The STS movement, which emerged in embryonic in the middle of last century and made over the decades, remains relevant to the society we live in. Thus, it is recurrent the need for a participation of this society in the direction given to the scientific and technological activity, demanding more democratic decisions. In this sense the research is based on the questionings: what is the characterization of educational practices carried out in STS field in Basic Education and in teacher training?; And, as has been the participation of society in scientific and technological development? As objectives, we seek: (i) identify which subjects have participated in decision-making on scientific and technological development, and how; (ii) analyze data referrals in respect of educational practices STS; (iii) to investigate whether the STS assumptions are advancing the Academy to implement educational practices; (iv) to point out horizons for Science Education in the perspective of curricular settings guided by the constitution of a culture of participation. It is a bibliographical research whose methodology was the Discursive Textual Analysis, composed of unitarization, categorization and communication. The corpus of analysis emerged four categories: 1) Limitations practices STS implemented; 2) Methodological aspects of practicas STS; 3) Social participation in the development of ST in classrooms; 4) Justifications for insertion of STS practices.
State educational services suffered a plague of privatisation during the 1980s and 1990s, inspired by the neoliberal hegemony of the time. This article looks into what contribution education can make to the construction of an informed, and participative democracy. The teaching of science and technology needs to be based on principles of justice and equality, and, to ensure that all have equal opportunity to reach the highest levels, should be public, free and of high quality.
O artigo discute o ensino como processo de comunicação, partindo da constatação da importância do papel das tecnologias da educação e comunicação na sociedade atual. Aponta a necessidade da escola enfrentar e utilizar tais recursos da cultura midiatica, pois já estão presentes na vida de alunos e professores. Detém-se a pensar também na relação entre professor e aluno não mais como mero transmissor de informação, mas sim como criadores e produtores de mensagens. Destaca um modelo crítico e participativo para a inserção da tecnologia educativa na escola.
In this article we discuss the production of genres, mediated Didactic Sequence methodology through which to teach modularly a genre. Our goal is to demonstrate that the teaching of genres developed modularly can assist students in building properly texts. Thus, we describe part of an experiment carried out in a high school public school, in which students of 2nd year produced a movie review to be published in school and in a blog. For this, we base in authors like (Dolz et al., 2010) and (Bronckart, 2007), who consider language as a form of interaction and the genre as a tool through which students are able to develop the capabilities of language. Research shows that the Didactic sequence enabled the students grasp the knowledge required for proper writing addressed genre.
This article aims to deepen studies on the means of social and evangelizing action by Baptist missionaries in old Northern Goiás. It seeks to understand how this space was configured as a stage for important changes in the way women's participation was seen and evaluated within this denomination. Because changes in the organization of social relations always correspond to changes in representations of power, the view of women within the Baptist Church – as well as the way women are viewed in the social world – undergoes a modification from the moment women actively position themselves as missionaries. This deconstructs the conception of women as solely spouse and mother, and substituted it with an idea of women as not just spouse and mother, but also as teacher, missionary and, in certain cases, as single, female missionaries.
The present study investigates the major problems and challenges faced by the Romanian educational system during the last years of Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. My main focus is on the so-called "polytechnic" education as a mean to reform and improve the system, and the debates it generated starting with the late 1970s. Consequently, the paper also examines the evolution of the debate and the top-down and bottom-up projects and initiatives to reform the educational system during the first decade following the collapse of the communist regime in Romania in December 1989. The aim is to present the clashing visions of different actors over the idea of reform and the urge to implement it, nonetheless to reveal the long term deadlock generated by this situation within the Romanian educational system.
