The article presents an analysis of the main digital economy's trends from a new institutional theory's point of view. The transition to a digital economy entails significant changes in institutional environment, transaction costs and contracts. Some of these changes can be used to realize the potential of the Russian economy competitiveness.
In this article the authors question the effectiveness of Russia's government policy aimed at transition from demand economy to economy of supply. The authors argue that Russian financial policymakers incorrectly treat cyclical budget deficit as structural. Such approach creates an additional barrier to an aggregate demand growth in Russia's economy, which still remains in recession. Revival of financial policymakers' trend to excessive accumulation in the National Welfare Fund, post-election cuts in budget social spending and infrastructure investment together with extremely high interest rates pose a considerable threat to the national security. Revealing the effect of restrictive fiscal and monetary policies on deepening the recession, the authors identify the growth dilemma for Russia's economy — either an inevitable halt or a radical shift to a new quality.
The article traces the impact of innovation on employment and workers income during industrial revolutions. The aim of the study is to identify the business model that contributes to improving the well-being and reducing negative impact of innovative transformations on employees. To achieve this goal, we analyze: the conceptions of industrial revolutions; the "Engels pause", which arose during the First Industrial Revolution as a "surge" in inequality due to the contradiction between productivity growth and profit, on the one hand, and the stagnation of workers' real incomes, on the other; the effect of replacing manual labor with automated one; the problems of technological unemployment; the digital business model of sharing economy. The findings report conclusions concerning the change in economic development paradigm as a result of the replacement of classical consumption models by sharing economy business model, on the prospects of the sharing economy business model in the context of its ability to solve employment problems, overcome technological unemployment and increase employees' income. The achieved results can be useful for policymakers and corporate structures that design innovative development strategies.
The article shows the political economy role on the different stages of market economy development. Special attention is paid to political economy at Moscow State University in connection with 210-years of the Department of Political Economy. 21-st centuries' challenges to political economy are opened as well.
The article presents a review of plenary session of the international scientific conference "Russian Middlegame: Economy, Technogenesis, Geostrategy" organized by laboratory of philosophy of economy of Faculty of economics of MSU together with scientific council of «Center of social sciences of MSU» on December 5-7, 2018. The reports considering the current state of Russia's economy from various positions, geostrategies at the middlegame moment, a middle and most responsible part of the big game, that by Russia forcedly leads on world «chessboard», were submitted at plenary session. Presented points of view allow to consider in a new fashion present world processes, their influence on the Russian policy and economy, to offer strategy for Russia in this world game.
The article surveys the theories of national economy regulation introduced by eminent economists of the Stockholm School in the late XIX - early XX centuries and the social situation in Sweden during this period. The article also analyzes the transformation of Swedish economy during XX century from a relatively pure market economy to a modern "Scandinavian socialism", focuses on the role of government agencies and the influence of the political system on this process. In addition, the paper highlights those features which, according to the author, contributed to Sweden's shift from the raw materials supplier of the leading industrial powers in the late XIX century to a current world leader in technological development.
The article discusses the role of sharing economy in hospitality and tourism sector. The paper argues that sharing economy business models are perceived as sustaining innovations at the time of their emergence. To date they demonstrate the features of disruptive innovations, exerting a growing and ambiguous influence on all key elements of tourism industry structure. The example of Greece discussed in the article shows the opportunities and threats for new business models in hospitality and tourism, as well as the need for existing market players to adapt to new conditions and to improve legal framework and mechanisms for their implementation. All these will help to mitigate possible negative effects of sharing economy development and to create conditions for realizing the benefits of sharing economy for business, government and society.
The article describes the demographic context of the development of the digital economy in Russia, systematizes the directions of the possible impact of the digitalization of the economy on demographic processes, analyzes the prerequisites for the inequality of different demographic groups in the near future in the digital reality. Based on the analysis of statistical data and expert assessments, a systematic view on the mutual impact of the digitalization of the economy and demographic development is proposed for the first time, a number of questions are raised about the possible strengthening of inequality of individual socio-demographic groups in the process of digitalization. It is shown that the demographic context can play a significant role in the digitalization of the economy, which, in turn, affects the demographic development and digital inequality.
