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Logical reflection of this article is based on the definition of key positions, concepts «accounting» and «financial accounting» as the phenomena the understanding of the goals of management. In addition examines the causal basis of the problem of the relation of part and whole, coming from the quality of the originality and priority of the whole (the concept of «accounting»), with respect to its parts (the concept of Accounting and its specialized fields). Conclusions are made that the theoretical foundations of proper accounting «merge» with the theory of management, which in turn will become part of the economic theory. This transformation will revive political economy, but in the new methodological concept. ; Логическое отражение данной статьи базируется на определении ключевых позиций концептов «учет» и «бухгалтерский учет» как феноменов осмысления целей хозяйствования. Рассматриваются причинно-следственные основы проблемы соотношения концепта «учет» по отношению к его частям (концепт «бухгалтерский учет» и его специализированные сферы). Делаются выводы, что теоретические основы собственно учета «сольются» с теорией управления, которая, в свою очередь, станет частью экономической теории. Такая трансформация возродит политическую экономию, но уже в новом методологическом концепте.

The article is a review of a new monograph by the famous Russian theoretician-economist V.T. Ryazanov, «Modern Political Economy: Prospects for Neo-Marxist Synthesis». The focus is on the possibilities and content of neo-Marxist synthesis in political economy. Its new subject field, reflecting major changes in modern capitalism, is revealed. The scientific potential of classical political economy and the accumulated theoretical developments of heterodox schools that oppose the mainstream in modern economic theory are also shown. All this taken together makes it possible to lay the foundations of neo-Marxist synthesis as a new version of Marxist political economy. The review reveals specific theoretical, methodological and concrete economic problems studied in the monograph, and some critical remarks are made. According to the reviewer, this monograph can be an important step in contributing to the full revival of political economy in the public, scientific and educational space.

Article on the use of system analysis methodology for modeling socio-economic pro-cesses. The author justifies the methodological approach, based on dynamic analysis of exogenous processes in economic and social management practices. Particular attention is paid to the use of index indicators adaptive response of socio-economic systems to environmental changes.

The article considers the issues of development of national accounting at the regional level. Pertinence of this topic is associated with the use of regional macroeconomic indicators for management of economy carried out by government bodies. The article reviews some aspects of the theory for calculating gross regional product (GRP), which public authorities use to monitor the level and dynamics of regional economy for decision-making on measures to stimulate economic processes; on optimization of taxation and the system of regional transfers, as well as to equalize regional development and standards of living.The author analyses methodology for GRP calculation developed by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) with the emphasis on the most important provisions and information issues, which have impact on accuracy and analytical usefulness of regional macroeconomic indicators.Significant attention is paid to major improvement directions of the GRP computation methodology, including implementation of new treatment of important transactions recommended in the 2008 SNA. Among such directions the author mentions harmonization of GRP and GDP calculation methodology, improvement of information sources and methods of their processing; development of interaction between central and regional statistical agencies. ; Статья посвящена вопросам развития национального счетоводства на региональном уровне. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью использования региональных макропоказателей для целей государственного управления. В статье рассматриваются некоторые вопросы теории исчисления валового регионального продукта (ВРП), на основе которого органы государственного управления отслеживают уровень и динамику экономики регионов для принятия решений, например о мерах по стимулированию экономических процессов, для оптимизации налогообложения и системы региональных трансфертов, для выравнивания уровней экономического развития и уровня жизни.Автор анализирует методику исчисления ВРП, разработанную Федеральной службой государственной статистики, выделяя наиболее важные методологические и информационные проблемы его исчисления, влияющие на надежность и аналитическую ценность региональных макропоказателей.Значительное внимание уделено рассмотрению направлений совершенствования методологии исчисления ВРП, включая применение новой трактовки ряда экономических операций в СНС 2008. Среди таких направлений отмечается гармонизация методологии исчисления ВРП и ВВП, улучшение источников первичных данных и методов их обработки, углубление взаимодействия между центральными и региональными статистическими ведомствами.

The author makes an attempt to generalize (combining, integrating) three linear programming problems known to the theory and practice of managing enterprises in the real sector of the economy. This refers to the «classic» production task, as well as the «organization of employment of means of production» and «placement of centers». The solution to the first problem is a vector of the number of final products produced, which is found taking into account resource constraints and the need to maximize profits. The second task is related to the placement of workers in pairs of different specialties on production lines, provided that none of the lines have duplicate profiles of workers. The third task is to select production points from a previously defined list of possible locations. An integrated goal setting that combines the three specified tasks (problems) into one complex production and transport task (problem) is relevant for any production organizations that intend to develop new markets and must optimize their production plans (for example, for enterprises of the timber processing industry that open new production facilities).
According to the author, the generalizing linear mixed-integer model can provide a solution to this complex problem and the optimization in question.

