Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material /Yang Dongping -- China's Long Green March: Crises and Opportunities /Hu Kanping and Yang Dongping -- Blue-Green Algae Bloom in Taihu Lake: Refl ections on Pollution and Development /Zhang Ke -- Water Crisis in Chinese Cities in 2007 /Jiang Mingzhuo -- A Health Checkup on the Ecology of the Yangtze River /Wang Yongchen -- The Impact of Climate Change on China /Liu Haiying -- Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in China in 2007 /Huang Lei -- China and Climate Change from the Perspective of International Civil Society /Fu Tao -- Climate Change and Chinese Youth's Attitudes towards Consumption /Zhang Kejia -- Green Olympics and Environmental Improvements in Beijing /Li Jiao -- How Far is Beijing from Being an Eco-city? /Feng Yongfeng -- Progress in Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction /Zhao Wengeng -- Green Commuting and Public Participation /Kang Xue -- Progress and Problems in China's Construction of an Environmental Legal System /Xu Kezhu , Song Wanzhong and Zhu Fen -- Green Credit Policy in China /Yu Xiaogang -- Challenges for Strategic Environmental Impact Assessments /Qie Jianrong -- Refl ections on Environmental Mass Incidents in China /Tong Zhifeng -- Annual Indexes: Environmental Trends /Yang Dongping -- Terminological Glossary /Yang Dongping -- Index /Yang Dongping.

Preliminary Material -- Chapter One Demographic Changes During the Period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and Predictions for Population Development /Ying Hu , Fang Cai and Yang Du -- Chapter Two Low Fertility and Related Theoretical Issues in China /Zhigang Guo -- Chapter Three How China Tackled the Global Financial Crisis /Fang Cai , Yang Du and Meiyan Wang -- Chapter Four Public Investment and Employment: An Empirical Analysis /Jie Cheng and Dewen Wang -- Chapter Five Growing Pains: What Employment Dilemma Does China Face at Its Lewis Turning Point? /Fang Cai -- Chapter Six The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Employment in Small and Medium Enterprises /Yaowu Wu and Yang Du -- Chapter Seven Changes in Industrial Location and Labor Flows in China /Fang Cai , Meiyan Wang and Yue Qu -- Chapter Eight Population, Industrial Development, and Employment in Chinese Urbanization /Yang Du and Meiyan Wang -- Chapter Nine Has Labor Migration Really Not Narrowed the Rural-Urban Income Gap? /Fang Cai and Meiyan Wang -- Chapter Ten Emission Reduction Compatible with Economic and Employment Growth /Fang Cai , Yang Du and Meiyan Wang -- Chapter Eleven The New Elements of China's Labor Market in the Post-Financial-Crisis Era /Fang Cai and Meiyan Wang -- Chapter Twelve Reform of the Hukou System and Unification of Rural-Urban Social Welfare /Fang Cai -- Index.

by Pang King Man. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-204). ; Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. ; by Pang King Man. ; Acknowledgments --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; Content --- p.v ; List of Figures --- p.xiii ; List of Tables --- p.xvii ; List of Plates --- p.xxii ; Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Printed circuit board manufacturing industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Principal manufacturing processes of printed circuit board --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Cleaning and surface preparation --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Catalyst application and electroless plating --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Pattern printing and masking --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- Electroplating --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- Etching --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Characteristics of wastestreams from printed circuit board manufacturing --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Spent solvents --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Spent etchants --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Rinsewaters --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Air emission --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.3 --- Environmental legislation relating to PCB manufacturing industry --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO) --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Sewage Services (Sewage Charges) Regulation --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) Regulation --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO) --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Chemical-specific approach against toxicity-based approach --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity identification evaluation --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Phase I: Toxicity characterization --- p.15 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phase II: Toxicity identification --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Phase III: Toxicity confirmation --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.3.4 --- Toxicity identification evaluation on industrial effluents --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Toxicity tests --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Selection of organisms for bioassays --- p.22 ; Chapter ...

The spatial planning of land use is the process of allocating different uses or activities to specific areas in a region and is the core content of land use planning systems. Land use planning is increasingly becoming complex because of the multifaceted problems it faces, such as guaranteeing economic growth, maintaining social equity, and preserving the environment. These objectives present conflicting demands from various land use groups and interest groups. The increased inclusion of objectives leads to different demands on the expected results. Moreover, the increased complexity of land use planning problems is influenced by the involvement and definition of multiple objectives. These objectives may be unstructured, nonlinear, and difficult to handle. Within this context, computer-based techniques have been developed to assist planners in decision making. Among all of the techniques, multi-objective optimization (MOO) approaches are the most well-known techniques in addressing multi-objective problems in land use planning. MOO approaches have successfully accomplished significant achievements. However, literature shows that some spatially-related environmental objectives, such as carbon emission, non-point source pollution, and soil erosion, are missing because of the difficulty in evaluating, analyzing, and measuring such complex land use objectives. ; The land use planning process in China is divided into a series of land use plans at different levels. Among these plans, the municipal overall land use plan and the urban master plan are involved in managing the land use resources in a city. The municipal overall land use plan administers the urban and non-urban areas in an administrative scope, whereas the urban master plan focuses only on the development of urban areas. These two types of land use plans are conducted by two different government departments. These plans are usually inconsistent, particularly in terms of space. ; Considering the spatial inconsistency between the municipal overall land use ...