The development of the Science Without Borders program, which allowed Brazilian university students to study abroad for a period of time, had some obstacles. One of them was the lack of proficiency in foreign languages among candidates. As a solution to correct it, the program Languages Without Borders (IsF, Portuguese initials) was created. This study aimed to build a theoretical and conceptual understanding of IsF as a public policy. This is a qualitative bibliographic-documentary research, whose sources were documents related to the IsF, information from government databases and others. The theoretical-conceptual framework included Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein and Moran (2006), Majone (1989) and others. The results place IsF as a public policy (as a solution to a public problem) whose creation unfolded in a cycle (planning, implementation, evaluation and conclusion). As such, IsF underwent reformulation to be continued. Continuity is its critical point due to the necessary investments in quality of basic education, development of science and technology. ; universitarios brasileños estudiar temporalmente en el extranjero, tuvo algunos obstáculos como la falta de competencia de los candidatos en hablar idiomas extranjeros. Como solución, se creó el programa "Idiomas sem Fronteiras" (IsF). Este estudio buscó construir una comprensión teórica-conceptual del IsF como política pública. Es una investigación bibliográfica-documental cualitativa basada en documentos del IsF, informaciones gubernamentales y otras. Sus referencias conceptuales fueron Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein y Moran (2006), Majone (1989) y otros. Los resultados muestran el IsF como política pública (solución a un problema público) cuya creación se desarrolló en un ciclo (de elaboración, implementación, evaluación y conclusión). El IsF continua activo después de reformulaciones; pero su continuación aun es crítica porque depende de inversiones en la calidad de la educación básica, en el desarrollo de la ciencia y en la tecnología. ; O desenvolvimento do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras, que permitiu a universitários brasileiros estudarem temporariamente no exterior, teve alguns entraves. Um deles foi a falta de proficiência em idiomas estrangeiros entre os candidatos. Como solução para supri-la, foi criado o programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras (IsF). Este estudo objetivou construir uma compreensão teórico-conceitual do IsF como política pública. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfico-documental cujas fontes foram documentos relativos ao IsF, informações de bases de dados do governo e outras. O referencial teórico-conceitual incluiu Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein e Moran (2006), Majone (1989) e outros. Os resultados situam o IsF como política pública (como solução de problema público) cuja criação se desdobrou em um ciclo (elaboração, implementação, avaliação e conclusão). Como tal, o IsF passou por reformulação para ser continuado. A continuidade é seu ponto crítico em razão dos investimentos necessários em qualidade da educação básica, desenvolvimento das ciências e tecnologia.
Este artigo discute os movimentos de evolução da educação nos últimos séculos, buscando demonstrar como movimentos de democratização e universalização do acesso ao ensino promoveram a inclusão de todas as pessoas nos processos educativos. A escola, tal como a conhecemos, estruturada nos séculos XVIII e XIX sob princípios de exclusão e homogeneização, não parece estar dando conta das demandas de uma educação inclusiva, o que vem impactando as metas de qualidade do conhecimento almejadas pelas sociedades contemporâneas. Esse impasse vem demandando uma reinvenção da educação, que envolve transformações nos conteúdos, na forma e nas relações entre docentes e discentes dentro dos espaços educativos. Como exemplo de caminhos a serem seguidos para reinventar a educação, apresenta-se a estrutura de um curso de especialização que articula metodologias ativas de aprendizagem com novas e diversas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e a preocupação com a ética pessoal e profissional.
