Nastajanje inženjerskog polja mehatronike privlači pozornost mnogih tehničkih stručnjaka, akademika i vladinih dužnosnika u posljednjih nekoliko godina, na nacionalnoj i globalnoj razini. Glavni razlog za to je da mnogi suvremeni proizvodi više nisu čisto električni i elektronski ili mehanički. Štoviše, oni su integrirani multidisciplinarni proizvodi koji su izrađeni od podsustava koji zahtijevaju inženjersko znanje iz različitih disciplina. Tako sve veći broj sveučilišta nude tečajeve, certifikate i programe na preddiplomskoj i diplomskoj razini u području mehatronike. Ovaj članak predstavlja obrazovni program mehatronike na Fakultetu tehničkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Novom Sadu u Srbiji. Osim toga, u članku je prikazana procjena studenata programa mehatronike. Provedeno istraživanje omogućilo je bolji uvid u mišljenje studenata o ovom programu, a samim tim i vrijedne povratne informacije koje će omogućiti daljnja poboljšanja programa. ; The emerging engineering field of mechatronics has caught the attention of many engineering professionals, academics and government officials in recent years, nationally and globally. The main reason for this is that many modern products are no longer purely electrical and electronic or mechanical. Moreover, they are integrated multidisciplinary products which are made from subsystems which require engineering knowledge of different disciplines. Hence, increasing number of universities is offering courses, certificates and programs at undergraduate and graduate levels in the area of mechatronics. This paper presents an educational program in mechatronics at the Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. In addition, student evaluation of the mechatronics program is presented. The conducted survey enabled faculty to gain more insight into student opinions about this program which provided valuable feedback for further program improvements.
The author thematizes several aspects of political education. First, he describes the attitude of the two foremost international associations for political science (APSA & IPSA) toward political education & shows how political education, from the perspective of political science, can be perceived in two ways: as a field of application & as a field of scientific interest. He goes on to list the main reasons for the revival of interest in political education in the last 10-15 years that has resulted in the acceptance of political education as an essential component of school systems in most democratic states. The author is particularly interested in the manner in which political education within school systems is institutionalized. Based on insights into existing practices, the author offers a classification with four basic models -- political education by means of a hidden curriculum; as an educational principle; as a segment of the integrated social education; & as a separate subject. Using this classification, the author analyzed the existing models of political education in 26 European states. Results show that the dominant models are the model of the separate subject & the model of the integrated social education. The author thinks that such a choice is the result of the research findings that suggest a greater effectiveness of these two models. 3 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document.
Zagrebački Botanički vrt Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta sačuvan je u urbanističko-arhitektonskoj koncepciji u gotovo izvornom obliku, kako je izgrađen 1892. godine. Članak donosi sažeti prikaz specifične povijesne arhitekture koja je dio Vrta. Građevine su opisane na temelju istraživanja arhivske građe, analize sačuvanih prvotnih i novijih projekata te izvedenih građevina od nastanka Vrta. Obuhvaćene su sve za Botanički vrt značajne građevine: izložbeni staklenici, vrtlarska kuća, izložbeni paviljon, fiziološki laboratorij, javni zahod te bazeni s "vodometom", uresna ograda, mostić, sjenice i vodosprema. Vrijedna povijesna arhitektura postupno se obnavlja pod konzervatorskim nadzorom nadležne službe za zaštitu kulturnih dobara od 1998. godine do danas. ; Almost the entire original layout of the urban and architectural concept of the Zagreb Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science has been preserved as it was conceived in 1889 by its founder, Prof. Antun Heinz, a professor of botany at the University of Zagreb. The Garden was designed and built in accordance with contemporary European standards for the design of botanical gardens. From its foundation until today, the Garden has retained its multiple purposes. As an integral part of the Faculty of Science of the University of Zagreb for more than a century, the Garden has played an extremely important role in university teaching and scientific research in the field of botany, as well as education of the general public. The Garden also has cultural, historical and touristic value for the city of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia. Since it was founded, it has remained open to the public free of charge, providing visitors with numerous educational