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Abstract: In the article, the concept of scientific paradigm proposed by Thomas Kuhn is associated with the developments of the main rational models of economic behavior's explanation within the framework of the General Equilibria perspective. Immediately, an analysis is made of the main hegemonic theoretical streams of the Economy, identifying them as an epistemological dynamics itself; so that, as Kuhnian paradigms, they undergo transformations due to the concrete facts and hegemonistic dynamics of the different groups of researchers and their ideological perspectives. This is intended to make clear the social nature of economic science and the influence of political-ideological factors on it and its economic policies proposals.

The global crisis that began in advanced economies has sent severe shocks around the world, posing a test to the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean. The good news is that during this decade the region has made itself more resilient to external shocks, by strengthening policy frameworks and reducing vulnerabilities in its public finances and financial systems. These preparations, the report shows, mean that countries are now more able to respond to the external crisis, many for the first time, with active policies to boost output and employment and protect the most vulnerable groups

The question of rhythm is a social, a cultural, and a political question. How to find a rhythm? And, more importantly, how can the economy find a rhythm, without tending towards the mastering of chaos and the prediction of unexpected events?

The concept of autarkeia present in the Aristotelian Politics is conceived as inseparable from the end of the city-State, insofar as it is not only constituted for mere living (zen) but for living well (eu zen). This implies a moralization of the state order that allows us to think about the conformation of an economic dimension based on the concept of autarkeia. Taking as a methodological starting point the "dialogical tension zones" device (Mársico, 2010), we will affirm that exists an Aristotelian economic thinking based on three significant concepts of his political philosophy: "self-sufficiency", "city-State", "justice" (Polanyi, 1994). Finally, we will affirm that the concept of "natural slavery" aims to guarantee the constitution of an autonomous productive economic order that delegitimizes the federated states' model of organization (summachia). ; La noción de autarkeia presente en la Política aristotélica se concibe como inseparable del fin de la ciudad-Estado, en la medida en que ésta se constituye no sólo para el mero vivir (zen) sino para el vivir bien (eu zen). Ello implica una moralización del orden estatal que nos permite pensar en la conformación de una dimensión económica a partir del concepto de autarkeia. Tomando como punto de partida metodológico el dispositivo de "zonas de tensión dialógica" (Mársico, 2010) afirmaremos la existencia de un discurso económico aristotélico a partir de tres nociones significativas en el ámbito político: autosuficiencia, ciudad-Estado, justicia (Polanyi, 1994). Afirmaremos, finalmente, que el concepto de esclavitud natural tiene por objeto garantizar la constitución de un orden económico productivo autónomo que deslegitime el modelo de organización de los estados federados (summachia).

Despite some global risks, external conditions for Latin America should remain stimulative. With monetary policy in advanced economies expected to stay accommodative, external financing conditions will remain favorable. Strong demand from emerging Asian economies and the gradual recovery of advanced economies will continue to support commodity prices, benefiting exporters. The main policy challenge for most of the region is to take advantage of current conditions to continue buttressing a foundation for sustained growth. Other issues important to the region include: (i) strengthening balance s

The phenomenon of exclusion is a multidimensional problem in which diverse causes converge. It is far from mono-causal because it is a problem as complex as it is outrageous for those who suffer it in its various forms.According to how the dominant structures have been organized in different periods (economic, social, political and cultural) in society, this will be the degree of exclusion suffered by a large part of the population.The backdrop that falls as an oil stain on society is marked by the underdevelopment of society and by the extra dependence of the economy on external relations.From this duality becomes the germ that perpetuates exclusion, combined with the forms of exercise of power in society and economy. ; El fenómeno de la exclusión es un problema multidimensional en el que convergen diversas causas. Está alejado de mono-causalidades por ser un problema tan complejo como indignante para quienes la padecen en sus diversas formas.Según como se hayan organizado las estructuras dominantes en diferentes épocas (económicas, sociales. políticas y culturales) en la sociedad, así será el grado de exclusión que padezca buena parte de la población.El telón de fondo que cae como mancha de aceite en la sociedad es signado por el subdesarrollo de la sociedad y por el plus de la dependencia de la economía de las relaciones externas.De esta dualidad deviene el germen que perpetua la exclusión, combinado con las formas de ejercicio del poder en la sociedad y la economía.

When an economic analysis is carried out, it is usual and traditional to resort to figures to support some assertions or elements of judgment, a practice that will only be eventually respected in this small essay, for two simple reasons; the first, due to the lack of timely quarterly indicators and the second, due to the loss of credibility of some strategic figures.Above all, those that intend to fix a monthly or quarterly situation, with improvised figures that favor an apparent good management, with political purposes that annul the genuine and technical perception.As someone said, the figures do not lie, the one who lies is the one who makes them, or the pertinent allusion in a well-known text by Dr. Joan Robinson, called, The fallacy of statistics. ; Cuando se efectúa un análisis económico es usual y tradicional recurrir a cifras para respaldar algunas aseveraciones o elementos de juicio, práctica que será sólo eventualmente respetada en este pequeño ensayo, por dos sencillas razones; la primera, por la carencia de indicadores trimestrales oportunos y la segunda, por la pérdida de credibilidad de algunas cifras estratégicas.Sobre toda, aquellas que pretenden fijar una situación mensual o trimestral, con cifras improvisadas que favorecen una aparente buena gestión, con propósitos políticos que anulan la percepción genuina y técnica.Como alguien dijese, las cifras no mienten, el que miente es el que las fabrica, o la alusión pertinente en un reconocido texto de la Doctora Joan Robinson, llamado, La falacia de las estadísticas.