Under the influence of globalization and computerization of the economy, organizations are changing their structures from hierarchies to networks, resulting in the development of horizontal enterprises that operate through internet technology with multiple distributed agents. This change is bringing about a new model of social and labor relations. The participants of social and labor relations put in conditions where they are forced to learn the principles of network organization and the opportunities to represent and defense of their interests in the new economy. Article is exploratory in nature, considering the direction of the influence networked economy on social and labor relations; identifies organizational foundations and principles of social and labor relations in networked economy; reviews the opportunities for development of the network of social and labor relations in Russia.
Presented in this article is a review, which evaluates the current state of Russia's secondary professional education system (SPE), and the degree to which it is prepared to train specialists who would be in demand by an innovative economy. Unlike the higher professional education system, during the last decade SPE has not only ceased to be a government priority, but has also "suffered" to a certain degree due to increased attention on behalf of the federal government towards universities, which have attained special statuses – such as "federal", "research", "supporting". Limited financial resources have been redistributed for the benefit of higher educational facilities, this leading to a decrease in funding for training personnel within SPE, while also harming the resource base. This took a serious toll on those technical colleges which trained specialists in new, promising professions. Given such a situation, communicating with employers becomes one of the key factors. However, the cooperation between SPE facilities and enterprises has been experiencing crisis due to the general decline of a number of manufacturing plants during the post-Soviet period. The study is based on the analysis of official statistical data, materials from sociological surveys, as well as expert opinions. This article consistently analyzes the current state of the SPE system, evaluates the training level of teachers, students' motivation for receiving secondary education, as well as the most popular professions. Special attention is devoted to corporate training acting as the equivalent of SPE, in the form of additional professional training. The article is concluded by examining possible directions for the development of the SPE system, in order to facilitate its adaptation to the demands of an innovative economy. Three possible directions are offered, which might help increase the quality of education within the SPE system, given the current conditions of financial limitations and issues associated with the quality of human resources. This includes cooperation with higher educational facilities, transferring a certain part of educational programs to the premises of employers, and conducting personnel training and advanced training by means of participation in independent programs such as WorldSkills and other such initiatives.
The article presents an overview of the extended session of the round table devoted to the problem of neoindustrialization of Russian economy conducted by the Problem group «Reproduction and economic growth» (leader doctor of Economics, Professor V. N. Cherkovets) in conjunction with the Center for national economic model of Russia (leader doctor of Economics, Professor V. M. Kuljkov), Centre for economic performance and productive labour (leader doctor of Economics, Professor A. O. Verenikin) of the Department of political economy to Economic faculty of Moscow State University. The discussion was concentrated on the problem of neoindustrialization of the Russian economy, the creation of a system of automated machines, the new (technological) level of the productive forces. New and adequate technology forms of organization and forms of ownership were elaborated. Such changes indicate the transition to a new model (system) of economic development which essential features are a system of vertical integration, inter-industry interaction on the basis of vertically integrated chains of value added production, increasing the efficiency of the economy and its functionning in accordance with the principles of humanistic development.
The article presents an overview of the materials of the annual scientific conference «Lomonosov readings-2019», reflecting the reports made at the section «Individual and work in the digital economy», dedicated to the significant date - the 100th anniversary of the International labour organization (ILO). The speakers actively discussed the development of social and labor sphere of modern Russia, its future in the conditions of digitalization and humanization, the problems of formation and development of human potential and transformation of labor relations in the digital economy, as well as prospects and risks in the regional, sectoral and corporate labour markets in connection with digitalization. The discussions identified and justified the need to consolidate efforts to establish an Association of labor economists, to continue the tradition of holding annual international inter-University scientific conferences for the exchange of scientific ideas and consistently project the position of the ILO in science, practice and in the teaching process.
Human behavior in the face of new challenges of changing economic reality is of interest not only to Economics, but also to other social Sciences. In this regard, the question of creating a universal human model as a tool for interpreting and predicting behavior remains open. The article analyzes the formation of human model in the economy comparing neoclassical and alternative approaches. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of methodological development of the model not only as a tool for analyzing economic phenomena and processes, but also as an independent object of knowledge. The results of the study show that drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of new institutional Economics, behavioral Economics, and social Sciences, you may perform a more profound study of behavioral assumptions, including an appeal to the motivational component of behavior, which expands the explanatory power of the model. The findings can be used both for promising theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of an individual as an economic entity, and for solving practical problems.