and popular activities. It is part of the Green Horseshoe in Donji grad, a cultural good inscribed in the Register of Cultural Goods of the Republic of Croatia as an original architectural achievement, and as a completed, urbanistic, architectural space in the form of a park in the centre of Zagreb, and also as a horticultural monument in the botanical-garden category. In the first decades after its foundation, a series of functional buildings and structures of park architecture, such as a gazebo, a lookout and small bridges on the lake, shelters and similar elements in various historic styles, were built in the Botanical Garden. As a permanent residence for gardeners, a garden house was built in 1890 in the west part of the Garden, in the direction of Savska cesta. Later, greenhouses were erected and the pavilion was transported from the Second Jubilee Exhibition of Economy and Forestry held in Zagreb in 1891. A rare example of a communal building, a public toilet for parks, based on the 1905 project by Milan Lenuci, has been preserved. The last two buildings were designed by professors from the Faculty of Architecture. In 1933, in the south part of the Garden, Prof. Juraj Denzler built the well of the City Water Supply Network, used by the Garden to this day; and, in 1942, along with the already-built physiological laboratory, Prof. Zvonimir Vrkljan started building the Division of Botany. Buildings, park architecture, parterre and installation network were reconstructed and renovated over the past twenty years in accordance with the defined priorities and conservation guidelines, projects and supervision of the City Institute for the Conservation of Cultural and Natural Heritage. Several selected examples present recent projects and renovations. Industrial development in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and new materials – iron and glass – enabled the construction of large halls illuminated from above. Constructors applied this type of knowledge to build greenhouses, essential for the successful cultivation of tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean plants in botanical gardens. Often, this type of old greenhouse is a valuable example of specific architectural heritage. A unique historical structure of this type is preserved in the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science in Croatia. Professor Dr. Antun Heinz took a sabbatical in 1889 and visited European botanical gardens in order to gather experience and the latest ideas he needed for the design and construction of the Botanical Garden of the University of Zagreb. He chose a situational solution, a combination of geometric and landscape style. He decided to design the largest part of the Garden in the landscape – or socalled English – style, with randomly planted groups of trees and shrubs, and curving paths. Only the parterre (ornamental flower beds), located in the west part of the Garden, was built in the French style, with a strict geometric and symmetrical ground plan. Around the long central axis, a conception typical of Baroque park heritage of the 17th and 18th centuries, he placed the main building of the Garden and the greenhouses with a geometric floral parterre with two symmetrical paths on each side, and most of that open surface is a free composition of the parterre with high and low greenery. The original shape of the exhibition greenhouses built at the end of the 19th century was preserved, but they were in very bad condition. Therefore, renovation was planned and is underway in order to restore the original condition of the complex of exhibition greenhouses. Fence around the Botanical Garden was gradually added as the city in the immediate vicinity of the Garden developed. In 1900, after the construction of the new street (today's Mihanović Street), the north fence of the Garden was built with the main entrance portal based on a design by the Royal Building Department of the Land Government, and then the east and west fence were built. Since the aesthetically shaped southern fence did not exist, it was designed as a public walkway with a pergola, and the construction began in 2018. The oldest fair building in Croatia was preserved in the Botanical Garden of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science in Zagreb, and restored in 2007. The wooden pavilion was presented at the international exhibition in Vienna in 1890, and in Zagreb in 1891. In 1892, it was moved to the Garden as a building where plants susceptible to frost were kept during winter. Over time, the domes and façade were removed. However, the roof structure and the volume of the building were preserved, and all characteristic elements of the lining were found before the 2005 reconstruction. Based on sufficient data and archival photographs, it was possible to restore the exhibition pavilion to its original form. Reconstruction and renovation of the Botanical Garden complex and functional historic buildings will continue and contribute to the preservation of the complete historical architectural heritage in the park section of the Green Horseshoe of Zagreb Donji Grad.
