In the last few years, unprecedented challenges and new social risks are testing the capacity of welfare policies implemented by many European countries to provide responses to emerging needs. The general economical and social crisis brings to the unyielding need for a recalibration mechanism between long-term care policies and public spending, as well as the recovery of different and new parameters of efficiency, sustainability and inclusion of interventions and welfare benefits. In recent years, the experiences of new care technologies based on ICTs have become increasingly widespread throughout Europe. Indeed, many studies document that the sustainability of the welfare services also goes through the promotion and implementation of specific technological devices and tools (which fall within the so called new care technologies – NCTs – or welfare technology – WT –) in the healthcare field. The aim of the research is to investigate the field of the wefare technology, studying in particular the changes at institutional level, including services' organization through the experiences in the norwegian municipality of Grimstad.
Dottorato di ricerca in Economia e territorio ; La tesi prende il via da una ricerca qualitativa e quantitativa condotta nei centri sociali anziani autogestiti della provincia di Viterbo, affiliati ANCeSCAO, su di un campione di 393 soci. La presenza del capitale sociale (da adesso cs) è stata declinata nelle relazioni fra salute, felicità, fiducia e il "capability approach" di Amartya Sen, considerato come una forma di cs. L'indagine dimostra relazioni tendenziali fra cs e salute, evidenziate da una riduzione di farmaci e ricoveri, e una relazione significativa tra felicità e cs, considerando che la media nel Lazio sulla soddisfazione della propria vita è al 31%, nel campione ANCeSCAO è al 55%. Nel rapporto tra fiducia specifica e generalizzata: pur essendo bassa la fiducia "istituzionale", la stessa non impedisce il "civic engagment", rilevabile dalla disponibilità ad aiutare la comunità locale (65%) e dal voto alle ultime elezioni politiche (89%). Risulta confermato anche l'approccio delle capability, per cui l'ambiente sociale e l'aumento delle conoscenze/competenze ha un ruolo sulla libertà e sul benessere degli individui. Dalla ricerca appare, invece, smentita l'idea che un cs di tipo "bonding" sia da ostacolo allo sviluppo, infatti, gli iscritti ai centri anziani, oltre ad aiutare gli altri iscritti, sono inseriti in maniera cruciale nel territorio, favorendone la coesione, ma anche aiutando finanziariamente altre associazioni locali, o contribuendo a ridurre il disagio di eventi castrofici, con una raccolte fondi. Gli approcci teorici che vedrebbero i mondi associativi esaurire la portata sociale al loro interno, non sono confermati nella presente ricerca, la quale conferma, invece, la visione del cs di Robert Putnam. L'indagine suggerisce ai policy maker, un significativo sospostamento delle risorse, dai traferimenti diretti, alle reti come ANCeSCAO, al fine di garantire welfare abilitanti e sostenibili, economie di scala, di scopo e della conoscenza. Infine, il valore aggiunto di ANCeSCAO risiedere nella buona organizzazione burocratica, e nella promozione di valori democratici, che hanno un impatto anche sulla comunità locale. ; The thesis starts from a qualitative and quantitative research conducted in elderly self-managed social centers of the province of Viterbo, affiliates Ancescao, on a sample of 393 members. The presence of the social capital (hence cs) has been declined in the relationship between health, happiness, trust and the "capability approach" of Amartya Sen, considered as a form of cs. The survey shows relationships between cs and health trends, highlighted by a reduction consumption of medicines and hospitalizations, and a significant relationship between happiness and cs, whereas the average in Lazio on life satisfaction is 31%, the sample has to Ancescao 55%. In the relationship between specific and generalized trust: despite being low confidence "institutional", the same does not prevent the "civic engagment", detectable by the willingness to help the local community (65%) and the vote at the last election (89%) . It is also confirmed the approach of capability, so the social environment and the increase of knowledge/skills has a role on the freedom and individual well-being. From research it appears, however, refuted the idea that a CS-type "bonding" is an obstacle to development, in fact, those enrolled in elderly centers, in addition to helping other members, are included in a crucial area, promoting cohesion but also providing financial support to other local associations, or helping people with fundraisers. The theoretical approaches that would see the associative worlds exhaust the social significance in them, are not confirmed in this study, which confirms, however, the vision of the cs of Robert Putnam. The survey suggests to the policy makers, to move finacial resources, from direct money-transfer to networks as Ancescao, to ensure welfare and enabling sustainable economies of scale, scope and knowledge. Finally, the value added of Ancescao is base on a good bureaucratic organization, and the promotion of democratic values, which have an impact on the local community.
