Suchergebnisse

Visoke i rastuće regionalne ekonomske nejednakosti u Hrvatskoj uz »parcijalnu decentralizaciju« sustava socijalne skrbi rezultirale su porastom socijalnih nejednakosti među hrvatskim građanima. Spomenuti procesi rezultirali su situacijom da se jedno od temeljnih načela socijalne države i socijalne politike kao što je načelo jednakosti sve više narušava. Navedeno ima za posljedicu da razina ostvarenja socijalnih prava građana u Hrvatskoj u sve većoj mjeri ovise o mjestu stanovanja i socioekonomskom statusu. Navedena tvrdnja je središnja hipoteza rada koja je eksplicirana analizom dostupnosti institucionalne skrbi za starije osobe po županijama u Hrvatskoj i lokalnih socijalnih programa izabrane četiri jedinice lokalne samouprave. Provedena analiza pokazala je značajnu razinu međužupanijskih nejednakosti u dostupnosti institucionalne skrbi za starije te isto tako analizom izdvajanja i strukture lokalnih socijalnih programa demonstrirala da je stupanj ostvarenja socijalnih prava građana Hrvatske u značajnoj mjeri neujednačen i ovisan o mjestu stanovanja i socioekonomskom statusu. Uzroci za navedenu situaciju nalaze se u neuspješnim politikama ujednačavanja regionalnog razvoja i parcijalno provedenoj decentralizaciji sustava socijalne skrbi. Zaključno poglavlje donosi određene preporuke za nositelje ekonomske i socijalne politike kojima bi se demonstrirane i rastuće socijalne nejednakosti hrvatskih građana potencijalno ublažile. ; High and increasing regional economic inequality with 'partial decentralization' of social welfare system in Croatia resulted in an increase of social inequality among Croatian citizens. The aforementioned processes resulted in a situation in which one of fundamental principles of social welfare and social policy, such as the principle of equality, is being seriously impaired. The result of that is that the realization of social rights of citizens in Croatia is increasingly dependent on the place of residence and socio-economic status. This claim is a central hypothesis of the paper which was demonstrated by analyzing the availability of institutional care for the elderly by county in Croatia and an analysis of local social programs of four selected units of local self-government. The analysis demonstrated a significant level of inter-county disparities in the availability of institutional care for the elderly and the analysis of local social programs has shown that the degree of realization of social rights of Croatian citizens is largely uneven and dependent on the place of residence and socio-economic status. The causes for that situation had come from the unsuccessful policies of harmonization of regional development and partial decentralization of the social welfare system. The final chapter provides specific recommendations for economic and social policy makers with potential positive effects which would decrease social inequality of Croatian citizens in the future.

Temelj socijalne države čini sustav socijalne zaštite i sigurnosti. U operativno-metodološkom kontekstu radi se o troškovima socijalne sigurnosti. Jedna od najvećih stavki odnosi se na mirovine, kao (naj)veće komponente ukupnih izdataka za socijalne prestacije u svim zemljama Europske unije, pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Namjera rada nije ulaziti u analizu postojećeg mirovinskog sustava, namjera je konstatirati da pritisak davanja za mirovine uvjetovan pogoršanjem odnosa broja zaposlenih i broja umirovljenika nije zaobišao ni Republiku Hrvatsku, što je rezultiralo novim izazovima i pitanjima koje treba riješiti. Jedno od pitanja koje je predmet rada jest može li potrošački stečaj kao mjera sa socijalnim obilježjem kompenzirati negativne posljedice većeg broja umirovljenika i manjih mirovina u slučaju da se kod starijih osoba javi potreba za njegovim pokretanjem. ; System of social protection and security represent basis of social (welfare) state. In the operational- methodological context, it is about social security costs. One of the largest items refers to pensions, as the (largest) component of total expenditures for social benefits in all countries of the European Union, including the Republic of Croatia. The intention of this paper is not to enter into the analysis of the existing pension system, but to state that the pressure of pension payments due to the deteriorating ratio of employees and retirees has not bypassed the Republic of Croatia, which has resulted in new challenges and issues to be addressed. One of the questions, that is the main subject of the paper, is whether consumer bankruptcy as a measure with a social feature can compensate for the negative consequences of a larger number of pensioners and lower pensions in the situation that the elderly need to initiate it.