The Council of Europe, founded in 1949 to promote greater unity & safeguard the political & cultural heritage of the continent, has become the largest international governmental organization in Europe with its 46 members. It proclaimed the year 2005 the "European Year of Citizenship through Education." The promotion of democracy & democratic political culture is one of the chief objectives of the Council of Europe, & the interest & active participation of citizens in public affairs are the conditions necessary for the development of democratic political culture. The awakening of citizens' interest & civic involvement begins at school. The Republic of Croatia as a member of the Council of Europe will observe 2005 as a Year of Citizenship through Education. In January of that year, the Croatian Ministry of Education, Science, and Sports set up a special commission consisting of 22 members representing educators & teachers from all three levels of the educational system, nongovernmental organizations, ministry departments, & mass media. The commission developed an action plan which it presented to the public in March of 2005 & which contained the principal objectives that the country's schools should seek in their teaching democratically minded citizenship. Z. Dubiel
Entrepreneurship cultivation and education is an omnipresent and unavoidable educational concept in the educational systems of European countries. The formation, development and the rise of this concept are closely related to modern development trends of European educational policies. Education for entrepreneurship is determined by the social and educational values of entrepreneurship and its placement among the fundamental prerequisites for the achievement of lifelong learning. It has been noted that there is insufficient theoretical foundation of this concept in the science of pedagogy. One consequence of this situation is the evaluation of entrepreneurship education as pedagogically irrelevant. Entrepreneurship, in the educational context, is often referred to as an area of paradoxes because of the characteristics that are constantly balancing on a continuum from neo-liberal to emancipatory interpretations. The aim of this work is to segregate possible valuable and targeted controversies by way of conceptual-theoretical analysis of entrepreneurship education, and to consider its emancipatory and affirmative value in the process of education. The results of the analysis will contribute to the understanding of the complexity of what education for entrepreneurship is or what it could become if we do not approach education policy trends critically. ; U obrazovnim sustavima europskih zemalja odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo sveprisutan je i nezaobilazan odgojno-obrazovni koncept. Nastanak, razvoj i uspon tog koncepta u tijesnoj su vezi sa suvremenim razvojnim trendovima europske obrazovne politike. Odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo određeno je društvenom i odgojnom vrijednosti poduzetništva, zatim svrstavanjem među temeljne preduvjete za ostvarivanje cjeloživotnog učenja. U pedagogijskoj znanosti uočava se nedostatna teorijska utemeljenost tog koncepta. Jedna od posljedica takvog stanja je vrednovanje odgoja i obrazovanja za poduzetništvo kao pedagogijski irelevantnoga. Poduzetništvo, u odgojno-obrazovnom kontekstu, često se naziva područjem paradoksa zbog obilježja koja neprestano balansiraju na kontinuumu od neoliberalnih do emancipacijskih interpretacija. Cilj ovog rada je konceptualno-teorijskom analizom odgoja i obrazovanja za poduzetništvo, izdvojiti moguće vrijednosne i ciljne prijepore te razmotriti njegovu emancipacijsku i afirmativnu vrijednost u procesu odgoja i obrazovanja. Rezultati provedene analize doprinose razumijevanju kompleksnosti onoga što je odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo ili što bi mogao postati ako nekritički pristupamo trendovima obrazovne politike.
The paper deals with three aspects of teaching political education: the problems of teaching social sciences in Croatia regarding their content, methods, & instruction; the quality of teaching according to the ISO 9000 norm; & the study of the quality of the program of teaching politics & economics to secondary school pupils. The methods of work chosen have made it possible to give an account of contemporary developments throughout the world in the field of methodology & instruction regarding this subject. All suggested solutions & models have not simply been copied, but adapted to the existing conditions of secondary education in Croatia. The intention is to activate fresh forces in the Croatian school system that will, taking into account the realities of the Croatian situation, find new educational paths, aware that primary importance should be given to the quality of learning & the complete satisfaction of pupils, parents, & society. This approach does not seek unobtainable material resources, but demands much effort & numerous changes in the policies & work of all those directly or indirectly involved in teaching. 2 Tables, 8 References. Adapted from the source document.
