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This paper reviews the small but growing literature on intergenerational educational mobility in the developing world. Education is a critical determinant of economic well-being, and it predicts a range of non-pecuniary outcomes such as marriage, fertility, health, crime, and political attitudes. We show that developing nations feature stronger intergenerational educational persistence than high-income countries, in spite of substantial educational expansion in the last decades. We consider variations in mobility across gender and region, and discuss the macro-level correlates of educational mobility in developing countries. The paper also discusses the literatures on (i) concepts and measures of educational mobility, (ii) theoretical perspectives to understand educational persistence across generations, (iii) the role that education plays in the economic mobility process, and (iv) differences in the type and quality of education as vehicles for intergenerational persistence, and it applies these literatures to understand educational mobility in the developing world.

AbstractUsing data from the General Social Survey (2011), this study examines trends in the intergenerational persistence in education in Canada for the birth cohorts 1940 through 1989. The study estimates a correlation coefficient between children's and fathers' number of years of education attained. The study finds that, over the period of study, the correlation coefficient increased slightly for sons while it decreased for daughters. Decomposition of the correlation coefficient shows that sons with less educated fathers are still very likely to be less educated. However, for daughters, there is less persistence at the lower end of fathers' education distribution.

Diese Studie untersucht Unterschiede in der Bildungsmobilität der türkischen zweiten Generation in Österreich, Frankreich und Schweden. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass Bildungsungleichheiten am deutlichsten in Österreich hervortreten; unverkennbare Benachteiligungen für die 2. Generation türkischer Herkunft sich auch in Frankreich feststellen lassen, während sie in Schweden am geringsten ausfallen. Zur Erklärung dieser Länderunterschiede wird in dieser Arbeit auf die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den individuellen Einflussfaktoren und den institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen im jeweiligen Einwanderungsland eingegangen, welche den unterschiedlichen Grad der Bildungsmobilität determinieren. ; This definitive study investigates the variations in educational mobility of Turkish second-generation immigrants in France, Austria and Sweden. The findings show that differences are most pronounced in the Austrian education system, can be seen clearly in France and are least pronounced in Sweden. Schnell underscores the importance of both individual characteristics and institutional ones, but the institutional arrangements of education systems are found to matter more for the outcome of this mobility process.

We employ 2011 European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for Austria to perform Markovian mobility matrix analysis and uni- and multivariate econometric analysis to study intergenerational educational mobility by gender and migration background. We find that the educational attainment of girls and migrants relative to their parents is less mobile than for boys and natives. Further, the immobility of educational attainment is enhanced by the intersection of these identities: migrant girls are the least educationally mobile group and are especially likely to follow their mothers' educational footsteps, while native boys are the most mobile, especially compared to their mothers.

AbstractWe investigate long‐term trends in intergenerational educational mobility in a lower middle‐income transition economy. We draw on evidence from Kyrgyzstan using data from three household surveys collected in 1993, 1998 and 2011. We find that Kyrgyzstan, like Eastern European middle‐income transition economies, maintained high educational mobility, comparable to levels during the Soviet era. However, we find that the younger cohorts, exposed to the transition during their school years, experienced a rapid decline in educational mobility. We also document that gender differences in schooling and educational mobility, found among older‐aged individuals, disappeared in the younger cohorts.