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[L'«affaire Vincent Lambert» and the European Court of Human Rights. A brief memorandum for the future Italian legislator] Abstract non presente. Si riporta l'inizio dell'editorialeIl 5 giugno 2015 la Corte Europea dei Diritti dell'Uomo si è pronunciata a camere riunite (Grande chambre) sul cosiddetto "affaire Lambert" che ha visto contrapposti alcuni familiari di Vincent Lambert (in specie i genitori, una sorella e un fratellastro dellostesso) contro lo Stato Francese [1]. In particolare, i ricorrenti si opponevano all'interruzione dell'alimentazione e dell'idratazione artificiale di Vincent Lambert [.]

The essay deals with the theme of the end of life within the Italian legal system in comparison with that of other foreign legal systems. In particular, the research addresses the issue of the precautionary tools that the civil process offers to those who ask to end their own life, in the absence of intervention by the competent authorities.

The essay focuses on the different legislative rules which allow seriously ill patients to legally receive euthanasia or assisted suicide in Europe to examine the Italian legislation currently being approved on the same matter from a comparative legal perspective. The research about such an ethical theme involving several fundamental principles, like human dignity, life and solidarity, analyses the approaches of the Belgian, Dutch, Luxembourg and Spanish legal systems. The study will shed light on the essentiality of some preventive safeguards to support patients' autonomy in consenting or refusing an end-of-life treatment, in line with the Italian Constitutional Court suggestions.

Starting from the analysis of the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court on the "Cappato case", the essay is the occasion for a joint reflection between Italian constitutional law and comparative law on the subject of assisted suicide and euthanasia, which seems to determine the inertia of the legislators in the face of activism of the Courts, perpetually seeking a dialogue with the first. To suffer the most serious damage of these attitudes are the sick, who in this matter more than ever need certainty to the law.

The article analyzes the content and the consequences of the recent order n. 207/2018 of the Constitutional Court, which has been pronounced on the constitutional review of the criminal provision about "assisted suicide" (art. 580 Criminal Code), as requested by the Court of Assize in the "Cappato's case. In that order, the Court have affirmed the compelling interest of the State in protecting the life of the human person against interventions by third parties in helping one to suicide, under the constitutional personalist principle (art. 2 Const.). At the same time, the Court has recognized a new right of the competent patient, who is dependent from life-saving medical treatments, to ask the physicians for obtaining death with a lethal substance, after the refusal of the life-sustaining machines, in order to avoid a slow dying-process considered against his dignity (art. 3 and 32 Const.). A right that has to be implemented by the Parliament in the next months (and the article discuss what will happen if the Parliament will not intervene) and that may also be extended to the patients irreversibly unconscious, who have refused life-prolonging treatments in a living will.

The present essay deals with the early history of the CCP (1920-1927), analyzing notably the long and not linear formation process of the party machine, from the local groups and study societies still linked to the May Fourth Movement up to the political cells, which became a more suitable organizational form for a mass party. Following Arif Dirlik and Hans van de Ven's groundbreaking studies, this text argues that the genesis of the CCP as a fully developed Marxist-Leninist organization took years and went through countless inner debates; those lively disputes prove also the existence of a pluralist principle hidden in the seemingly monolithic structure of the party. After a hundred years, it may be worth exploring how the CCP was shaped at the beginning and how much room for open discussions and dissent there was, also in order to make a comparison with today. ; Il presente saggio si occupa dei primi anni della storia del Partito Comunista Cinese (1920-1927) e in particolare analizza la traiettoria lunga e non lineare che ha dato vita alla forma partito, a partire dai gruppi locali e dalle società di studio ancora legati all'epoca del Quattro Maggio sino alle cellule vere e proprie, che divenirono la forma organizzativa più adatta per un partito di massa. Seguendo i pionieristici studi di Arif Dirlik e Hans van de Ven, in quest'articolo si sostiene che il Pcc divenne l'organizzazione marxista-leninista a tutti nota solo dopo anni e dopo infiniti dibattiti interni; tali dispute testimoniano peraltro l'esistenza di un principio pluralistico presente nella struttura apparentemente monolitica della macchina partitica. Può valere la pena, ora che è trascorso un secolo, esplorare il processo attraverso cui si formò il Pcc e verificare i margini di dibattito e di dissenso che c'erano allora, anche per una valutazione comparativa rispetto all'oggi.