The great story of don Quijote is the first novel in the literary West which attempts to restore the lost gestures (of mercy, chivalry, generosity, morality, & politicality as common interest), or rather bring them within the range of remembrance of the new epoch. Or, in the words of G. Agamben, "it tries for the last time to evoke that which threatens to elude it forever." The insanity of the epoch is manifest primarily through the insanity related to "loss of control over the gestures"; thus a demented gesticulation with absolute gestures of power becomes a universal symptom. It is precisely to this insanity of his time that the insane don Quijote responds with imagined or imaginary pure gestures of pure chivalry. This is the code of don Quijote's insanity: everyone claims that he alone is insane, but no one is aware that they themselves have fallen into the trap of insanity. The historical events testify to this fall into insanity, to the forgetting of every genuine chivalrous gesture, first & foremost towards adversaries, women, children, the elderly & the politically deprived. The end of religious tolerance is connected with the collapse of chivalrous idealism. The unhappy or lost mankind has lost its gestures of chivalry, morality & politicality, & this is the hour of the cruel world of outright political violence. The center of this world of dismay is the court as "the court of death," as the image of "evil giants" & "colossuses" which it sends forth from its deadly womb as the sole life-forces. Presently the court spreads the seed of wizardry as the seed of death to all corners of the world, as well as all arbitrary powers, from wizarding to nuclear, both in the present & in the future. Adapted from the source document.

Autor razmatra politički profil Alternative za Njemačku kako bi pridonio razumijevanju njezine pojave u političkom životu Njemačke. Analizom izbornih programa provjerava njezin položaj na osi lijevo-desno te stavove o europskim integracijama, nacionalizmu i multikulturalizmu, te o ekonomskoj politici i demokraciji. Multivarijantnom regresijskom analizom ispituje prediktivnu snagu konfesionalnih, dobnih, obrazovnih, migracijskih i ekonomskih obilježja izbornih okruga u objašnjenju varijacije u postotku glasova. Istraživanjem biografskih obilježja članova vodstva stranke testira se pretpostavljena zajednička demografska i ideološka pozadina stranačke elite. Pokazalo se da Alternativa za Njemačku odudara od stavova drugih stranaka u gledanjima na Europsku uniju, nacionalizam, multikulturalizam i ekonomsku politiku, ali ne odskače značajno na osi lijevo-desno, kao ni prema stavovima o demokraciji. Za predikciju glasovanja za tu stranku najvažnijima su se pokazala regionalna (rascjep istok-zapad), dobna i ekonomska obilježja izbornih okruga. Biografska analiza stranačke elita otkriva visok postotak bivših članova njemačkih demokršćanskih stranaka, te prevlast starijih visokoobrazovanih muškaraca u njoj. ; This paper analyzes the political profile of the Alternative for Germany to contribute to the understanding of its emergence in the German political life. An analysis of electoral manifestos tests the party's left-right position, stances on European integration, nationalism, and multiculturalism as well as on economic policy and democracy. A multiple regression analysis examines the predictive power of religion, age, education, migration, and economic status as characteristics of electoral districts explaining the variation in the party's vote percentage. An assessment of biographies of the party's leadership tests the presumed common demographic and ideologic background of the party elite. The article shows that new party differs from other German parties regarding the EU, nationalism, and multiculturalism, and economic policy, yet does not represent an outlier on the left-right scale, nor in its stance on democracy. The study of predictors of the vote for the Alternative for Germany has shown that regional (East/West cleavage), age and economic characteristics of electoral districts hold most importance. The biographic analysis of the party elite reveals a high percentage of previous CDU/CSU members and a dominance of elderly, well-educated men.

Ostvarivanje ljudskih prava u starosti znači prije svega skrb za kvalitetu života osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti i sprječavanje diskriminacije na osnovi starosti i bolesti. U ovome radu analiziramo najkvalitetnije instrumente zaštite ljudskih prava oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti, a koji se temelje na načelima autonomije, samoodređenja i najboljeg interesa oboljele osobe. Takvi se zahtjevi najbolje mogu ostvariti u sustavima koji predviđaju više različitih modaliteta zaštite oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti. Pravni status skrbnika i odlučivanje o pravima, interesima i potrebama osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti uz podršku, informirani pristanak oboljele osobe na medicinski tretman i/ili istraživanje o samoj bolesti kao i mogućnost sklapanja anticipirane naredbe instrumenti su zaštite njihovih ljudskih prava. Život osoba treće dobi reguliran je zakonskim mjerama i politikama koje nisu posebno okrenute njihovim potrebama, te u svojoj suštini krše temeljna ljudska prava, osobito kada je riječ o osobama oboljelima od Alzheimerove bolesti. Palijativna skrb jedna je od tih mjera koje treba smatrati temeljnim ljudskim pravom oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti. ; The management of human rights in old age primarily refers to providing care related to the quality of life of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and preventing discrimination on the basis of age and illness. This paper analyses the best instruments for the protection of human rights of those suffering from Alzheimer's disease based on the principles of autonomy, self-determination, and the patient's best interests. Such requirements can best be met in systems providing several various forms of protection for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The legal status of caregivers and making decisions regarding the rights, interests, and needs of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease with the support, informed consent of the patient to medical treatment, and/or research of the disease itself, as well as the option of anticipated disposition, are all instruments for the protection of their human rights. The life of the elderly is regulated by legal measures and policies which are not directly focused on their needs and inherently violate basic human rights, especially in the case of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Palliative care is one of the measures which should be considered a basic human right of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