Povijesna izmjena pedagoških ideja i usmjerenja koja ih utemeljuju pokazuju upućenost pedagogije prema općim tijekovima društvenog razvoja. Svako povijesno razdoblje stvara interpretativan okvir odgoja djece. Tumačenja odgojno-obrazovnih koncepata zavisna su od političko-ekonomsko-gospodarskog konteksta življenja zajednice, opće filozofije koja se društveno zagovara i značajki razvoja raznih znanstvenih disciplina. Uvažavajući društveni kontekst, pedagoška paradigma konceptualizira se stvarajući autentične znanstvene spoznaje i prihvaćajući saznanja komplementarnih znanosti. Radom se razmatraju sličnosti i razlike tradicionalne i suvremene pedagoške paradigme vezane uz kontekst ranog i predškolskog odgoja. Također se izdvajaju znanstvene pretpostavke, polazišta i istraživanja disciplina s kojima suvremena odgojno-obrazovna paradigma dijeli isti predmet interesa, a pomoću kojih osmišljava i na temelju kojih zastupa svoj odgojno-obrazovni pristup. Problematizira se način implementacije suvremenih odgojno-obrazovnih koncepata u praksu ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Kroz prethodno navedena težišta promatra se na koji način suvremeni pedagoški koncept zastupa svoj autentičan pristup i u kojoj mjeri njegovi principi odmiču, a koliko se nastavljaju na prevladane pedagoške prakse. ; Historical changes in pedagogical ideas and orientations that underpin them show that pedagogy orientates towards the general course of social development. Each historical period creates an interpretative framework for children upbringing. Interpretations of educational concepts depend on the political-economic context of community life, general philosophy advocated by society, and the characteristics of development of various scientific disciplines. Taking into account the social context, pedagogical paradigm is conceptualized by creating authentic scientific knowledge and accepting the knowledge of complementary sciences. This paper discusses similarities and differences between traditional and contemporary pedagogical paradigms in relation to the context of early and preschool education. It also highlights scientific assumptions, starting points and studies of the disciplines with which the contemporary educational paradigm shares the same subject of interest, and through which it conceives and underpins its educational approach. It also problematizes introduction of contemporary educational concepts into practice of early and preschool education. The aforementioned allows focusing on the way in which contemporary pedagogical concept represents its authentic approach, how its principles depart, and in what way they continue on pre-established pedagogical practices.
U Europskoj Uniji uvidjeli su kako je poticanje poduzetnosti, inovativnosti i kreativnosti cje¬lokupnog stanovništva ključni faktor povećanja gospodarske konkurentnosti s ostatkom svijeta. Ključni dio sveukupne strategije održivog rasta i razvoja Europske Unije nazvane "Europa 2020", sadrži akcijski plan čiji cilj je oslobađanje poduzetničkog potencijala i ukla¬njanje postojećih prepreka razvoju poduzetništva i osnaživanje poduzetničke kulture Euro¬pe. Cjeloživotno učenje podrazumijeva unapređivanje znanja i vještine unutar naše osobne, društvene i poslovne perspektive. Poduzetništvo je jedna od ključnih kompetencija cjeloži¬votnog učenja koju je potrebno sustavno razvijati i kroz osnovnoškolski odgoj i obrazovanje. S obzirom da pedagogija kao znanost podrazumijeva skup znanja o metodama, sredstvima i principima odgoja i obrazovanja, ona treba uključiti poduzetnički aspekt pedagogije i de¬finira je, po mogućnosti, kao zasebnu disciplinu koja bi se bavila primjenom odgojno-obra¬zovnih metoda usmjerene razvijanju poduzetničkog duha od najranijeg uzrasta: "Poduzet¬nička pedagogija trebala bi biti znanstvena disciplina/grana unutar područja pedagogijske znanosti koja bi se bavila istraživanjem i implementacijom didaktičko-metodičkih modela u odgojno-obrazovne procese. Nacionalna strategija obrazovnog sustava Srbije prepoznala je poduzetništvo kao jednu od ključnih kompetencija cjeloživotnog učenja. Kroz različite projektne aktivnosti koje se odnose na razvoj vještina i unapređivanja znanja učenika pre¬poznat je značaj neophodne sustavne implementacije poduzetništva u školske programe na svim obrazovnim