Suchergebnisse

The Electoral Law in the modern States is the entity in charge of regulating the political activity and guaranteeing the individuals the respect to their political rights, in this sense, it is necessary to study the operation of this legal branch. In the present work the configuration of the Nicaraguan Electoral Law will be studied, the objectives were established, first to describe the general aspects of the Electoral Law in Nicaragua, also, the Electoral Crimes recognized by the electoral legislation will be identified and classified. The methodology used is qualitative, non-experimental design, under a documentary-bibliographic level. After the documentary review it was observed that the evolution of the Electoral Law in Nicaragua has been related to the recognition of the universal suffrage, likewise, it was identified that the Electoral Law oversees regulating and organizing everything related to the democratic processes, as well as, typifying the actions that are considered as Electoral Crimes. It is concluded that in Nicaragua the Electoral Law plays a leading role in the consolidation of the democratic processes, regarding the Electoral Offenses, it is established that although it is true that there is a recognition of the unlawful actions, there is no clear classification in relation to the misdemeanors and felonies. ; El Derecho Electoral en los Estados modernos es el ente encargado de normar la actividad política y garantizar a los individuos el respeto a sus derechos políticos, en este sentido, se hace necesario estudiar a profundidad el funcionamiento de esta rama jurídica. En el presente trabajo se estudiará la configuración del Derecho Electoral nicaragüense, se establecieron como objetivos describir los aspectos generales del Derecho Electoral en Nicaragua, por otro lado, se identificaron y clasificaron los Delitos Electorales reconocidos por la legislación electoral. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativo, diseño no experimental, bajo un nivel documental-bibliográfico. Tras la revisión documental se observó que la evolución del Derecho Electoral en Nicaragua ha girado con relación al reconocimiento del sufragio universal, de igual forma, se identificó que la Ley Electoral es la encargada de regular y organizar todo lo relacionado a los procesos democráticos, así como, tipificar las acciones que son consideradas como Delitos. Se concluye que en Nicaragua el Derecho Electoral juega un rol protagónico en la consolidación de los procesos democráticos, en lo concerniente a los Delitos, se establece que si bien es cierto existe un reconocimiento de las acciones antijuridicas no existe una clasificación clara en relación con las faltas y delitos.

Drawing on two complementary mechanisms, this article explores the question of whether electoral institutions and conditions of electoral competition create incentives to promote electoral misconduct in young or developing democracies. The first mechanism explains how majoritarian institutions like disproportional electoral systems are more likely to trigger electoral fraud than consensus electoral institutions like PR. However, for this mechanism to be activated, the incumbent must feel effectively threatened by the opposition. To better understand the way this mechanism works, the electoral history of the country also needs to be taken into consideration. Democracies which have a historical record of running clean elections are less likely to experience fraud than countries with a history of electoral misconduct. I test these theoretical claims using a dataset that contains relevant information for 323 parliamentary elections in 59 new or developing democracies in the period between 1960 and 2006. The empirical analysis shows a strong and robust empirical support for the two mechanisms.

This paper deals with the study of the electoral system of the Belgian House of Representatives and its electoral reforms. Belgium was the first European country to adopt an electoral system of proportional representation and, since then, its main elements have exhibited extraordinary stability. However, with the turn of the century, the coalition government headed by the liberal Guy Verhofstadt put the debate on institutional reforms at the center of the political agenda. This led to an electoral reform that involved several novelties: the «provincialization» of the electoral map, the establishment of a 5 percent threshold and the reduction of the list vote weight by half. In 2012, there was the last electoral reform, which consisted of the division of the controversial constituency of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde. This last episode shows the complexity of the Belgian federal model, consociational, bipolar and with centrifugal dynamics. ; El presente artículo aborda el estudio del sistema electoral de la Cámara de Representantes belga y sus reformas electorales. Bélgica fue el primer país europeo en adoptar un sistema de representación proporcional y, desde entonces, sus elementos centrales han exhibido una extraordinaria estabilidad. Sin embargo, con el cambio de siglo, el gobierno de coalición liderado por el liberal Guy Verhofstadt situó el debate sobre las reformas institucionales en el centro de la agenda política. Ello condujo a una reforma electoral que supuso la «provincialización» del mapa electoral, el establecimiento de una barrera electoral del 5 por ciento y la reducción a la mitad del peso de voto de lista. En 2012, se produjo la última reforma electoral, que consistió en la división de la polémica circunscripción de Bruselas-Halle-Vilvoorde. Este último episodio evidencia la complejidad del modelo federal belga, de carácter consociacional, bipolar y con dinámicas centrífugas.This paper deals with the study of the electoral system of the Belgian House of Representatives and its electoral reforms. Belgium was the first European country to adopt an electoral system of proportional representation and, since then, its main elements have exhibited extraordinary stability. However, with the turn of the century, the coalition government headed by the liberal Guy Verhofstadt put the debate on institutional reforms at the center of the political agenda. This led to an electoral reform that involved several novelties: the «provincialization» of the electoral map, the establishment of a 5 percent threshold and the reduction of the list vote weight by half. In 2012, there was the last electoral reform, which consisted of the division of the controversial constituency of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde. This last episode shows the complexity of the Belgian federal model, consociational, bipolar and with centrifugal dynamics.

