Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der nachhaltigen Quartiersentwicklung, einem jungen Forschungsfeld der Stadtgeographie, und dem Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Letztgenannter ist ein Klimaschutzinstrument aus dem Kyoto Protokoll, der die nachhaltige Entwicklung in Entwicklungsländern befördern soll. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob der CDM nachhaltige Entwicklung, unter den besonderen Gegebenheiten eines Quartiers (mit besonderem Entwicklungsbedarf), realisiert. Ziel ist es zu diskutieren, was ein Quartier und dessen nachhaltige Entwicklung definiert sowie den Einfluss des CDM in diesem Bereich. Die Fragestellungen werden auf Grundlage der Auswertung aktueller Fachliteratur und ergänzend durch ein Experteninterview diskutiert. Hierfür wird ein Fallbeispiel, das CDM-Projekt Kuyasa low-cost urban housing energy upgrade anhand eines Indikatorenkatalogs untersucht. Die Analyse führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Kuyasa-Projekt einen starken positiven Einfluss auf die Ortsbindung, Partizipation und ökomische Stärkung der Bewohner hat sowie auch teilweise zum Erlernen sozialer Normen anregt. Diese Indikatoren sind Ausdruck sozialer Kohäsion, d.h. des sozialen Zusammenhalts, die auf die Bildung von Sozialkapital schließen lassen - die wichtigste Voraussetzung für nachhaltige Quartiersentwicklung. Damit trägt der CDM, im Rahmen des Fallbeispiels, potentiell zur nachhaltigen Quartiersentwicklung bei. Es zeigt sich aber auch, dass es weiterer Forschung, unter anderem der Auswertung und dem Vergleich mehrerer CDM-Projekt(typen) bedarf, um eine belastbare Aussage über den CDM im Allgemeinen tätigen zu können.

Substantial increase of the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix -- International cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology -- Promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology -- Expanded infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services in developing countries

Cover -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Energy and territories: towards new configurations -- Figures of local energy autonomy -- Metabolic, socio-technical and political empowerment: congruences and tensions -- The structuring of network spaces: new logics and new scales -- Infrastructure diversification, redistribution of skills and reconstruction of stakeholder systems -- At the crossroads of innovation, experimentation and diversion -- Perspectives -- Book structure -- References -- PART 1: Governance and Actors -- 1. Urban Planning and Energy: New Relationships, New Local Governance -- 1.1. Distributed energy: the constant adaptation of urban areas -- 1.2. "Sustainable cities" and new energy systems: from harmonization to a common origin -- 1.3. Reshaping local governance -- 1.4. References -- 2. Decentralized Energy and Cities: Tools and Levers for Urban Energy Decentralization -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Background -- 2.3. Woking, UK -- 2.4. London, UK -- 2.5. Sydney, Australia -- 2.5.1. Background -- 2.5.2. Sustainable Sydney 2030 -- 2.5.3. Green Infrastructure Plan -- 2.5.4. Trigeneration Master Plan -- 2.5.5. Renewable Energy Master Plan -- 2.5.6. Advanced Waste Treatment Master Plan -- 2.5.7. CitySwitch Green Office Program -- 2.5.8. Better Buildings Partnership -- 2.5.9. Environmental Upgrade Agreements -- 2.5.10. City of Sydney Projects -- 2.5.11. Carbon-neutral Sydney -- 2.5.12. Conclusion -- 2.6. Seoul, South Korea -- 2.6.1. Background -- 2.6.2. Fukushima nuclear disaster -- 2.6.3. One Less Nuclear Power Plant -- 2.6.4. Seoul International Energy Advisory Council -- 2.6.5. International Energy Advisory Council -- 2.6.6. One Less Nuclear Power Plant, Phase 2 - Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan -- 2.6.7. Seoul Energy Corporation -- 2.6.8. Interregional cooperation.