Objetivo: conhecer os aspectos abordados pela produção científica em relação à temática da inclusão da pessoa com deficiência nas instituições de ensino. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Medical Literature and Retrivial Sistem on Line, Web of science, SCOPUS e Directory of Open Access Journals. Recorte da busca de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: foram analisados vinte e um artigos. As publicações apresentaram temáticas relacionadas à Políticas de acesso, cotas e currículos e Barreiras e facilitadores da inclusão na educação. Considerações finais: os aspectos abordados pela produção científica evidenciaram que entraves são transversais à vivência dos estudantes em suas experiências acadêmicas. Lacunas curriculares, estereotipação do corpo, crenças, falta de capacitação do corpo docente cerca-nos de evidências de que mais do que quebra de paradigmas diante da pessoa com deficiência, é preciso que existam avanços nas práticas políticas para que barreiras como preconceito, discriminação e segregação não definam as relações humanas.ABSTRACTObjective: to learn what concerns are addressed by scientific production on the theme of inclusion for people with disabilities in educational institutions. Method: this integrative literature review searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on Line, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Directory of Open Access Journals database entries from 2015 to 2019. Results: the twenty-one articles examined addressed themes relating to access policies, quotas and curricula, and barriers and facilitators of inclusion in education. Final considerations: the concerns addressed by the scientific production showed that obstacles are transversal to the students' experience in their academic life. Gaps in curricula, body stereotyping, beliefs, lack of capacity-building for teaching staffs surrounded us with evidence that, more than breaking paradigms regarding people with disabilities, there must be advances in political practices, so that barriers such as prejudice, discrimination, and segregation cease to define human relationships.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer los aspectos abordados por la producción científica en relación con el tema de la inclusión de personas con discapacidad en las instituciones de enseñanza. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos Medical Literature and Retrivial Sistem on Line, Web of science, SCOPUS y Directory of Open Access Journals. Recorte de búsqueda de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: se analizaron veintiún artículos. Las publicaciones presentaron temas relacionados con políticas de acceso, cuotas y currículos y Barreras y facilitadores de la inclusión en la educación. Consideraciones finales: los aspectos abordados por la producción científica mostraron que los obstáculos son transversales a la vivencia de los estudiantes en sus experiencias académicas. Lagunas curriculares, estereotipos del cuerpo, creencias, falta de formación del profesorado nos rodean con evidencias de que, más allá de romper paradigmas ante las personas con discapacidad, son necesarios avances en las prácticas políticas para que barreras como el prejuicio, la discriminación y la segregación no definan las relaciones humanas.
Reports and suggestion documents by international organizations can be analyzed as discursive representations of power exercising, as long as they disclose relations between supranational organizations and their member countries and delimit the meanings of political fields. During the last 40 years, the development reports have been dealing with those fields and their meanings, which have changed permanently. In the context of the Critical Discourse Analysis, this article reconstructs general structure of reports as genres in which meanings rely on the association of topics and indicators. The general conclusion stands that the meaning changes has influenced in a devaluation of the education, in terms of economic development, and a valuation of the science and has determined a parallel existence of both. ; Los informes y documentos de recomendación publicados por las organizaciones internacionales pueden abordarse como representaciones discursivas del ejercicio de poder en tanto que, por un lado, dejan ver la relación entre los países y organizaciones de nivel supranacional y por otro delimitan el significado de los distintos campos de acción política que son su objeto de análisis. Los informes de desarrollo han abordado dichos campos a lo largo de 40 años, en los cuáles sus concepciones han cambiado de manera recurrente. En el marco de análisis crítico del discurso se reconstruye la estructura general de los informes como un género, en el que se asocian temas e indicadores como formas de significación. Se concluye que el cambio de los sentidos de la educación y la ciencia repercute en una devaluación de la primera, en términos del desarrollo, y en una nueva valoración de la segunda, lo cual determina una existencia paralela entre ambas. ; Os relatórios e documentos de recomendação publicados pelas organizações internacionais podem ser abordados como representações discursivas do exercício do poder, quanto, por um lado, mostram a relação entre países e organizações supranacionais e, mesmo asim, definem o significado dos diferentes campos de ação política que são seu objeto de análise. Os relatórios de desenvolvimento abordaram esses campos por 40 anos, nos quais suas concepções mudaram. Com análise crítica do discurso propõe a estrutura geral dos relatórios é reconstruída como um gênero, no qual temas e indicadores são associados como formas de significância. Conclui-se que a mudança nos sentidos da educação e da ciência tem impacto na desvalorização do primeiro, em termos de desenvolvimento, e uma nova avaliação do segundo, que determina uma dupla existência entre os dois.
