Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to measuring the effectiveness of institutional systems of European Union countries in terms of their relevance to the requirements of the global knowledge-based economy. The theoretical analysis is based on the framework of new institutional economics with special consideration to economics of transaction costs. There are two main aims of the article. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the progress obtained by Poland and the rest of so called New Member States of the European Union in the years 2000-2010 in the context of institutional reforms that can lead to decreasing of transaction costs and are up to requirements of global knowledge-based economy. The second aim of the paper is the evaluation of influence of the last crisis of the year 2008 on the institutional reforms in 'old' Europe. The realisation of that aims was possible due to application of TOPSIS method for the analysis of institutional effectiveness of European Union members states in the years 2000-2010. The empirical research is based on the data from Fraser Institute database for Economic Freedom.

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja, w wymiarze historycznym, ewolucji systemu awansów naukowych w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwiązań z okresu po rozpoczęciu transformacji ustrojowej. Autor opracowania wykorzystuje elementy analizy i aparatu pojęciowego typowego dla ekonomii instytucjonalnej, zarówno w jej wariancie określanym czasem mianem starej ekonomii instytucjonalnej, jak i tak zwanej nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej. Analiza zmian systemu awansów naukowych w Polsce w okresie od odzyskania niepodległości w 1918, a zwłaszcza w okresie po II wojnie światowej, wskazuje na wyraźnie ewolucyjny, a nie rewolucyjny charakter zmian, z występowaniem wyraźnego tzw. uzależnienia od ścieżki rozwoju oraz istotną rolą, obok instytucji formalnych związanych ze zmianami legislacyjnymi, instytucji nieformalnych z obszaru tradycji, zwyczaju czy dyskusji o reakcji na bodźce. ; The aim of the paper is to present, from a historical perspective, the evolution of the system of academic advancement in Poland, with particular emphasis on solutions from the period following the start of the political transformation. The author uses elements of the analysis and conceptual apparatus typical for institutional economics, both in the variant sometimes referred to as the old institutional economics, and in the so-called new institutional economics. The analysis of changes in the system of academic advancement in Poland in the period after independence was regained in 1918, and especially in the period after World War II, shows that the changes were clearly evolutionary, rather than revolutionary. This occurred with clear path dependence and the important role, next to formal institutions related to legislative changes, of informal institutions in the area of tradition, custom and discussion about the response to incentives.