This paper deals with the study of the electoral system of the Belgian House of Representatives and its electoral reforms. Belgium was the first European country to adopt an electoral system of proportional representation and, since then, its main elements have exhibited extraordinary stability. However, with the turn of the century, the coalition government headed by the liberal Guy Verhofstadt put the debate on institutional reforms at the center of the political agenda. This led to an electoral reform that involved several novelties: the «provincialization» of the electoral map, the establishment of a 5 percent threshold and the reduction of the list vote weight by half. In 2012, there was the last electoral reform, which consisted of the division of the controversial constituency of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde. This last episode shows the complexity of the Belgian federal model, consociational, bipolar and with centrifugal dynamics. ; El presente artículo aborda el estudio del sistema electoral de la Cámara de Representantes belga y sus reformas electorales. Bélgica fue el primer país europeo en adoptar un sistema de representación proporcional y, desde entonces, sus elementos centrales han exhibido una extraordinaria estabilidad. Sin embargo, con el cambio de siglo, el gobierno de coalición liderado por el liberal Guy Verhofstadt situó el debate sobre las reformas institucionales en el centro de la agenda política. Ello condujo a una reforma electoral que supuso la «provincialización» del mapa electoral, el establecimiento de una barrera electoral del 5 por ciento y la reducción a la mitad del peso de voto de lista. En 2012, se produjo la última reforma electoral, que consistió en la división de la polémica circunscripción de Bruselas-Halle-Vilvoorde. Este último episodio evidencia la complejidad del modelo federal belga, de carácter consociacional, bipolar y con dinámicas centrífugas

The article carries out a detailed study of the principles, elements and operation of the Peruvian electoral system. This is based on an analysis of the development of the notion of political representation, from its birth in Greek antiquity, to its contemporary development. This is put, then, in relation to the electoral system and the voting forms and rules.Political representation - Peruvian electoral system - vote ; El artículo realiza un estudio detallado de los presupuestos, elementos y funcionamiento del sistema electoral peruano. Para ello se parte de un análisis sobre el desarrollo de la noción de representación política, desde su nacimiento en la Antigüedad griega, hasta su desarrollo contemporáneo. Ello se pone, luego, en relación con el sistema electoral y las formas y reglas de votación.Representación política - sistema electoral peruano - votación

This paper examines whether participation in the electoral process has become easier or more difficult for new political parties. We identify barriers that might facilitate or discourage the participation of new parties in elections. This involves both the rules of ballot access, as well as media access and campaign funding. Then, we assemble empirical evidence on the changes in these barriers in advanced industrial democracies. The paper also considers whether any observed institutional changes have had demonstrable impact on the number of new and small parties in these electoral systems

Varma proposes electoral and political reforms to reserve politics only to perfectionists who intend to dedicate their whole time and energy to serve the people of the country round the clock. It is imperative to consider these new political and electoral reforms for better, healthy and improved democracy to remove corruption, inequalities, unemployment and mis-governance. Varma's political and electoral reforms are aimed at empowering under privileged, working class, rural and urban areas. Salient features of these new political reforms 1] Full time representation 2] Fixed time table for assembly and parliament sessions 3] Compulsory attendance in parliament and assemblies 4] Compulsory attendance in constituencies. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Fil: Figueiredo, Hernan R. Gonçalves. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Fil: Figueiredo, Hernan R. Gonçalves. Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM). Cátedra Derecho Electoral. San Martín, Argentina ; Tema: Los Derechos Electorales y la Representación Política / Alberto Dalla Vía, coord. --