Overall changes in political, social and economic spheres in Serbia, along with ongoing demographic processes, have affected various policies and all aspects of people's lives, including system(s) of care. While care became an important analytical concept and category of social policy analysis internationally, it has not been systematically applied in the analysis of the Serbian welfare state. Incorporation of care in welfare state analysis is much needed as its organisation in the national context reveals a lot about the nature of the welfare state, changes in its socio-institutional arrangements and, most importantly, the effects of provision. This article thus aims to outline the evolution of childcare and eldercare policies in Serbia over the last decade, employing the concept of the care diamond developed by Shahra Razavi, which allows examining the "architecture" through which the care is provided: families/households, markets, the state and the voluntary sector. By analysing the prevalent care policy "architecture" for children and the elderly in Serbia and the roles of different sectors in that respect, as well as by identifying similarities and differences in the provision of childcare and eldercare in the national context, the article exposes developments and current state in childcare and eldercare provision in Serbia. The analysis indicates the profound role of the informal sphere in both care systems in Serbia, childcare and eldercare. Some differences between the two care domains could also be noted. These relate to the configuration of welfare sectors involved in care provision, revealing the modified shape of the care diamond in the case of childcare. That is, while all four sectors are involved in providing care in the case of eldercare forming an eldercare diamond, this is not the case with childcare. In the latter case, the voluntary, nonprofit sector does not exist as a care provider in Serbia, with childcare "architecture" having a shape of a care triangle. In light of this evidence, the role of families and the voluntary, nonprofit sector should be taken into account in future planning and funding of policies as well as in their implementation. ; Sveukupne promjene u političkoj, socijalnoj i ekonomskoj sferi u Srbiji, zajedno s kontinuiranim demografskim procesima, utjecali su na razne politike i sve aspekte života ljudi, uključujući sustav(e) skrbi. Iako je skrb postala važan analitički koncept i kategorija analiza socijalne politike u međunarodnom kontekstu, ona još nije sustavno primijenjena u analizi srpske socijalne države. Uvrštenje skrbi u analizu socijalne države nužno je potrebno jer njezina organizacija u nacionalnom kontekstu otkriva mnogo o prirodi socijalne države, promjenama u socio-institucionalnom uređenju i, što je najvažnije, učincima pružanja skrbi. Rad nastoji izložiti evoluciju politike skrbi za djecu i skrbi za starije u Sbiji tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća, koristeći koncept četverokuta socijalne skrbi koje je razvila Shahra Razavi, a koji omogućuje analizu ˝arhitekture˝ unutar koje se socijalna skrb pruža: obitelji/kućanstva, tržišta, država i dobrovoljni sektor. Analizom prevladavajuće ˝arhitekturu˝ politike skrbi za djecu i starije osobe u Srbiji i uloge različitih sektora u tom pogledu, kao i identifikacijom sličnosti i razlika u pružanju skrbi za djecu i za starije osobe u nacionalnom kontekstu, rad prikazuje razvoj i sadašnje stanje u pružanju skrbi za djecu i starije osobe u Srbiji. Analiza ukazuje na bitnu ulogu neformalne sfere u oba sustava skrbi u Srbiji, skrbi za djecu i skrbi za starije osobe. Isto tako, mogu se uočiti neke razlike između dviju domena skrbi. One se odnose na konfiguraciju sektora socijalne skrbi uključenog u pružanje skrbi i otkrivaju modificirani oblik četverokuta socijalne skrbi u slučaju skrbi za djecu. Drugim riječima, iako su sva četiri sektora uključena u pružanje skrbi za starije osobe tvoreći četverokut socijalne skrbi, to nije slučaj u pogledu skrbi za djecu. U potonjem slučaju dobrovoljni, neprofitni sektor ne postoji kao pružatelj skrbi u Srbiji, te ˝arhitektura˝ ima oblik trokuta socijalne srbi. U kontekstu ovih dokaza, uloga obitelji i dobrovoljnog, neprofitnog sektora trebala bi se uzeti u obzir u budućem planiranju i financiranju politika, kao i u njihovoj primjeni.

