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When pundits—and some researchers—proclaim electronic games either altogether good or altogether bad for society, they often miss theoretical subtleties that if considered would allow us to see both the boon and the burden of the emerging technology and point to important future possibilities. Most important, these critics often fail to recognize that variability exists at different levels of analysis and in the interactions: between players, between games, between contexts, and so forth. The simultaneous existence of both positive and negative consequences of electronic games can be elaborated and reconciled in part through a multilevel perspective on electronic game effects whereby important variables exist at the levels of the individual, game content, and societal time or space. This article illustrates this idea by reviewing some recent findings in this arena and pointing to common threads that relate to the likely multilevel structure of human interaction with electronic games.

Abstract
The electronic mail game of Rubinstein (1989) showed that a lack of common knowledge generated by faulty communication can make coordinated action impossible. This paper shows how this conclusion is robust to having a more realistic timing structure of messages, more than two players who meet publicly but not as a plenary group, and may be robust to strategic decisions about whether to communicate.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1: Theoretical Concerns -- 1. Video Games: A Popular Culture Phenomenon -- 2. Narratives in the Electronic Age -- 3. Video Games as Cultural Indicators -- 4. A Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective on Video Games -- Part 2: Analyzing Representative Games -- 5. Myst, Riven, and the Adventure Video Game -- 6. Lara Croft and the Problem of Gender in Video Games -- 7. Half-Life and the Problem of Monsters -- 8. Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index

When grandmasters Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky met for the World Chess Championship at the height of the Cold War in 1972, the two squared off in front of an open game board with 16 chess pieces each. Televised worldwide, the duel subsequently became known as the Match of the Century. But how would this strategy board game play out if many of the knowns became unknowns, including pieces that cannot be seen by the opponent? What if a player has less than 16 pieces and the heavy pieces (kings, rooks, knoghts, bishops) could be placed on any square within the starting rows? What if psychological operations and electronic warfare attacks becme a part of the game? How would strategy change? during the past quarter, students in the Defense Analysis Department course "Militaries and Technological Change" discovered the differences first hand in a team board game that includes invisible pieces and terror-war subtleties of attack and defense, The game: Info Chess.

Reluctance of organizations to invest in electronic data interchange (EDI, Internet-based EDI, and XML/EDI) is largely due to their inability to assess the return on these investments. We identify prescriptive and evaluative methodologies for analyzing investment in EDI: non-financial methods, purely financial methods, and financial and strategic consideration methods. We also show how computer simulation can be used as a tool for assessing EDI. Evaluating the benefits resulting from EDI implementation was illustrated through the well-known Beer Game. Our analysis and review also identifies difficulties involved in assessing the benefits of EDI in supply chains.