Article about system essence of social contradictions between a society and the power inevitably arising at level of municipal management. On the basis of V. Pareto heritage and the theory of self-organising of I. Prigozhin the author analyzes deep problems of formation of a civil society in Russia.

Labor is one of the production factors in the Economics and in the International Trade Theory. According to the theoreticians Labor was condisdered immobile in the international trade, and therefore labor-rich countries had a comparative advantage in manufacturing and trading the labor-intensive products. After the Versailles Treaty in 1919, ILO has been established and developed the Principles of Rights at Work in 1998, which was the first step to protection of labor rights [3]. In the Declaration of Fundamental middle of the 20th Century, industrialized countries with the Labor deficiency started inviting the workers from less developed countries. This approach opened the migration of the workers from less developed and developing countries to industrialized countries. Although the Migration stem from the economic, political, social and cultural reasons from the archaic centuries, today's migration based on similar reasons creates positive impacts on the economic development and international trade. The immigrants earn higher wages with the new jobs at the host countries, even they develop further investment projects in the host countries and the original countries. With the help of Migration both countries' people reach up to a higher level of welfare, and the Balance of Payment deficits of both countries are being improved. The impact of migration is not only economic, but also world peace and friendship among the peoples are being improved, too.Key words: migration, immigrants, migrants, migrant remmittances, international trade, economic development, balance of payments, production factors.

After disintegration of the USSR, the euroasian idea known since 1920–1930-th, got transformed on the initiative of N. Nazarbayev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, into a constructive geopolitical doctrine that provides for a new mechanism of stepwise political and economicalintegration of post-soviet states. Main aims of the euroasian union creation project were to provide for economic gains and safety to every participant thereof as well as to prevent division of the post-soviet space into Orthodox Christian and Islamic states and regions. Practical implementation of the euroasian ideas and respective efforts became Euroasian Economic Association (EvrAsES) formed by Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. By today, the euroasian idea has not yet been realized at full scale; long finishing work is ahead. ; Евразийская идея, известная еще с 1920–1930-х годов, по инициативе Президента Республики Казахстан Н. Назарбаева была после распада СССР трансформирована в конструктивную геополитическую доктрину, в новый механизм поэтапной политической и экономической интеграции постсоветских государств. Основные цели проекта создания Евразийского союза – экономические выгоды и безопасность для всех участников, а также предотвращение разлома постсоветского пространства на государства и регионы православного христианства и мусульманства. Практической реализацией евразийской идеи и усилий стала организация Евразийского Экономического Сообщества (ЕврАзЭС), в состав которого вошли Россия, Казахстан, Беларусь, Кыргызстан, Таджикистан. На сегодняшний день евразийская идея еще не реализована в полном масштабе и требует длительной доработки.

The article considers the problems of the educational reform through the prism of the methodological critics and analysis of cognitive restrictions of the neoclassical economic theory. In order to overcome the lack of knowledge which distorts the possibilities of the adoption of the right political and economic decisions the author shows the advantages of the institutional and evolution theory, its subject, the structure and system of the corresponding interdisciplinary categories, which are represented in the generalized programme block.

Review of the monograph indicated in the subtitle V.T. Ryazanov. The reviewer is critical of the position of the author of the book, believing that it is possible and even necessary (to increase the effectiveness of General economic theory and bring it closer to practice) substantial (and not just formal-conventional) synthesis of the Marxist system of political economy with its non-Marxist systems. The article emphasizes the difference between the subject and the method of the classical, including Marxist, school of political economy with its characteristic objective perception of the subject from the neoclassical school with its reduction of objective reality to subjective assessments; this excludes their meaningful synthesis as part of a single «modern political economy». V.T. Ryazanov's interpretation of commodity production in the economic system of «Capital» of K. Marx as a purely mental abstraction, in fact — a fiction, myth is also counter-argued. On the issue of identification of the discipline «national economy», the reviewer, unlike the author of the book, takes the position that it is a concrete economic science that does not have a political economic status.