El artículo presenta una investigación, llevada a cabo con un método cualitativo, sobre el papel de las Universidades de la tercera edad en relación a las nuevas necesidades de los ancianos y de las ancianas. Haciendo referencia a las estrategias de la Unión Europea, este estudio se propone verificar si la educación de los ancianos y de las ancianas en Sicilia es realmente útil para el desarrollo de oportunidades concretas para la emancipación activa, para la toma de responsabilidades, para la motivación y la autonomía, para el desarrollo de las capacidades decisorias y de diseño, para la afirmación de un concepto de ciudadanía social y de altos niveles de vida. La muestra entrevistada incluye estudiantes y docentes universitarios de la tercera edad en Trapani. Concretamente, la muestra se compone de hombres jubilados de edades comprendidas entre los 66 y los 72 años, mujeres jubiladas de edades comprendidas entre los 65 y los 70 años, y amas de casa entre los 58 y los 70 años. Los resultados restituyen un interesante panorama sobre el mundo del anciano y de la anciana, sobre su condición existencial, sobre sus instancias educativas. Los resultados representan también un punto importante de reflexión pedagógica sobre la posibilidad de proyectar experiencias educativas dedicadas a los ancianos y las ancianas a partir de su subjetividad y de sus exigencias de autorrealización. ; The article presents a research, conducted with a qualitative method, on the function of the University of the Third Age in relation to the new needs of the elderly. Referring to EU strategies, this study intends to verify whether the education of the elderly in Sicily is really useful to develop concrete opportunities for active emancipation, for the assumption of responsibility, for motivation and autonomy, for the development of decision-making and planning skills, for the affirmation of a concept of social citizenship and high standard of living. The sample interviewed includes elderly students and teachers from a University of the Third Age in Trapani. More precisely, the sample is made up of retired men aged between 66 - 72 years, retired women aged between 65 - 70, and housewives aged between 58 - 70. The results give an interesting insight on the world of the elderly, on their existential condition, on their educational needs. The results also represent a valuable starting point for pedagogical reflection on the possibility of planning educational experiences dedicated to the elderly starting with their subjectivity and their needs of self-realization.
The starting year of what the WHO declared the "Decade of Healthy Ageing" is also the year that because of the spread of Covid19 is highlighting part of the vulnerabilities of the elderly. Therefore, at a time when the protection of the elderly is drawn to attention, it is inevitable to turn our gaze to those digital innovations that exist in support of the elderly. The thesis, in fact, aims to give an overview of the phenomenon of aging and above all to show examples of digital innovations that allow to transform what appears more and more as a challenge for governments in healthy and active aging opportunities. Fully aware of the breadth and complexity of the topic, the thesis aims to explore some of the challenges that the application of ICT entails, including the adaptability of digital tools to the cognitive schemes of the elderly.
The starting year of what the WHO declared the "Decade of Healthy Ageing" is also the year that because of the spread of Covid19 is highlighting part of the vulnerabilities of the elderly. Therefore, at a time when the protection of the elderly is drawn to attention, it is inevitable to turn our gaze to those digital innovations that exist in support of the elderly. The thesis, in fact, aims to give an overview of the phenomenon of aging and above all to show examples of digital innovations that allow to transform what appears more and more as a challenge for governments in healthy and active aging opportunities. Fully aware of the breadth and complexity of the topic, the thesis aims to explore some of the challenges that the application of ICT entails, including the adaptability of digital tools to the cognitive schemes of the elderly.