This paper presents philosophical, pedagogical and political considerations on Ethics and Values in Professional Health Care Practice. The current changes and crises in the world, intensified by economic turmoil, have affected social justice issues affecting health and education. Objectives: to clarify nurses' role in the context of the art to take care of clients both as individuals and community; to urge nurses for attention to laws and codes/norms as established in the profession; and to suggest the application of basic laws of the Philosophy of Art to nursing care. The study presents critical analysis on ethics and values involved in nursing actions and may affect the art of learning-to-be and becoming an expert professional in nursing care. The author's epistemological position is presented to build competencies in the nursing as a health science. ; Tratam-se de considerações filosóficas, pedagógicas e políticas sobre Ética e Valores na Prática Profissional em Saúde. O tema refere-se às mudanças do mundo de hoje, demarcadas por crises econômicas, com questões de justiça social afetando saúde e educação. Objetiva-se clarear a função de enfermeiras/os em âmbito da arte assistencial de cuidar de clientes, em programas de saúde individual e coletiva; exortar enfermeiras/os à atenção às leis e códigos da profissão; sugerir a aplicação de leis básicas da Filosofia da Arte aos cuidados de enfermagem. Análise e crítica de ações profissionais implicadas em ética e valores afetando a arte de aprender-a-ser e de tornar-se profissional proficiente na função de cuidar em enfermagem. A posição da autora tem pertinência epistemológica face ao Saber/Conhecimento de Enfermagem e à resolução de situações de risco a ver com competências de poder-fazer as coisas ou de produzí-las em âmbito de enfermagem como ciência da saúde. ; Consideraciones filosóficas, pedagógicas y políticas sobre Ética y Valores en la Práctica Profesional en Salud. El tema refiere los cambios del mundo actual, marcados por crisis económicas, con cuestiones de justicia social afectando salud y educación. Se objetiva aclarar la función de enfermeros/as en ámbito del arte asistencial de cuidar de pacientes, en programas de salud individual y colectiva; exhortar enfermeras/os a atender leyes y códigos profesionales; sugerir la aplicación de leyes básicas de Filosofía del Arte a la atención de enfermería. Análisis y crítica de acciones profesionales implicadas en ética y valores afectando el arte de aprender-a-ser y de convertirse en profesional proficiente en la función de cuidar en enfermería. La posición de la autora tiene sustento epistemológico frente al Saber/Conocimiento de Enfermería y la resolución de situaciones de riesgo relativas a la competencia de poder-hacer las cosas o producirlas en el ámbito de enfermería como ciencia de salud.
The objective of this article was to analyze the impact of educational policies for highereducation during the Workers' Party/PT governments (2003-2016), regarding the profile of Psychologyundergraduate students in Brazil. This is a documental study, based on microdata from the Census ofHigher Education and the National Examination of Student Performance, referring to the 2015 cycle,released in the public domain by the Ministry of Education. Students from public and private HigherEducation Institutions were selected to compose the final sample of 18,788 students. The analysis wasperformed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21, based on thechi-square test (χ2) of independence and 0.05 significance level (p<0.05). It was observed the access ofa new profile of students coming from families with lower income; with mothers and fathers with lesseducation; coming from public schools; being the first in the family to attend an undergraduate course. In this logic, it is possible to understand the importance of Prouni, Fies and Reuni both in terms ofwidening access and in terms of a certain de-elitization of the profile of Psychology students in Brazil. Itis noteworthy that such a change has been brought about by the boosting of policies to expand access tohigher education, especially those aimed at the private sector (Fies and Prouni). ; El objetivo fue analizar el impacto de las políticas educativas para la educación superior, alo largo de los gobiernos del Partido de los Trabajadores/PT (2003-2016), respecto al perfil de losestudiantes de pregrado de Psicología en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio documental, basado en losmicrodatos del Censo de Educación Superior y del Examen Nacional de Rendimiento Estudiantil,correspondientes al ciclo 2015, liberados en el dominio público por el Ministerio de Educación. Seseleccionaron estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior públicas y privadas para componer lamuestra final de 18.788 estudiantes. El análisis se realizó con el ...