Uvod: Moždani udar ima visoku smrtnost kako u svjetskim okvirima tako i kod nas. Značajno financijski opterećuje kako republički tako i županijske zavode za zdravstveno osiguranje. Glavnina bolesnika ostaje trajnim invalidima, a uz velika financijska izdvajanja i upornu fizikalnu terapiju oporavi se mali broj bolesnika (jedna trećina). Osim medicinskog osoblja koje sudjeluje u tretmanu bolesnika oboljelih od MU, veliku ulogu u oporavku imaju obitelj i bolesnikovo šire i daljnje okruženje. Cilj rada: je utvrditi broj i distribuciju bolesnika liječenih od moždanog udara u 2017. godini, procijeniti ishode liječenja te utvrditi vrstu antikoagulantne terapije na otpustu. Definirati i analizirati faktore rizika s osvrtom na primarnu i sekundarnu prevenciju. Procijeniti postojeću skrb bolesnika, uz definiranje mjesta i uloge medicinske sestre. Metode: Ciljni parametri prikupljeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije koja je nastala tijekom liječenja bolesnika. Varijable, prikupljene iz elektronskih otpusnih pisama unesene su u elektronički zapis ispitanika u program Microsoft Excel, po posebno izrađenoj tablici podataka. Rezultati: Sudjelovalo je 167 bolesnika, 86 žena (51,50%) i 81 muškaraca (48,50%). Najzastupljeniji faktori rizika bili su hiperlipidemija i hipertenzija, fibrilacija atrija i dob iznad 70 godina. Od moždanog udara 2017. god. umrlo je 45 bolesnika (26,90%), više muških (53,30%), s neurološkim deficitom ostalo je 56 bolesnika (33,50%), više muških (53,60%), a djelomično ili potpuno oporavljenih je bilo 66 (27,00%), više kod žena (59,00%). U tretmanu fibrilacije atrija (67,00%), mali dio bolesnika je na Warfarinu i NOACs, 88 njih (52,30%) u odnosu na 134 na acetilsalicilnoj kiselini (80,20%). Postoji statistički značajna razlika u vrsti i broju čimbenika rizika MU u odnosu na dob i spol ispitanika. Stariji bolesnici skloniji su većoj smrtnosti. Muški spol je faktor rizika i među muškarcima veća je ukupna smrtnost. Zaključak: Prepoznavanje i sustavno provođenje politike unaprjeđenja i očuvanja zdravlja uz aktivnosti na području primarne, specijalističke i bolničke zdravstvene zaštite osnovni su preduvjeti postizanja uspjeha u prevenciji moždanog udara. U stvaranju takvog okruženja nužna je suradnja zdravstva s drugim strukturama javnog života. ; Introduction: Stroke has high mortality both in the world and in us. Significantly financially burdens both the republic and county health insurance bureaus. The majority of the patients remain with permanent invalids, and with a small amount of financial resources and persistent physical therapy, a small number of patients (one-third) recover. In addition to the medical staff involved in the treatment of patients with MU, a major role in recovery has the family and the patient's wider and further environment. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the number and distribution of stroke patients in 2017, to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment and to determine with whom the patients were relieved from the department (antiagregation, new oral anticoagulants, warfarin). Also, risk factors will be defined and analyzed with reference to primary and secondary stroke prevention. Existing patient care will be evaluated, along with the definition of the nurses' place and role in the treatment of this type of patient. Methods: Target parameters were collected from medical documentation that was generated during patient treatment. Variables, collected from electronic resignation letters were submitted to the electronic record of the respondents in the Microsoft Excel program by a specially made data table. Results: A total of 167 patients, 86 women (51.50%) and 81 males (48.50%) participated in the study. The most frequent risk factors were hyperlipidemia and hypertension, more frequent in the male population, while atrial fibrillation and age over 70 were more common in women. From a stroke in 2017, 45 patients (26.90%), more males (53.30%) died, with 56 (33.50%), more male (53.60%), and partially or completely recovered, with a neurological deficit 66 (27.00%), more in women (59.00%). In the atrial fibrillation treatment (67.00%), as the most frequent risk factor, a small part of the patients were on Warfarin and NOAC, 88 (52.30%) versus 134 on acetylsalicylic acid (80.20%). Research has shown that there is a statistically significant difference in the type and number of stroke risk factors in relation to age and sex of respondents. It has been found that elderly patients with greater comorbidity are more likely to be more mortally affected. It was also found that the male gender risk factor in the investigated population and that in the male population the total mortality was higher. Conclusion: Recognizing and systematically implementing a general policy of improving and preserving health as well as activities in the area of primary, specialist and hospital health care are the basic preconditions for achieving success in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases. In creating such an environment, it is necessary to co-operate with other sectors of public life.