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International relations are a form of human action so they should become the object of praxiology as a science oriented to efficiency. The traditional approach however must be changed. As it suggested in this article, human action is divided into three sections – cooperation, struggling and rivalry, which correspond to three types of theories. It should be added that cooperation is a positive-sum game, struggling – a negative-sum game and rivalry – a zero-sum game. The theory of international relations should be focused on the link between principles of cooperation and principles of struggling. This means that theory of foreign policy should be a theory of control in the zero-sum game system. ; International relations are a form of human action so they should become the object of praxiology as a science oriented to efficiency. The traditional approach however must be changed. As it suggested in this article, human action is divided into three sections – cooperation, struggling and rivalry, which correspond to three types of theories. It should be added that cooperation is a positive-sum game, struggling – a negative-sum game and rivalry – a zero-sum game. The theory of international relations should be focused on the link between principles of cooperation and principles of struggling. This means that theory of foreign policy should be a theory of control in the zero-sum game system.

Stosunki międzynarodowe są postacią działania ludzi, dlatego powinny stać się obiektem zainteresowania prakseologii jako nauki nastawionej na sprawność działania. Dotychczasowe rozumienie sprawności musi być jednak odmienne od tradycyjnego. Zgodnie z propozycją zawartą w artykule, ludzkie działanie dzieli się na trzy działy – współpracę, walkę oraz rywalizację , którym odpowiadają trzy rodzaje teorii. Charakterystyczne jest to, że współpraca jest grą o sumie dodatniej, walka – grą o sumie ujemnej, natomiast rywalizacja – grą o sumie zerowej. Teoria stosunków międzynarodowych powinna skupiać się na teorii rywalizacji, rozpostartej pomiędzy współpracą a walką. Oznacza to, że teoria stosunków międzynarodowych powinna opierać się na zasadach współpracy i zasadach walki, a teoria polityki międzynarodowej państwa powinna być teorią sterowania w systemie gry o sumie zerowej. ; International relations are a form of human action so they should become the object of praxiology as a science oriented to efficiency. The traditional approach however must be changed. As it suggested in this article, human action is divided into three sections – cooperation, struggling and rivalry, which correspond to three types of theories. It should be added that cooperation is a positive-sum game, struggling – a negative-sum game and rivalry – a zero-sum game. The theory of international relations should be focused on the link between principles of co- operation and principles of struggling. This means that theory of foreign policy should be a theory of control in the zero-sum game system.

This last paper in the volume tries to pull the threads together and to detect trends of evolution in the analysis of international relations. The discussion is limited to three issues deemed basic to this evolution: 1) the increasing g importance of technology and its impact on the world System, and especially on one of its basic components: the nation-state ; 2) contents and characteristics of the new industry of futurology ; and 3) the rise of political economy as a basic approach to the study of international relations. It is suggested that we are growing beyond such simplistic divisions as "High" and "Low Politics", and obsession with methodologism per se, and that we are increasingly putting rigor and interdisciplinarity in the service of analysing "substantial" issues of international relations.

"Les Relations internationales suscitent un intérêt croissant auprès des étudiants qui, dans leur vie professionnelle à venir, seront quotidiennement au contact du monde extérieur. La discipline se présente ainsi comme un enseignement de synthèse, destiné à intégrer la dimension extérieure des différents cursus universitaires. Cet ouvrage d'introduction aux Relations internationales se présente donc comme un instrument d'accompagnement des étudiants des instituts d'études politiques, des facultés de droit et d'économie ainsi qu'aux élèves des classes préparatoires. Afin de mieux appréhender les caractéristiques du monde contemporain, celui-ci a été abordé à partir de quatre « scènes » distinctes : - la scène de la société interétatique est le domaine privilégié des diplomaties ; - la scène des organisations internationales permet de comprendre comment la coopération intergouvernementale peut, sous certaines conditions, se transformer en intégration supranationale ; - la scène de la société transnationale analyse les conséquences de l'ouverture des sociétés internes sur le monde ; - enfin, la scène de l'économie-monde est le domaine d'expansion du marché qui organise l'interdépendance des nations. La prise en compte des dimensions historique, politique, économique, sociologique et juridique des Relations internationales vise ainsi à comprendre le rôle des multiples acteurs impliqués dans la structuration du monde contemporain, lequel oscille en permanence entre coopération et compétition."