ABSTRACT. Pedagogical guidelines for the education in/of/to the rural areas must be based on the socio-educational development and on a constant dialogue between scientific and empirical knowledge. In this context, our objective is to identify formative interlocutions in the rural/countryside education in undergraduate courses of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, through the analysis of their Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP). This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory approach. It focuses on the theoretical background about rural educational project. It is also a document-based study that has as its source data from Anísio Teixeira Platform, connected to the Ministry of Education, as well as PPP emitted by the higher education institutions. The criteria chosen to establish the study's time frame was the accessibility of the most recent information that were available during the process of information gathering – June, 2020. The results show that twelve of the studied courses had as their formative reference agricultural education – in terms of hegemonic production processes such as agribusiness, adopting a technicist approach. Only five of the studied courses were characterized by a formative framework aimed at the education of the rural areas – encompassing several expressions of rural life, such as family agriculture, peasantry and so forth. These courses make reference not only to these specific methodological approaches, but also to public policies related to this issue. Furthermore, we also identified in the institutions' PPP a chaotic duality of concepts of education in/of the rural areas, on the one hand, and agricultural education on the other; such chaotic mixture of concepts is prone to be reproduced in the praxis of the teachers. ; ABSTRACT. Pedagogical guidelines for the education in/of/to the rural areas must be based on the socio-educational development and on a constant dialogue between scientific and empirical knowledge. In this context, our objective is to identify formative interlocutions in the rural/countryside education in undergraduate courses of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, through the analysis of their Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP). This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory approach. It focuses on the theoretical background about rural educational project. It is also a document-based study that has as its source data from Anísio Teixeira Platform, connected to the Ministry of Education, as well as PPP emitted by the higher education institutions. The criteria chosen to establish the study's time frame was the accessibility of the most recent information that were available during the process of information gathering – June, 2020. The results show that twelve of the studied courses had as their formative reference agricultural education – in terms of hegemonic production processes such as agribusiness, adopting a technicist approach. Only five of the studied courses were characterized by a formative framework aimed at the education of the rural areas – encompassing several expressions of rural life, such as family agriculture, peasantry and so forth. These courses make reference not only to these specific methodological approaches, but also to public policies related to this issue. Furthermore, we also identified in the institutions' PPP a chaotic duality of concepts of education in/of the rural areas, on the one hand, and agricultural education on the other; such chaotic mixture of concepts is prone to be reproduced in the praxis of the teachers. ; RESUMEN. Las pautas de acción pedagógica dirigidas a la educación rural deben basarse en la construcción socioeducativa en constante diálogo entre el conocimiento científico y el empírico. En este contexto, se pretende identificar las interlocuciones formativas respecto a la educación rural en los cursos de graduación en Ciencias Agrarias en Brasil a través del análisis de los Proyectos Político Pedagógicos (PPP). La investigación es cualitativa, descriptiva y de enfoque exploratorio, sobre el marco teórico del proyecto educativo rural y campesino. Y documental, tomando como fuente los datos de la Plataforma Anísio Teixeira, del Ministerio de Educación, y los PPP emitidos por las instituciones de educación superior. El criterio para determinar el rango de tiempo del estudio se basó en la accesibilidad de la última información disponible en el momento de la recogida, junio de 2020. Los resultados indican que, de los doce cursos investigados, todos se refieren a la formación en educación agrícola, y cinco de ellos presentaron características para la formación de la educación campesina, citando no sólo los enfoques metodológicos para esta formación, sino también el eje de las políticas públicas vinculadas al tema. Asimismo, se observa la dualidad desordenada de conceptos, de concepciones sobre la enseñanza en contexto rural y la educación agrícola establecidas en los PPP y que tienden a reproducirse en la praxis de los educadores. ; ABSTRACT. Pedagogical guidelines for the education in/of/to the rural areas must be based on the socio-educational development and on a constant dialogue between scientific and empirical knowledge. In this context, our objective is to identify formative interlocutions in the rural/countryside education in undergraduate courses of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, through the analysis of their Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP). This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory approach. It focuses on the theoretical background about rural educational project. It is also a document-based study that has as its source data from Anísio Teixeira Platform, connected to the Ministry of Education, as well as PPP emitted by the higher education institutions. The criteria chosen to establish the study's time frame was the accessibility of the most recent information that were available during the process of information gathering – June, 2020. The results show that twelve