近年來,伴隨著快速的城市化與工業化,中國的經濟經歷了前所未有的迅猛增長。但也因此帶來了諸如二氧化氮(NO2)污染等很多環境問題。二氧化氮作為大氣中主要污染物之一,在對流層化學中起著十分重要的作用。本論文主要研究由中國政府在經濟和環境政策上的區域發展差異所導致的二氧化氮污染在時間和空間尺度上的變化差異和特點。研究結果對未來的控制排放政策制定具有重要的參考價值。 ; 該論文研究的主要目的是通過分析星載臭氧監測儀(OMI)獲取的2005年到2015年NO2垂直柱濃度(VCD)的資料,研究中國地區對流層中的二氧化氮污染在空間和時間上的變化趨勢。研究表明,中國污染最嚴重地區的對流層NO2柱濃度自2005年開始迅速上升, 2011年左右達到峰值,此後逐漸下降。到2015年,中國東部的部分地區對流層二氧化氮污染狀況有所緩解,已恢復至2005年的水準。同時發現,NO2污染已從傳統的中國東部高度發達的地區擴展到西部地區的新興城市群。另外,通過將衛星資料獲取的結果與GEOS-Chem模型模擬得到的2005-2012年資料進行比較,證實了衛星觀察到的NO2變化趨勢主要是由人為排放變化的因素所導致。 ; 本文進一步採用小波分解方法對中國西部省份2005 至 2013期間的NO2進行長期趨勢的提取分析。通過分析發現,2005年到2013年間,中國西部人為NO2年增長率達到了8.6±0.9%yr-1,特別是中國西北地方,其NO2柱濃度的增長率高達11.3±1.0%yr-1,超過了中國西南地區(5.9±0.6%yr-1)和中國東部的重要地區(其中京津冀地區5.3±0.8%yr-1,長江三角洲4.0±0.6%yr-1以及珠江三角洲-3.3±0.3%yr-1)。通過對社會經濟的分析表明,中國西北地方NO2的快速增長與中國政府所實施的"西部大開發"政策,當地相對較弱的排放控制監管力度以及當地快速發展的污染密集型產業緊密相關。 ; 利用高分辨率NO2 VCD的資料集(0.125°×0.125°空間分辨率),採用三個定量指標("面積相對趨勢"作為城市面積的擴大指標,"濃度相對趨勢"作為城市污染面積的濃度值,"最大值相對趨勢"作為峰值強度)來分析2005至2015年間中國地級市的城市污染狀況。此外,通過將2010年NO2的年均濃度的空間分佈與夜晚燈光和人口密度數據進行比較發現NO2數據和夜晚燈光和人口密度具有相似的空間格局:其中NO2與夜晚燈光相關性為0.74, 與人口密度相關性為0.66。這凸顯了城市化的結果和污染對健康的影響。最後,我們採用時空地理加權回歸(GTWR)模型探索基於城市層面2005 - 2013年NO2污染與GDP之間的時空關係。該模型結果表明,中國內陸的一些欠發達城市具有相對較高的正係數。對於大多數中國城市,基於單位GDP的NO2污染強度有所下降逐年下降,其結果反映了污染物控制排放政策在近些年取得了一定程度的進展,同時也伴隨著東部地區部分產業向西部轉移,發達地區向欠發達地區轉移。 ; 研究結果表明,要實現更為均衡的區域發展,中央和地方政府應該高度重視現存在的不平等的區域經濟和環境政策所呈現的空間異質性,進一步優化能源結構以及完善生態補償機制。除了在東部地區繼續緩解氮氧化物等污染物的排放同時,更應加大控制中國西部地區的排放力度,以達到所有地區環境可持續發展的目標。 ; China has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades, accompanied with intensive urbanization and industrialization. This economic growth has led to many significant environmental problems, including deteriorating nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution. NO2 is a key air pollutant, and it plays a major role in the tropospheric chemistry. This thesis investigates the extent to which the characteristics of NO2 pollution changes at different spatial and temporal scales reflects regional inequality in economic and environmental policies enforced by Chinese governments, which has important implications for future emission control. ; The ...