pensamiento económico desde los albores del capitalismo cuando aparece la economía política, disciplina que iría a nutrir luego el concepto de políticas públicas (poscapitalismo de las Guerras Mundiales) cuando el surgimiento de los estados-potencia agigantó el espectro político. Y las miradas se volvieron sobre la economía a medida que la pobreza desarrollaba formas progresivas que debilitaban y cuestionaban el sistema. Y la palabra sustentabilidad se convirtió en problema. Con este propósito se abordarán tres cuestiones problemáticas anudadas con conceptos teóricos que tomaron vigencia en los debates económicos actuales, en la mirada de tres pensadores: la libertad de elección desde lo personal y la educación como capacidad esencial (Amartya Sen); la potencialidad (dunamin en griego) hacia el bienestar económico, donde la ética es el valor político. (Aristóteles, en la interpretación de Schumpeter); y la virtud, concepto de belleza que refiere a la utilidad de las cosas y actos, como valor de uso y valor-trabajo. (Adam Smith)
This work statistically analyzes the significance of the variable or social dimension called "Productivism vs. degrowth". First, we build the operational definition of the variable from the work of authors who have contributed to Degrowth theory. Next, for the statistical analysis we use data from the World Values Survey (wave 6, 2010-14) and data from the Human Development Report (UNDP, 2014). This allows us also to compare results on Productivism vs. degrowth with Materialism vs. Posmaterialism dimensions. The results show that the variable "Productivism vs. Degrowth" is independent from other traditional classifications that distinguish between "left vs. right ideology" or between "materialism vs. postmaterialism". In discussing this result, we notice that a deep change in the value systems of more advanced societies is taking place. ; El presente trabajo analiza estadísticamente el significado de la variable o dimensión social que denominamos Productivismo vs. Decrecentísmo. Construimos su definición operativa a partir del trabajo de los autores que han contribuido a la teoría del decrecimiento. Y para el análisis estadístico de utilizan los datos de la sexta oleada de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (2010-14) y los datos del informe sobre desarrollo humano (PNUD, 2014). Lo cual permite también establecer comparación con la dimensión Materialismo vs. Postmaterialismo . Los resultados muestran que los posicionamientos sociales respecto al Productivismo vs. Decrecentismo son independientes de las otras tradicionales clasificaciones que distinguen entre izquierda y derecha o entre materialismo-postmaterialismo. En discusión de este resultado destacamos el cambio en los sistemas de valores que afecta transversalmente a las sociedades avanzadas.
Abstract: In the article, the concept of scientific paradigm proposed by Thomas Kuhn is associated with the developments of the main rational models of economic behavior's explanation within the framework of the General Equilibria perspective. Immediately, an analysis is made of the main hegemonic theoretical streams of the Economy, identifying them as an epistemological dynamics itself; so that, as Kuhnian paradigms, they undergo transformations due to the concrete facts and hegemonistic dynamics of the different groups of researchers and their ideological perspectives. This is intended to make clear the social nature of economic science and the influence of political-ideological factors on it and its economic policies proposals.
ood is a basic requirement for living things. This study aims to analyze the effects of economic infrastructure, social infrastructure and household characteristics on food security in Indonesia using the Johnsson and Toole (1991) methods. There were 285,908 households studied originating from the 2015 SUSENAS data. The model used in this study was the general ordered logistics model. Based on the results of the study there were 29.51% of food security, 25.12% of vulnerable food, 23.14% of food shortages and 22.33% of households at food insecurity. The results of this study also revealed that ownership of transportation modes, electricity use, fuel use, education of household heads and household health insurance significantly affected food security. The government program in the form of giving poor rice (RASKIN) provides poor results reducing the chance of food security by 11% and increasing the chances of food insecurity by 6%.
Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.
Studying the factors of national economic growth stabilization is especially topical and relevant under the conditions of growing economic interdependence of the states which objectively limits the regulatory functions of national governments, in parallel to which regionalization gradually establishes oneself as an alter-trend to globalism. In our research we stem from the analysis of the macroeconomic statistics and of the dynamics of economic progress in the selected countries of the world, so that to determine the correlation between the indicators of economic growth stability for a selected group of countries with their integration into the world markets. Conclusions of our analysis outline the regularities in stable economic growth strategies' implementation along with the key factors contributing to economic stabilization under contemporary conditions. The important role of geography is emphasized, inter alia, since geography is the key precondition for development and implementation of the long-term strategies of economic progress for world regions.
