Suchergebnisse

Publikacja współfinansowana przez Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach ; The presented book provides a comparative analysis of new political parties in the party systems of the Visegrad Group countries. The primary aim of analysis is to define the factors which have impact on gaining parliamentary representation by new parties in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Research on new political parties in these countries seems to be especially important for at least two reasons. Firstly, due to differences in social and political conditions, it is impossible to uncritically adapt the theoretical models made in western democracies. This stems from short tradition of functioning of democratic institutions in Central and Eastern Europe (also in V4 countries) which shaped the specific pattern of emerging of new political parties, diametrically opposed to patterns formed in consolidated democracies. On the basis of this pattern, two types of groupings can be distinguished: Old Regime parties and New Regime parties. The first type has personal or organizational ties to the previous communist regime, while the second one descends from anti-communist opposition. Secondly, in the case of the former Eastern bloc, indicators describing the party systems (e.g the electoral volatility index or the effective number of parties) do not provide full information about their real dynamics, because in conditions of weak institutionalization of political parties, changes in configuration on the political scene usually occur within the party system (as a result of mergers, splits or transformations of political parties). For this reason, it is worth analysing changes in the parliamentary arena resulting from the transfer of electoral preferences to new extra-parliamentary political entities.

The following draft of the Code aims to regulate investment processes in the field of local planning and spatial development (urban planning) as well as in the field of architecture and construction.

This article concerns the evolution of the party system and the political scene of Bulgaria after the system transformations. The foundations of this analysis are the results of the elections to the National Assembly in the years 1990-2017. In order to identify the type of the party system, official election results and the effective number of parties index (ENP) were used. This index was used to characterise the party system after 2001. Some conditions from communism time had an influence on the shape and kind of how the Bulgarian party system and political scene evolved after system transformation. Between 1990-2001 in Bulgaria, a two-block or two and a half-block party system existed. From 2001 it evolves in the direction of a multiparty system.

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie wielości i różnorodności partii węgier­skich funkcjonujących w latach 1990-1998 w systemie partyjnym Słowacji, a zatem przed powstaniem w 1998 r. Partii Węgierskiej Koalicji - Strana mad'arskej koalicie (SMK). Tekst ten koncentruje się na odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) kim byli ich liderzy i elita partyjna - czy można mówić o ciągłości personalnej reprezentacji mniejszości od 1990; oraz 2) kto głosował na poszczególne partie mniejszości węgierskiej. Wąt­kiem marginalnym, będzie refleksja na temat, jakie miejsce zajmowały analizowane partie w układzie rywalizacyjnym. Tekst też próbuje odpowiedź na pytanie, czy po­wstanie SMK oznaczało intensyfikację konfliktu narodowościowego w słowackim systemie partyjnym. ; The aim of the article is to show the multiplicity and diversity of Hungarian ethnic parties existing in the years 1990-1998 within the party system of Slovakia, before the emergence of the Hungarian Coalition Party - Strana mad'arskej koalicie (SMK) in 1998. This text focuses on answering the following questions: (1) who were the parties' leaders and elites, and whether it is justified to talk about the continuity of personal representation of minorities since 1990; and (2) who voted for different Hun­garian minority parties and whether their unification into the SMK brought with it an electoral bonus. An additional aspect of this is the position of the analyzed parties in the competitive system. The text also tries to answer the question of whether the creation of the SMK led to an intensification of the national split within the Slovakian party system.