Questo studio realizzato dal Centro Studi e Ricerche Economico-Sociali per l'Invecchiamento (CRESI) dell'IRCSS INRCA per conto del Comitato per il Controllo e la Valutazione delle Politiche afferente al Consiglio Regionale delle Marche, nasce con l'obiettivo di valutare il gradimento degli interventi e dei servizi socio-sanitari esistenti da parte degli anziani non autosufficienti e delle loro famiglie (caregiver). L'indagine, realizzata con la collaborazione delle organizzazioni sindacali dei pensionati FNP-CISL, SPI-CGIL e UILP-UIL, ha consentito di raggiungere 450 nuclei familiari distribuiti nei 13 distretti sanitari della regione Marche, scattando una "fotografia" dell'esistente, al fine di poter fornire indicazioni e raccomandazioni sulla riorganizzazione dei servizi rivolti a questa fascia di popolazione, anche alla luce dei recenti impulsi pervenuti dall'adozione del "Piano nazionale per la non autosufficienza". L'indagine si è svolta in due tranche. Nella prima, condotta nel periodo novembre 2019 – marzo 2020, è stato raccolto il quadro dettagliato del punto di vista degli anziani assistiti e dei loro famigliari caregiver. Nella seconda, svoltasi nel periodo giugno-agosto 2020, è stato realizzato un follow-up telefonico, mirato a cogliere l'impatto dell'epidemia da Covid-19 sui partecipanti della prima rilevazione, al fine di comprendere come l'emergenza sanitaria abbia influito sulle condizioni di vita e sull'assistenza ricevuta da questi anziani e dalle loro famiglie, onde poter meglio riorganizzare i servizi per la fase post-pandemica.
For the elderly, the right to choose where and with whom to live takes on special significance: it is related to the overcoming of ageism, of which both paternalism and a segregationist and institutionalizing approach to old age are part. Nevertheless, so far, the multilevel politics concerning active and healthy aging, the right to independent living, the ageing in place and the transition to ""new"" models of welfare have not really been able to remedy the exclusion experienced by many older people socially and in the urban context. For this reason, the elderly's right to the (age-friendly) city is still, at least in part, not adequately guaranteed. The essays collected in this volume are the outcome of an interdisciplinary research focused primarily on the municipality of Ferrara (one of the Italian cities most affected by population aging) but have also a more general relevance. They aim at reflecting on the complex intertwining of the needs and rights of the elderly population and, in particular, on their right to lead a life of dignity and independence (also) within the urban context.
This book investigates the relationship between design (specifically, the Human-Centred Design, Interaction Design and User Experience approaches) and the complex area of Human-Robot Interaction (specifically, social robotics for care). The research begins by framing the scientific problem of demographic aging and the increasing diffusion of wearable and robotic technologies for assisting and supporting the well-being and independence of the elderly and frail. Then, the research examines the role, contributions, and challenges of design in relation to the issue of acceptability in robotics, both from a theoretical-epistemological as well as from a practical-applicative viewpoint. The book, therefore, investigates methods and tools for implementing cross-disciplinary collaboration and for designing acceptability and interaction with new technologies in order to improve the quality of life and psychophysical health of human beings. The overall goal of the of the research presented in this volume is to bridge the gap between the two scientific areas of design and robotics, and let them converge in order to design assistive and social robots that can be effectively accepted as well as appropriate for people's specific needs. This is made possible through the development of a connection between the methodological approaches and tools of both disciplines in order to structure a framework for: cross-disciplinary collaboration and management of development processes in robotics research projects and design; and the application of the iterative process peculiar of HCD to robotics. On this basis, the research output was developed, namely the operational tool "Robotics & Design: the tool to design Human-Centered Assistive Robotics" which can be found at the link: www.roboticsdesign.org.