nivoima. Sustavno uključivanje poduzetničke kompetencije učenika osnovnih škola u školske kurikulume važan je faktor njegove implementacije. U Europskom projektu: "Poduzetnička pedagogija – poduzetna djeca" istražujemo mogući pristup k rea¬lizaciji ovog izazova. ; Encouraging entrepreneurship, innovation, and creativity of the entire population have come to be seen, in the European Union, as a key factor in boosting economic competi¬tiveness with the rest of the world. The key part of the overall strategy for sustainable growth and development of the European Union called ''Europe 2020'', contains an action plan which aims to release the entrepreneurial potential and removal of existing obstac¬les to the development of the entrepreneurial culture in Europe. Lifelong learning implies improving the knowledge and skills within our personal, social, and business perspective. Entrepreneurship is one of the key competences of lifelong learning that needs to be sys¬tematically developed through primary school education. Given that pedagogy as a scien¬ce implies knowledge about methods, means, and principles of education and training, it should include the entrepreneurial aspect of pedagogy and defines it, preferably, as a separate discipline which would deal with the application of educational methods that aim to develop the entrepreneurial spirit from an early age: ''Entrepreneurial pedagogy should be a scientific discipline/branch within the field of pedagogical science which would research and implement didactic-methodical models into educational processes. National strategy of educational system in Serbia has recognized entrepreneurship as one of the key competences of lifelong learning. It has been recognized, through various project activities related to the development of skills and advancing knowledge of students, the importance of essential systematic implementation of entrepreneurship into curricula at all educatio¬nal levels. The systematic inclusion of entrepreneurial competence of elementary school students into school curricula is an essential factor of its implementation. In the European project ''Entrepreneurial pedagogy - entrepreneurial children'' a possible approach towar¬ds the realization of this challenge is being researched.
U prilogu se opisuju ciljevi i metodologija istraživanja znanstvenoistraživačkoga projekta Engleski jezik u Hrvatskoj. Ističe se da su razlozi za pokretanje i provođenje projekta vezani uz potrebu da se politika učenja stranih jezika počne koncipirati na temelju znanstveno verifi ciranih pretpostavki, a ne – kao do sada – na temelju proizvoljne i neprovjerene intuicije i stavova pojedinaca. Autorice, od kojih je jedna i voditeljica projekta, također detaljno opisuju razloge za izbor instrumenata koji su korišteni u projektu. Korištenje baterije mađarskih testova i upitnika objašnjavaju sličnošću društveno-obrazovnih konteksta u dvjema zemljama, mogućnošću komparativnih studija i činjenicom da preuzeti testovi ispituju komunikacijsku kompetenciju učenika na europskim referentnim stupnjevima A2 i B1, razinama koje su propisane i hrvatskim nacionalnim kurikulumom. U radu se opisuje predtestiranje preuzetih instrumenata i iznose rezultati toga postupka. Osim novih spoznaja o statusu engleskoga jezika u Hrvatskoj, autorice navode i niz dodatnih rezultata vezanih uz razvijanje istraživačkih kompetencija u ovome području znanstvenih propitivanja. ; The paper focuses on the aims and research methodology of the Croatian national project English in Croatia. The authors, one of whom headed the research team, point out that reasons for such a project are connected with the need to conceptualise FL education policies on the basis of research-based insights instead of what has been common practice up to now – on unverifi ed individual intuitions. The authors also explain at length the choice of measuring instruments used in the project. They stress that the Hungarian battery of tests used represent measures validated in a similar socio-educational context, that they make possible comparative studies of the same phenomena and that the communicative tests in the battery, aiming at the CEFR A2 and B1 levels, coincide with the language communicative competence set out by the Creational national curriculum. The paper offers a ...
