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Productive economy, knowledge economy, technopolitan economy and metropolitan economy. are terms that overlap, but are not truly interchangeable. None of the first three meanings is sufficient to define the metropolitan economy. The metropolitan economy is multiple in terms of both the skills mobilised, the economic sectors concerned, but also the occupied areas. It is neither exclusively productive (depending on the export of locally produced private goods and services) nor exclusively synonymous with a knowledge economy. Nor is it the version of an institutionalised or spatialised technopolitan economy on a metropolitan scale. In the case of Grenoble, the author stresses the necessary but not sufficient role of the knowledge-based economy as a driver of metropolitan development. ; International audience ; Productive economy, knowledge economy, technopolitan economy and metropolitan economy. are terms that overlap, but are not truly interchangeable. None of the first three meanings is sufficient to define the metropolitan economy. The metropolitan economy is multiple in terms of both the skills mobilised, the economic sectors concerned, but also the occupied areas. It is neither exclusively productive (depending on the export of locally produced private goods and services) nor exclusively synonymous with a knowledge economy. Nor is it the version of an institutionalised or spatialised technopolitan economy on a metropolitan scale. In the case of Grenoble, the author stresses the necessary but not sufficient role of the knowledge-based economy as a driver of metropolitan development. ; Economie productive, économie de la connaissance, économie technopolitaine et économie métropolitaine… sont autant de termes qui se recoupent, sans être véritablement interchangeables. Aucune des trois premières acceptions ne suffit pour définir l'économie métropolitaine. L'économie métropolitaine est multiple à la fois en termes de compétences mobilisées, de secteurs économiques concernés, mais également d'espaces occupés. Elle ...

Contents: PART ONE : SUPPLYING THE ROMAN ARMIES HERZ, P.: Die Logistik der kaiserzeitlichen Armee. Strukturelle Überlegungen. ERDKAMP, P.: The Corn Supply of the Roman Armies during the Principate (27 BC - 235 AD). CARRERAS MONTFORT, C.: The Roman military supply during the Principate. Transportation and staples. BLOIS, L. DE: Monetary policies, the soldiers' pay and the onset of crisis in the first half of the third century AD. PART TWO : COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT HAYNES, I.: Britain's First Information Revolution. The Roman army and the transformation of economic life. KISSEL, Th.: Road-building as a munus publicum. KOLB, A.: Army and transport. PART THREE : THE ROMAN WEST: HISPANIA, BRITANNIA AND GERMANIA DAVIES. J.L.: Soldiers, peasants, industry and towns. The Roman army in Britain. A Welsh perspective. WHITTAKER, C.R.: Supplying the army. Evidence from Vindolanda. FUNARI, P.P.A.: The consumption of olive oil in Roman Britain and the role of the army. WIERSCHOWSKI, L.: Das römische Heer und die ökonomische Entwicklung Germaniens in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 1. Jahrhunderts. REMESAL RODRIGUEZ, J.: Baetica and Germania. Notes on the concept of 'provincial interdependence' in the Roman Empire. KONEN, H.: Die ökonomische Bedeutung der Provinzialflotten während der Zeit des Prinzipates. PART FOUR : NORTH AFRICA AND THE EAST MORIZOT, P.: Impact de l'armée romaine sur l'économie de l'Afrique. ROTH, J.: The army and the economy in Judaea and Palestine. ALSTON, R.: Managing the frontiers. Supplying the frontier troops in the sixth and seventh centuries

The economic and social costs of the COVID-19 pandemic affect society, individual investors, policy makers and all financial market participants. The COVID-19 pandemic has created shock waves in financial markets, as well as commodity prices, including oil, and the real economy. This study analyzes the short-term and long-term relations among the number of total COVID-19 cases, USA stock price index, crude oil price and economic policy uncertainty index for USA, based on daily figures between 31.12.2019 and 30.11.2020. The results of the study indicate that there are short-term and long-term cointegration between economic policy uncertainty index determinants in USA. Long-term elasticities project that a 1% increase in the number of COVID-19 cases would lead to an increase of 0.086% in USA economic policy uncertainty index, and an increase of 1% in crude oil price would lead to a decrease of 0.410% in USA economic policy uncertainty index and an increase of 1% in USA stock price index would lead to a 3.167% decrease in USA economic policy uncertainty index.

Écarts entre les droits de propriété dans une économie bi-sectorielle Cet article théorique introduit une économie bi-sectorielle. Dans un secteur contesté , deux agents se bagarrent pour s'approprier la fraction maximale d'un bien contesté. Dans un secteur non-contesté , les agents détiennent des droits de propriété sécurisés sur la production d'un certain nombre de produits. Les agents partagent leurs dotations en ressources entre le « beurre », les « canons », et la « glace ». Ce dernier item comprend les activités productives sécurisées contre l'appropriation. Nous démontrerons dans quelles mesures les améliorations dans la productivité peuvent contrebalancer l'impact destructeur des conflits permanents. Finalement, le modèle de base est étendu à l'examen d'un gouvernement et d'un groupe rival. Un gouvernement poursuivant une politique de redistribution peut relancer la production dans le secteur non-contesté, mais à un niveau plus élevé de « canons ».