Through the concepts of ἔργον and βίος, the article describes the two happiest forms of life, i.e., the theoretical and the political one, asking whether happiness is founded on the conjunction of the two. Focusing on the connection between philosophy, education and politics the paper emphasizes the role of contemplation as πράξις and the importance of philosopher for the city. ; Through the concepts of ἔργον and βίος, the article describes the twohappiest forms of life, i.e., the theoretical and the political one, askingwhether happiness is founded on the conjunction of the two. Focusingon the connection between philosophy, education and politics the paperemphasizes the role of contemplation as πράξις and the importance ofphilosopher for the city.

Questo elaborato ripercorre l'iter della normativa sulla cessazione della qualifica di rifiuto, analizzando, nel primo capitolo, che cosa sono i rifiuti e come vengono gestiti, occupandosi soprattutto della fase del recupero. Successivamente, viene esaminata la disciplina del recupero rapportata all'end of waste, partendo dal decreto Ronchi del 1997, attraversando il testo unico ambientale ed arrivando agli ultimi risvolti della normativa con la legge n. 128/2019. In seguito troviamo la parte dedicata alle autorizzazioni ed ai controlli, per poi analizzare gli specifici regolamenti e decreti end of waste emanati sino ad oggi, fino a giungere alle conclusioni. This paper describes the procedure about the legislation end of waste. The first chapter deals with the definition of waste and the waste management, focusing on the recycling phase This work examines then the regulation about recycling related to end of waste, from Ronchi Decree of 1997, going through the Environmental Code (Testo Unico Ambientale), to the end of the legislation with law n. 128/2019. Finally, the paper describes licenses and controls and analyzes the specific regulations and decrees about end of waste issued until nowadays.

A celebrated orator, historian, philosopher, and statesman, Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) was one of the most remarkable figures of the Italian Renaissance. As contemporaries noted, his intellectual versatility--including an interest in architecture--linked him to Leon Battista Alberti, the renowned "universal man" of the Renaissance. Like Alberti, Manetti wrote in both Latin and Italian, and made new translations of canonical texts such as Aristotle, thus replacing the faulty medieval renderings that were the mainstay of Scholastic thought. A pious Christian, he translated the New Testament from Greek into Latin, thus challenging the centuries-old Vulgate; and he was the first scholar since Jerome to translate the Psalms from the original Hebrew. To forestall possible critics, he penned a treatise expounding his philological methods in translating scripture. Delivered over the course of nearly twenty years, his addresses to magistrates, commanders, princes, and popes furnish a vivid picture of Quattrocento politics and diplomacy. This authoritative biography, the first in any modern language, both describes chronologically the events of his extraordinary career, and analyzes his numerous and wide-ranging writings, which confirm Manetti's status as an exemplar of the spirit of the Italian Renaissance.--

The law no. 219 of 2017 intervened, after an almost thirty-year debate, to introduce a discipline, though still incomplete, of the end of life. It is the first legislative intervention expressed in a matter on which, until recently, there were doubts that the State could intervene. The legislation is constructed by general clauses, which incorporate the jurisprudential right, guaranteeing that the person has possibility for autonomous decisions on how to live the terminal phases of a pathological state that approaches to death. However, it cannot be assumed that it is only a recognition of the already living right, since, in art. 1, the definition of the axiological framework of reference contains important elements, which open the way to further orderly developments. In this sense go the disarticulation of therapeutic selfdetermination from the right to health, as well as the qualification of the right to life as a subjective right, capable of balancing with the other constitutional rights. This determines new balances between constitutional values, which have immediate repercussions on the legislation in civil and criminal matters, of which, as the Cappato case shows, it becomes necessary to carry out an interpretative or legislative adaptation. The article wants to highlight how the discipline set by the law n. 219 of 2017, from a constitutional point of view, do not limits itself to filling a gap in the legal system by incorporating the interpretation of constitutional principles already established in the courtrooms, but contains elements that could push this interpretation towards further outcomes, with the recognition of new and wider spaces of decision for the individual.

1.La scienza democratica, il dialogo pubblico e la proprietà intellettuale 2.Controllo privato dell'informazione e valutazione autoritaria della ricerca 3.La scienza aperta come scienza pubblica e democratica

The Kingdom of Mercians is generally assumed to have come to an end, largely as a result of Viking incursions, in the late ninth century; from the 880s its rulers seem to have been under the authority of Alfred the Great, king of the West Saxons. This essay argues that we should not see the end of the Mercian kingdom simply in terms of collapse, but also in terms of renegotiation, as the Mercian political elite sought, in the first few decades of the tenth century, to place themselves at the heart of a new political entity, the kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons, later the kingdom of the English.