In the contemporary society, creativity is one of the most desirable abilities which an individual can possess in all the fields of human activity. On the other hand, educational policy and national curriculums marginalize the importance of art subjects in most countries in the world, while the advantage is given to STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Although creativity, according to many educational standards, is one of the key abilities, in teaching practice routine activities are still valued more than creative ones. However, it is the art subjects which develop creativity (constructive) potential within an individual, although this also heavily depends on a teacher/professor, on his/her methodological approach and abilities within the scope of professional activity. Therefore, we conducted empirical research in Visual Arts Teaching Methodology training and non-training primary schools. We expected that we would foster students' development of creativity through regular collaboration with university, problem-based learning of art and artistic language, inventiveness in creating art assignments and through increasing public awareness of harmfulness of stereotypical artistic expression. Among a large number of verified tests of creativity, Urban-Jellen test "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", which is based on the activity of drawing, was selected and used in this study. We wanted to know whether there was a statistically significant difference between training and non-training schools in students' performance on the test used to examine the level of creativity. The level of statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group was determined by a chi-squared test. The research has been carried out in elementary schools in the area of the city of Zagreb, on the sample that included the students of fourth and eighth grade. The results of the research indicate that there is a possible influence of collaboration between the mentors and university professors and students of teacher-training college within the scope of Visual Arts Teaching Methodology course on students' creativity. ; U suvremenom je društvu kreativnost jedna od najpoželjnijih sposobnosti koju pojedinac posjeduje u svim područjima ljudskog djelovanja. S druge strane, obrazovna politika i nacionalni kurikuli u većini zemalja svijeta umjetničke predmete marginaliziraju po važnosti, a prednost se daje STEM (engl. science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplinama. Iako je, prema mnogim obrazovnim standardima, kreativnost jedna od ključnih kompetencija u nastavničkoj praksi, i dalje se vrednuju rutinske više nego kreativne aktivnosti. Upravo umjetnički predmeti u obrazovanju razvijaju u pojedincu kreativni (stvaralački) potencijal, ali to uvelike ovisi i o učitelju/nastavniku, o njegovu metodičkom pristupu i kompetencijama u okviru profesionalnog djelovanja. Stoga smo proveli empirijsko istraživanje u mentorskim (za Metodiku likovne kulture) i nementorskim osnovnim školama. Očekivalo se da će se redovitom suradnjom s fakultetom, putem likovnojezične problemske nastav, inventivnosti u osmišljavanju likovnih zadataka i osvještavanjem problematike štetnosti stereotipnog likovnog izražavanja utjecati na razvoj kreativnosti kod učenika. Između većeg broja provjerenih testova kreativnosti, upotrijebljen je Urban - Jellen "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", koji se temelji na crtačkoj aktivnosti. Zanimalo nas je postoji li statistički značajna razlika između mentorskih i nementorskih škola u rješavanju testa kojim se ispituje stupanj kreativnosti. Stupanj značajnosti razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne skupine statistički je utvrđen hi-kvadrat testom. Istraživanje je provedeno u osnovnim školama na području Grada Zagreba, na uzorku koji je obuhvaćao učenike četvrtih i osmih razreda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na moguć utjecaj suradnje učitelja mentora sa sveučilišnim nastavnicima i studentima učiteljskih studija u okviru Metodike likovne kulture na kreativnost učenika.
We are witnesses to the increasing spreading of knowledge in all fields of scholarship and life itself. This has placed a burden on education at all levels. It has created a gap between possibilities and aspirations, which has in turn resulted in dysfunctional knowledge and dissatisfaction of pupils, teachers and parents. The objective of the Croatian National Education Standard (CNES) is to resolve these problems. The CNES is a comprehensive approach to the educational process and encompasses the objectives of education and learning, educational content, proposed instruction methods, expected outcomes of teaching, instruction and the teaching environment. The overall objective here is to educate and prepare younger generations for getting their bearings under unpredictable future circumstances, for a knowledge-based economy and society. A large number of experts from the relevant higher educational and scholarly institutions and practicing teachers from throughout Croatia participated in the development of the CNES. The task of the CNES in the field of geography is to disburden pupils and to develop knowledge, skills and habits, and to train and socialize individuals, in compliance with the value system of the European Union. The CNES in geography has been presented, as