ABSTRACT: This article reflects more than on the different research strategies of electoral behavior, in some dimensions of analysis of the phenomena of electoral behavior and the impact of public opinion on the conduct of elections. It exemplifies the analysis of this size with data from the last election polls. These dimensions are related to different analytical controversy about political manipulation that make the candidates on the war situation in the country, the impact of advertising and debates about the nature of rational choice and the nature of public opinion. ; RESUMEN: En este artículo se reflexiona más que sobre las distintas estrategias de investigación del comportamiento electoral, en algunas dimensiones del análisis de los fenómenos del comportamiento electoral y, el impacto de la opinión pública en ese comportamiento electoral. Se ejemplifica el análisis de estas dimensiones con datos de los últimos sondeos electorales. Estas dimensiones analíticas están relacionadas con distintas polémicas acerca del manejo político que hacen los candidatos de la coyuntura bélica que vive el país, el impacto de la publicidad y los debates en torno a la naturaleza de la elección racional y la naturaleza de la opinión pública.

After the fall of the communist regime, Romania chose to adopt a very inclusive electoral system, namely PR with low threshold and a guaranteed representation of minorities. Since then, the story of the Romanian electoral system is the story of a movement to make the electoral law less inclusive. Legal thresholds have been introduced and raised, and proposals to shift to a majoritarian system are gaining ground among Romanian politicians. In this article, the main motivations pushing for a less inclusive electoral law are examined. It appears that the largest Romanian parties hope the reform will strengthen their political representation. Yet, by proposing a less inclusive electoral law, they are playing a risky game in a political system still marked by high electoral volatility. Furthermore, the dominant model of democracy that guides the choice of electoral rules has evolved. The new model of democracy gives a reduced role to parties and a bigger role to individual politicians. Finally, the memory of the democratic interwar period is losing influence among the Romanian political elite. Consequently, the proportional representation (PR) system in use during this period is losing its attractiveness. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

La gobernanza electoral debe ser entendida por la forma de gobierno, es decir, la composición directiva, las reglas y los procedimientos internos, así como el proceso de decisión del órgano electoral, sus efectos, y el rendimiento de los organismos de la administración vinculados con el proceso electoral propiamente dicho.2 Este análisis tiene como propósito efectuar una descripción sobre la evolución de la gobernanza electoral hondureña y las condiciones en las que enfrentará las elecciones generales del 28 de noviembre de 2021; el concepto de gobernanza electoral se desarrolla cuatro etapas: legislación, práctica, legitimación y control.

This paper will deal with electoral justice in Kosovo with special focus on Kosovo in a special focus will be realization of the right to vote in the appeals process; sanctions and penalties of electoral fraud during the electoral process in local and national elections. The goal of this research is finding answers in questions like: What is the election justice? What legal sanctions are foreseen for every electoral crime? What are the actions that natural or legal person can undertake when claiming that their electoral rights have been violated? Which institution is competent to provide electoral justice? What are the ways to restore electoral justice? This research will deal with: analysis of the legal framework that guarantees a fair election process, relation of the competent institutions in order to establish fair election process, dealing with cases of fraud in the election and complaint process with the Election Complaints and Appeals Panel and penalties from prosecution and courts for electoral crimes during the election process in local and national elections. Achieving a political consensus for a legal and institutional reform in Kosovo would reduce (prevent) the possibilities for abuse during the electoral process. Increased confidence and building institutional capacities to ensure justice every time when allegedly the right for vote has been violated represents security for citizens and guarantee for institutional stability. Security in the implementation of the right to vote and the correct reading of the will of the people will have impact on their participation in elections and fulfilment of internationally accepted standards for democratic elections and electoral processes in Kosovo.