of the studied courses had as their formative reference agricultural education – in terms of hegemonic production processes such as agribusiness, adopting a technicist approach. Only five of the studied courses were characterized by a formative framework aimed at the education of the rural areas – encompassing several expressions of rural life, such as family agriculture, peasantry and so forth. These courses make reference not only to these specific methodological approaches, but also to public policies related to this issue. Furthermore, we also identified in the institutions' PPP a chaotic duality of concepts of education in/of the rural areas, on the one hand, and agricultural education on the other; such chaotic mixture of concepts is prone to be reproduced in the praxis of the teachers. ; As diretrizes da ação pedagógica voltada à educação do campo para o campo devem estar pautadas na construção socioeducativa em diálogo constante com os saberes científicos e empíricos. Nesse contexto, objetiva-se identificar interlocuções formativas à educação do campo/rural para o campo nos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Agrícolas/Agrárias no Brasil por meio da análise de seus Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs). A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória, cujo referencial teórico tem como foco o projeto educacional rural e do campo, bem como documental, cujas fontes foram obtidas na Plataforma do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, no site do Ministério da Educação e nos PPPs emitidos pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) pesquisadas. O critério ao determinar o recorte temporal do estudo foi baseado na acessibilidade das últimas informações disponibilizadas no momento da coleta, ou seja, junho de 2020. Os resultados apontam que dos doze cursos investigados, todos se referem à formação para o ensino agrícola, sendo que cinco deles apresentaram características para a formação da educação do campo, citando não somente as abordagens metodológicas para essa formação, como também o eixo das políticas públicas vinculadas ao tema. Constatou-se a dualidade desordenada de conceitos e de concepções de educação do campo/rural e de ensino agrícola, estabelecidos nos PPPs, cuja reprodução tende a estar presente nas práxis dos educadores. Palavras-chave: educação do campo, ensino rural, licenciatura em ciências agrárias. Formative interlocutions in the Political-Pedagogical Projects of undergraduate courses of Agricultural/Agrarian Sciences in Brazil ABSTRACT. Pedagogical guidelines for the education in/of/to the rural areas must be based on the socio-educational development and on a constant dialogue between scientific and empirical knowledge. In this context, our objective is to identify formative interlocutions in the rural/countryside education in undergraduate courses of Agricultural Sciences in Brazil, through the analysis of their Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP). This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory approach. It focuses on the theoretical background about rural educational project. It is also a document-based study that has as its source data from Anísio Teixeira Platform, connected to the Ministry of Education, as well as PPP emitted by the higher education institutions. The criteria chosen to establish the study's time frame was the accessibility of the most recent information that were available during the process of information gathering – June, 2020. The results show that twelve of the studied courses had as their formative reference agricultural education – in terms of hegemonic production processes such as agribusiness, adopting a technicist approach. Only five of the studied courses were characterized by a formative framework aimed at the education of the rural areas – encompassing several expressions of rural life, such as family agriculture, peasantry and so forth. These courses make reference not only to these specific methodological approaches, but also to public policies related to this issue. Furthermore, we also identified in the institutions' PPP a chaotic duality of concepts of education in/of the rural areas, on the one hand, and agricultural education on the other; such chaotic mixture of concepts is prone to be reproduced in the praxis of the teachers. Keywords: countryside education, rural education, licenciate degree in agricultural sciences. Interlocuciones formativas comprendidas en los Proyectos Político Pedagógicos de los Cursos de Grado en Ciencias Agrícolas/Agrarias en Brasil RESUMEN. Las pautas de acción pedagógica dirigidas a la educación rural deben basarse en la construcción socioeducativa en constante diálogo entre el conocimiento científico y el empírico. En este contexto, se pretende identificar las interlocuciones formativas respecto a la educación rural en los cursos de graduación en Ciencias Agrarias en Brasil a través del análisis de los Proyectos Político Pedagógicos (PPP). La investigación es cualitativa, descriptiva y de enfoque exploratorio, sobre el marco teórico del proyecto educativo rural y campesino. Y documental, tomando como fuente los datos de la Plataforma Anísio Teixeira, del Ministerio de Educación, y los PPP emitidos por las instituciones de educación superior. El criterio para determinar el rango de tiempo del estudio se basó en la accesibilidad de la última información disponible en el momento de la recogida, junio de 2020. Los resultados indican que, de los doce cursos investigados, todos se refieren a la formación en educación agrícola, y cinco de ellos presentaron características para la formación de la educación campesina, citando no sólo los enfoques metodológicos para esta formación, sino también el eje de las políticas públicas vinculadas al tema. Asimismo, se observa la dualidad desordenada de conceptos, de concepciones sobre la enseñanza en contexto rural y la educación agrícola establecidas en los PPP y que tienden a reproducirse en la praxis de los educadores. Palabras clave: educación en el campo, enseñanza rural, grado en ciencias agrarias.