The article considers the approaches to public debt management in Russia, describes the time requirements for the use of various tools. The paper evaluates the dynamics of changes in public debt and its transformation, which consists in the transition from external to internal borrowing. The author denotes problems in the field of underfunding of budget expenditures in connection with the coronavirus pandemic. The study considers all known theories of public debt management and presents the mechanism of their implementation and their impact on the state of public finances. The author makes a summary of the necessary approaches and solutions in the field of borrowing and debt servicing. The paper also presents the direction of changes in the legislation in the field of setting service limits and the total amount of borrowing. ; Рассмотрены подходы к управлению государственным долгом в России, описаны требования времени к применению различных инструментов. Оценена динамика изменения государственного долга и его трансформация, заключающаяся в переходе от внешних заимствований к внутренним. Обозначены проблемы в области недофинансирования расходов бюджетов в связи с пандемией COVID-19. Рассмотрены наиболее известные теории управления государственным долгом и представлен механизм их реализации и влияние на состояние государственных финансов. Сделано обобщение о необходимых подходах и решениях в сфере привлечения заимствований и обслуживания долговых обязательств. Также представлено направление изменения законодательства в области установления предельных величин обслуживания и общей величины привлечения займов.

The paper focuses on the issue of theoretical and methodological justification of monetary policy and its tools. A review of Russian economists' theoretical approaches to this problem allowed the authors to identify theoretical, methodological and applied bases of evaluation of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The paper presents the authors' view of the scientific discussion on appropriateness of the monetary policy adopted by the Bank of Russia for the current state of the economy. The authors reveal principle distinctions between theoretical arguments of the supporters of the Bank's monetary policy and their opponents. The research theoretically and conceptually validates the changes in basic definitions and ideas contributing to the existing understanding of inflation in the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The analysis of macroeconomic theory and actual monetary policy gives grounds to conclude about their strong correlation. The suggested review of theoretical approaches to the problem studied will allow determining theoretical, methodological and applied rationale for monetary policy more accurately.

The processes of the economic space reforming, considering regional interests, entail the transformation of the socio-economic systems of territories and give rise to an aggravation of contradictions between the central government and the subnational entities of the country, what requires theoretical understanding of the problems and expanding the theory of the economic mechanism of federative relations. The purpose of the article is to specify and substantiate the concept of the economic federalism, considering the heterogeneity of regions, the need for spatial connectivity and cohesion of territories. The main constructive provisions of the spatial economic federalism are highlighted: the integrating role of the public sector as an institutional construct and an economic actor; the need for connectivity and cohesion of heterogeneous (territorial, governing and economic) spaces of interaction of entities of federative relations; combination of universal and adaptive parts in the institutional model of economic federalism. A methodology has been developed and tested for comparing the consistency of the economic interests of entities of federative relations in the Russian Federation, both in the context of regions and territorial zones of different functional status (centers of economic growth, geostrategic territories, etc.). The identified trends of better consistency of interests within the territorial zones structure allow us to justify the need for a new strategic format and the application of the specificity of the support measures in the territorial-functional context, the combination of universal and space-oriented tools, what would ensure the coherence of space in the Russian model of economic federalism. ; Процессы реформирования экономического пространства с учетом региональных интересов обуславливают трансформацию социально-экономических систем территорий, индуцируют обострение противоречий между центральной властью и субнациональными субъектами, что требует теоретического осмысления проблем и ...

The global market economy creates a number of threats to the world community, including in connection with human activities that negatively affect climate change, the state of nature, including flora and fauna, land and water resources, etc. This is also stated in the Report on Global Risks presented at the World Economic Forum in January 2020. In the modern domestic and foreign economic literature, the concepts of sustainable development are developed taking into account environmental constraints, both in theoretical and practical terms, which emphasize the preservation of natural balance, biodiversity, and the formation of an environmentally sustainable society. There are also diverse areas of research on nature management, but they usually focus on applied issues of nature research and the use of its benefits. The authors propose to systematically consider the development of society as anthropogenicoriented, involving three target areas: economic well-being, socio-political wellbeing and environmental well-being. But the implementation of these directions is possible, according to the authors, only under the condition of an adequate legal nature and society of the institutional environment and effective public and state control. The methodological basis of the theory of the formation of the ecologicalsocio-economic type of development is the synthesis of political economy and institutionalism. The empirical basis was the research experience of one of the authors (a Turkish citizen), who has been working for several years on the topic «The political economy of climate change and the environment in Turkey: sustainable development, privatization and energy policy». The article has a theoretical and methodological orientation, suggesting recommendations of a fundamental nature.