Given the limitations of traditional economic theory in its generalizations, some economists are searching new analytical frameworks to analyze social reality. Following the proposal of Jürgen Schuldt to integrate economics with political sociology, this article offers the first suggestions to achieve this synthesis. ; Ante las limitaciones de la teoría económica tradicional en sus generalizaciones, algunos economistas buscan nuevos marcos analíticos para analizar la realidad social. Ante la propuesta de Jürgen Schuldt de integrar la economía con la sociología política, este artículo ofrece unas primeras sugerencias para lograr esa síntesis.
This paper takes a general approach to the philosophy of Francisco Suarez in order to show the importance of his contributions to the configuration of modern economics. Indeed many consider Suárez to be the main channel through which Duns Scotus and William of Ockham´s philosophy was transmitted to modern thought. Although not intentionally, Suárez's effort to end the political problems of the sixteenth century, based on the idea of "pure nature", led to a secular conception of the world, which resulted in a rationalist and static conception of law with important consequences in shaping the new social and political order. Herein, we contrast this original approach with that of Thomas Aquinas, who we consider the leading exponent of the classical paradigm, to demonstrate the influence Suárez had on the genesis of modern economic theory. ; El presente artículo realiza una aproximación general a la filosofía de Francisco Suárez, considerado por muchos el canal principal a través del cual se transmitió al pensamiento moderno la filosofía de Escoto y Ockham, con el objeto de mostrar la relevancia de sus aportaciones para la configuración de la economía moderna. El esfuerzo de Suárez para poner fin a los problemas políticos del siglo XVI, fundamentado en la idea de "naturaleza pura", propició – aunque no intencionalmente– un enfoque secular, dando lugar a una concepción racionalista y estática de la ley, con importantes consecuencias en la configuración del nuevo orden social y político. Contrastando de manera sintética y general este original enfoque con el de Tomás de Aquino, al que consideramos el principal exponente del paradigma clásico, pretendemos mostrar su influencia en la génesis de la teoría económica moderna.
Por medio de un análisis crítico e comparativo de los tratados sobre lógica (The Principles of Science) y economía (Theory of Political Ecoonomy), este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una lectura del pensamiento de W.S Jevons a partir de su definición de lógica inductiva y de su aplicación en economía tomando como base el principio de la utilidad. El objetivo de Jevons es llevar la economía a la condición de ciencia a través de una aplicación de la lógica inductiva que se encuentra en su trabajo sobre el método científico (The Principles of Science). Dentro de esta propuesta, el principio de la utilidad puede ser concebido como una hipótesis sobre el comportamiento individual apto para verificación empírica. ; This paper in based on a critical and comparative analysis done over the logic treaty (Principles of Science) and economic treaty (Theory of political Economy), which objective is to analyze W.S Jevons thoughts on his definition on inductive logic and its application in economics, taking as base the profit principle. Jevons objective is to analyze economics as a science under the proposed inductive logic methodology included in his scientific method treaty (Principles of Science). Within this proposal, the profit principal can be conceived as a hypothesis for individual behavior appealable by empiric behavior. ; Por meio de uma análise crítica e comparativa dos tratados sobre lógica (The Principles of Science) e de economia (Theory of Political Economy), este trabalho tem por escopo produzir uma leitura do pensamento de W.S. Jevons a partir de sua definição de lógica indutiva e de sua aplicação em economia, tomando por base o principio da utilidade. O objetivo de Jevons é trazer a economia para a condição de ciência pela aplicação de uma proposta metodológica de lógica indutiva contida em seu tratado sobre o método científico (The Principles of Science). Dentro desta proposição, o princípio da utilidade pode ser concebido como uma hipótese sobre o comportamento individual, passível de verificação empírica.
While Indonesia has been experiencing relatively considerable and stable economic growth in the last decades, the country is prone to income disparity across regions due to uneven distribution of population, natural resources and the persistent impacts of centralized development imposed by the New Order regime. This study examines the economic growth convergence in East Java, Indonesia, from 2010 to 2019 and explores the influence of government expenditure on education, health, and capital sector on the economic growth convergence. By considering spatial dependence across regions, the result shows no strong evidence of regional income convergence in East Java. Also, this research claims the presence of spillover effect of government expenditure on education and capital sector on regional income growth. Notably, higher government expenditure of the education sector in one region could stimulate higher economic growth of its neighboring regions. Conversely, higher government expenditure on the capital sector in one region may lower the economic growth of its surrounding regions.