in all subjects of the natural science group, through lecture topics. The structure of topics is tabular, with 13 parameters that indicate objectives of the CNES. An analysis of the CNES clearly shows that teaching geography is inconceivable without maps, because complex spatial reality cannot be perceived without corresponding knowledge, ability and habits from the field of cartography. The map, with its universal nature (cartographic symbols), is an irreplaceable lecture aid to educate and socialize pupils. Implementation of the CNES commenced in 2005 in an experimental 5% (49) of Croatia's schools. Implementation of CNES requires additional education of geography teachers, which has been conceived by means of seminars in several phases. ; Svjedoci smo sve većeg povećavanja koli-čine znanja u svim područjima znanosti i života. To je opterećivalo naše obrazovanje na svim stupnjevima. Nastao je raskorak između mogućnosti i htijenja, što je rezultiralo nefunkcionalnim znanjima i nezadovoljstvom kako učenika, tako učitelja i roditelja. Te probleme trebao bi razriješiti Hrvatski nacionalni obrazovni standard - HNOS. Hrvatski nacionalni obrazovni standard je cjeloviti pristup obrazovnom procesu i uključuje ciljeve odgoja i obrazovanja, odgojno-obrazovne sadržaje, prijedloge metoda poučavanja, očekivane ishode učenja i poučavanja te nastavno okružje. Sve je to u cilju obrazovanja i pripreme mladih naraštaja za snalaženje u nepredvidivim budućim okolnostima, za gospodarstvo i društvo temeljeno na znanju. Na izradi HNOS-a radio je velik broj stručnjaka iz relevantnih visokoškolskih ustanova i znanstvenih institucija, učitelja praktičara iz cijele Hrvatske. Zadaća je HNOS-a rasterećenje učenika i razvijanje znanja, vještina i navika te odgoj i socijalizacija pojedinca, u skladu s vrijednosnim sustavom EU. HNOS iz geografije prezentiran je, kao i u svim nastavnim predmetima prirodne skupine, kroz nastavne teme. Ustrojstvo tema je tabelarno, s 13 odrednica koje upućuju na ciljeve HNOS-a. Analizom HNOS-a razvidno je da je nastava geografije nezamisliva bez geografske karte jer je složenu prostornu stvarnost nemoguće spoznati bez odgovarajućih znanja, sposobnosti i navika iz područja kartografije. Karta je svojom univerzalnošću (kartografski znakovi) jedinstveno sredstvo za odgoj i socijalizaciju učenika. HNOS se počeo provoditi u 2005. godini u oko 5% (49) hrvatskih škola. Za provedbu HNOS-a potrebna je dodatna edukacija učitelja geografije, a ona je osmišljena putem seminara u nekoliko faza.Ključne riječi
Poslije kratka presjeka važnijih događaja vezanih uz povijest Franjevačke provincije Bosne Srebrene autor analizira važnije odredbe franjevačkoga zakonodavstva s obzirom na školstvo koje su omogućile njegov snažan razvoj u razdoblju poslije Tridentskoga koncila i koje su bitno utjecale ne organizaciju i rad franjevačkih obrazovnih ustanova na ovim prostorima. Poseban je naglasak na odredbama što su se odnosile na studij filozofije čija je svrha bila pripremiti studente za što kvalitetniji studij bogoslovije. S tim je ciljem na generalnom kapitulu franjevačkoga reda održanome u Rimu 1694. godine propisano da se filozofija predaje najmanje tri godine i da se u njezinu okviru studiraju summulae (logica minor), logika (logica maior), fizika, metafizika, animistika (znanost o duši), učenje o nastanku i propadanju tvari te kozmologija. Nastavni je sadržaj bio vezan uz učenje Ivana Duns Škota i Bonaventure. Metoda je bila strogo skolastička. Međutim, daljnje su reforme išle za približavanjem državnih i crkvenih sveučilišnih programa. Iz odredaba vezanih za studij filozofije u Bosni Srebrenoj vidljivo je da su provincijske uprave nastojale što dosljednije provoditi propise što ih je donosio general reda i, koliko je to bilo moguće, držati korak s trendovima na zapadnim učilištima. Kada to okolnosti nisu dopuštale, svoje su gojence slali na studij u inozemstvo. ; After a short review of more important events related to the history of the Franciscan province Silver Bosnia the author analyzes more significant regulations of the Franciscan legislature with regard to education which enabled its strong development in the period after the Trident Council and which had a strong influence on the organization and work of the Franciscan educational institutions in these areas. The special emphasis is on the regulations which referred to the study of philosophy, the purpose of which was to prepare students for the quality study of theology. With that goal the general Franciscan body of canons held in Rome in 1694 stipulated that philosophy must be taught at least three years and that in its framework summulae (logica minor), logics (logica maior), physics, metaphysics, science about soul, study about the emergence and decadence of a matter and cosmology must be learned. The teaching content was connected with the study of Ivan Duns Scotsman and Bonaventure. The method was strictly scholastic. However, further reforms went in direction of drawing closer the state and church university curricula. From the regulations related to the study of philosophy in Silver Bosnia it is visible that the provincial authorities were trying to implement the regulations made by the general of order and, as much as possible, keep pace with trends in the western educational institutions. When the circumstances did not allow that, they sent their students to study abroad.