One of the most concerned and dysfunctional issues in our political system, is political transfugism, andalso the response given to this phenomenon.Turncoating creates social alarm, skillfully promoted by parties to justify the increase of control'smechanisms to repress any dissent. In this point is necessary to ponder. Not all dissidents should beconsidered turncoats if their decissions do not cause a direct impact on government action.Recently, electoral coalitions has been increases, with scant regulation in terms of their legal regime and operation. Transfugism is also present in this coalitions, and it has there differents characteristic and profiles.That's why the Anti-Transfugism Pact focus their attention on this problem, demanding regulatory reforms.In this paper we carry out a reflection on the concept of turncoat, exposing the agreements and pacts that political parties have reached to combat these behaviors. We also remarks the normative changes in which the agreements have been embodied.After exposing the legal regime of the electoral coalitions, we expose how the transfugism is reflectedin them and what their singularities are. We end with a reflection on the need to assess the concept ofturncoat, differentiating it from simple punctual dissidence, and the need to strengthen control mechanisms over party decisions to avoid their arbitrary use of the power to expel the member. ; Una de las cuestiones que más está preocupando en nuestro sistema político, por las disfunciones que genera, es la relativa a la respuesta que se dé al fenómeno del transfuguismo político, sobre todo en el ámbito local.Los supuestos de transfuguismo han creado en ocasiones alarma social, hábilmente potenciada también por los partidos políticos para justificar el incremento de los mecanismos de control sobre los representantes electos para reprimir cualquier disidencia, pero es necesario ponderar, ya que todo disidente no debería ser considerado tránsfuga si su actuación no provoca una incidencia directa sobre la acción de gobierno.En los últimos años se ha producido un incremento de la formación de coaliciones electorales como sujetospolíticos habilitados para presentar candidaturas, con una parca regulación en cuanto a su régimen jurídico y funcionamiento. El fenómeno del transfuguismo también está presente en el seno de las coaliciones electorales con unos perfiles característicos y diferenciadores, lo que ha llevado a los partidos firmantes del PactoAntitransfugismo a poner su foco de atención sobre este problema exigiendo reformas normativas.En el presente trabajo realizamos una reflexión sobre el concepto de tránsfuga, exponiendo los distintosacuerdos y pactos que han alcanzado los partidos políticos para combatir estas conductas y los cambios normativos en los que se han plasmado los acuerdos. Tras exponer el régimen jurídico de las coaliciones electorales exponemos cómo se refleja en las mismas el transfuguismo y cuáles son sus singularidades.Terminamos con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de aquilatar el concepto de tránsfuga, diferenciándolo de la simple disidencia puntual, y la necesidad de reforzar los mecanismos de control sobre las decisiones de los partidos para evitar un uso arbitrario de la facultad de expulsión del afiliado.

The French electoral system, which concerns «political» elections, is marked by several fundamental features. The most remarkable is undoubtedly the presidential election, which is THE electoral moment in France and which conditions the life of the political regime of the Fifth Republic. Beyond that, respect for equal suffrage, the links with nationality and the exercise of legislative power to define the voting methods of the various elections are the highlights of electoral matters. It is also important to take into account the reforms that have been carried out in this area, with regard to the objective of electoral parity or the reconfiguration of parliamentary elections, which is currently being reflected in a draft constitutional law and a draft organic law designed to promote the renewal of democratic life and the moralization of public life. ; El sistema electoral francés, que se refiere a las elecciones «políticas», tiene varias características fundamentales. La más destacada es sin duda la elección presidencial, que es EL momento electoral en Francia y que condiciona la vida del régimen político de la Quinta República. Además, el respeto de la igualdad de sufragio, los vínculos con la nacionalidad y la competencia legislativa para regular los métodos de votación de las distintas elecciones son los aspectos más destacados en materia electoral. También es importante tener en cuenta las reformas a las que ha sido sometido, en relación con el objetivo de la paridad electoral o la reconfiguración de las elecciones parlamentarias, que actualmente se está reflejando en un proyecto de ley constitucional y una ley orgánica destinada a promover la renovación de la vida democrática y la moralización de la vida pública.The French electoral system, which concerns «political» elections, is marked by several fundamental features. The most remarkable is undoubtedly the presidential election, which is THE electoral moment in France and which conditions the life of the political regime of the Fifth Republic. Beyond that, respect for equal suffrage, the links with nationality and the exercise of legislative power to define the voting methods of the various elections are the highlights of electoral matters. It is also important to take into account the reforms that have been carried out in this area, with regard to the objective of electoral parity or the reconfiguration of parliamentary elections, which is currently being reflected in a draft constitutional law and a draft organic law designed to promote the renewal of democratic life and the moralization of public life.

En el año 2010 salió a la luz la primera edición en disco compacto Digesto Constitucional Mexicano. (Aguascalientes), de la autoría de Manuel González Oropeza y David Cienfuegos Salgado, editado por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Y a partir de este primer número, han salido otros discos dedicados a cada uno de los Estados. En esta obra se reúne la historia constitucional y legislativa de cada entidad federativa, en donde se incluye su primera constitución y también los debates de las distintas constituciones promulgadas a lo largo de su historia, se da cuenta de las reformas constitucionales y de los integrantes de los tres poderes del estado, para ofrecer al lector una visión cronológica y temática del desarrollo constitucional de cada Estado, con el único objetivo de divulgar su evolución constitucional como integrantes del federalismo mexicano surgido en el siglo XIX. En esta colección se aprecia la uniformidad de instituciones constitucionales de las entidades federativas mexicanas, pero a la vez las diferencias en su implementación y concepción, según sus propias características.