Neste artigo, analisamos a complexa relação entre políticas de promoção de igualdade racial e programas de distribuição de livros didáticos. O estudo ancora-se numa perspectiva crítica de educação que analisa livros didáticos e a literatura infanto-juvenil como artefatos de currículo. Discutimos a articulação entre movimentos sociais negros e aparelhos estatais e sua possível relação com mudanças nos editais do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. Tais editais mantêm prescrições de caráter genérico e negativo, mas também contêm formulações propositivas e específicas, afirmando que os livros devem promover a valorização dos diferentes segmentos étnico-raciais da sociedade brasileira. Discutimos resultados de pesquisas sobre relações entre negros e brancos em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa, história, geografia e ciências. Os resultados são considerados preliminares e apontam mais para a permanência do que para mudanças nos discursos dos livros que hierarquizam brancos e negros, sendo mais notáveis as mudanças em livros de ciências. Analisamos, ainda, resultados de desenhos e entrevistas sobre a rememoração de imagens do negro em livros didáticos por estudantes negros de 5ª a 7ª série. Os discursos racistas constantes nos livros didáticos são percebidos pelos estudantes e causam constrangimento e mal-estar, ou seja, atuam como uma das formas de racismo institucional presentes nas escolas e podem ter parcela de participação nos resultados piores que o alunado negro aufere no ensino. Uma vez que as mudanças nos livros são tênues, os alunos negros clamaram por mudanças expressivas com veemência. ; In this paper we analyze the complex relationship between policies intended to promote racial equality and programs aimed at free distribution of textbooks. The study is based on a critical educational perspective that analyzes textbooks and the literature for the children and the young as curriculum artifacts. We discuss the articulation between black social movements and government apparatuses and their possible relation with changes in the calls for bids set forth by the National Textbook Program. Such calls for bids utilize prescriptions of generic and negative character, but they also contain specific propositional formulations, which require that textbooks have to promote the appreciation of the several ethnic/racial segments existing in the Brazilian society. We discuss the results of research on the relations between black and white people in textbooks used in subjects such as Portuguese, history, geography and science. Results are considered preliminary and point more to permanence than to change in the discourses of textbooks which establish a hierarchy between whites and blacks; and changes are more remarkable in science textbooks. We also analyze the results of drawings and interviews about the recollection of images of black people appearing in textbooks by black students in 5th through the 7th grade. Black students are aware of the racist discourses contained in textbooks and they cause embarrassment and malaise, that is, such contents serve as a sort of institutional racism present in the schools and may have a share in the worse academic achievement that affect black students in education. Since the changes in the textbooks are subtle, black students vehemently claimed for significant changes.
A pesquisa examinará o impacto que o uso de software livre pode trazer sobre a eficácia e eficiência de recursos educacionais abertos (REA). A primeira hipótese de trabalho é que o uso associado de SL afeta positivamente essas variáveis; a segunda hipótese é que esse impacto (e particularmente sua relação custo-benefício para os atores envolvidos) variará significativamente de acordo com o tipo de atividade ou iniciativa relacionada a REA: criação, organização, disseminação e utilização de REA. A pesquisa consistirá em uma análise teórica sobre as relações entre software livre e REA, e no levantamento e análise de dados empíricos sobre softwares e iniciativas de REA em cada uma dessas quatro categorias. A pesquisa buscará ainda identificar outros fatores que afetem essas variáveis (como o envolvimento da comunidade, a adequação dos materiais para a realidade local, a existência de suporte institucional etc.), de forma a contribuir para a formulação de políticas públicas e de estrategias educacionais ligadas a REA.