Osnovni cilj ovoga rada jeste utvrditi elemente savremenog pristupa organizaciji i sprovođenju praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad, te ih identifikovati u praktičnoj nastavi socijalnog rada u BiH. Rad se sastoji iz dva dijela. U uvodnom dijelu analizirana su određenja i obilježja praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad, te sa njima srodni koncepti iskustvenog učenja i refleksije. U drugom dijelu, analizirana su obilježja praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad u BiH, na tri različite škole: Odsjek za socijalni rad Fakuleteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Odsjek za socijalni rad Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Tuzli i Studijski program socijalnog rada, sa Fakulteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci. Analiza je izvršena na dva načina. Prvi je kroz identifikovanje osnovnih obilježja modela praktične nastave na sva tri fakulteta, a u odnosu na osnovne elemente koji su utvrđeni prethodnom teorijskom analizom. Potrebni podaci su dobijeni primjenom metode intervjua sa predstavnicima osoblja fakulteta, koji su odgovorni za praktičnu nastavu studenata. Da bi se utvrdio pravac i kvalitet razvoja modela praktične nastave na ovim fakultetima, analizarana su njihova obilježja u odnosu na školsku 2011/12 godinu sa jedne, i osam godina kasnije - školsku 2019/20 godinu, sa druge strane. Drugi pristup se zasniva na komparativnoj analizi silabusa predmeta praktične nastave, u odnosu na dva obilježja: 1) ciljevi i definisani ishodi; i 2) metode nastavnog procesa. Rezultati ukazuju na razvojni pomak, u smislu povećanja broja sati i predmeta u kojima se organizuje praktična nastava, kontiuiranu pripremu studenata prije terenske prakse, te organizovanje prvih edukacija za mentore. Priručnik za praktičnu nastavu i veća podrška i usmjerenje mentorskog angažmana sa jedne, te metode kojima se razvijaju kritičko mišljenje, naučni stav i otvorenost za nove perspektive, sa druge strane, ostaju poseban izazov za dalji razvoj praktične nastave. ; The main objective of this paper is to identify the elements of the contemporary approach to field education in the education of social work and to identify them in the field education of social work education programmes in BiH. The paper is divided into two parts. In the introductory part we have analyzed different definitions and general characteristics of field education in social work education, and with that related concepts of experiential learning and reflection. In the second part, we analyzed the elements of field education in education for social work in B&H at the three different schools: the Department of Social Work of the Faculty of Political Science- University of Sarajevo; Department of Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy- University of Tuzla; and the Social Work Study Program, Faculty of Political Science- University of Banja Luka. The analysis was conducted from two perspectives. The first one is through the identification of the basic features of the field education model in all three faculties, and in relation to the general elements of field education previously identified through the theoretical analysis. The required data were obtained by applying the interview method with representatives of the faculty staff who are responsible for the field education programs. In order to determine the direction and quality of development of the model of field education programs, they were analyzed according to these characteristics in relation to the school year 2011/12 on one side, and the eight years later - the school year 2019/20, on the other side. The second approach is based on a comparative analysis of the curriculum of the field subjects, in relation to the following elements: 1) goals and defined outcomes; and 2) educational process methods. The results indicate developmental step forward, in terms of increasing the number of hours and courses in which field education is organized, the continuous preparation of students before the field practice, and the organization of initial trainings for mentors. A handbook for field education and greater support and guidance for mentoring engagement, organising the educational methods for develop critical thinking with students, their scientific attitude and openness to new perspectives, remain as the biggest challenges for the further development of field education in school for social work in B&H.