Local content and the sustainable development Nexus / Damilola S. Olawuy -- Defining the 'local' in local content requirements in the oil and gas sector / Chilenye Nwapi -- Local content measures and the WTO regime : addressing contentions and trade-offs / Mandy Meng Fang -- Local content requirements in extractive industries : a human rights analysis / Susan L. Karamanian -- Upgrade of local suppliers in the global production network : the success or otherwise of local content regimes / Alexander Ezenagu and Chidiebere Eze-Ajoku -- Expressing local content through black economic empowerment in the South African petroleum industry / Hanri Mostert and Meyer van den Berg -- Local content frameworks for petroleum industry operations in the CEMAC region : an evaluation of their functionality, sustainability and normative underpinnings / George K. Ndi -- Local content 'angolanização', and sustainable development in Angola / Jesse Salah Ovadia -- Local content and the sustainable development of oil and gas resources in Nigeria / Damilola S. Olawuyi and Ayobami J. Olaniyan -- Local content requirements and treaty implementation in Kenya's petroleum sector / James O. Kirwa and Melba K. Wasunna -- Sustainability and local content requirements in Australian oil and gas development : has the ship of opportunity sailed? / Tina Soliman Hunter -- Local content for sustainable development in Middle East and North Africa : current legal approaches and future directions / Damilola S. Olawuy -- Local content and sustainable development in Norway / Catherin Banet -- Local content and sustainable development in Argentina / Marcelo Neuman -- The Latin American experience in designing local content policies in the oil and gas sectors : strengths, limitations and future perspectives / Amir Lebdioui -- Local content and sustainable development in Brazil / Eduardo G. Pereira, Rafael Baptista Baleroni, Fernanda Delgado, Jose Vicente Duncan de Miranda, Aaron Koenck, and Pedro Henrique Neves -- Industrial policy and local content rules in US energy / Zachary Sturman and Timothy Meyerrman and Timothy Meyerr -- Oil and gas sector local content decision processes : Canadian indigenous participation / Alastair R. Lucas, and David K. Laidlaw -- Local content, community content, and sustainable development in the oil and gas industry : perspectives from legislation, policy, and community development agreements / Ibironke T. Odumosu-Ayanu -- Local content requirements and social inclusion in global energy markets : towards business and human rights content / Oyeniyi Abe & Ada Ordor -- Advancing sustainable development in local content initiatives : summary for policy makers / Damilola S. Olawuyi.

Prologue: What's at Stake -- Part I: Big Business:Climb to Sustainability -- Part II: Upgrade Supply Chains vs. Dress to Kill -- Part III: Fixing Energy, the Mother of All Markets -- Part IV: Capital Markets, Time to Graduate from the Casino -- Epilogue: Leth's Do It!.

Inhaltsangabe: Introduction: The master thesis 'Worldwide Development of Nuclear Energy and the Strategic Deployment of German Consultancies on the Arabian Peninsula' is chiefly targeted at German consultancy companies so that they can assess their status of strategic deployment and prioritize their activities to enter a new business sector in a foreign market. This publication could also be of relevance for policy makers, investors, suppliers as well as nuclear energy and governmental agencies to identify their need for external advisers to safely operate a nuclear power program; provides a guideline for how to enter a new market. Hence this thesis should be considered as an aid to identify hurdles and obstacles that have to be foreseen and so overcome. Potential business fields are also noted as well as important factors that have to be considered to minimize the chance of failure in the new market. Nevertheless, this huge market with its continuously changing constraints and conditions could throw up a lot more obstacles than could be covered in this thesis. Also the internal organizations of individual companies may differ from the one described in the thesis. The objective of this master thesis is thus to set out a set of guidelines for possible approaches. The first two chapters present an overview of the current geographical, political, cultural and economic conditions to familiarize the reader with the background information and constraints needed for the subsequent chapters. The third chapter deals more specifically with the energy market on the Arabian Peninsula, particular in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. This chapter provides information on types of energy, pending developments, country-specific organizations and institutions, as well as means of financing such huge projects. The fourth chapter is devoted exclusively to nuclear energy, starting with the current status and the motivation of the two countries to launch such a development. This is followed by a description of the legal requirements and other commitments as decreed by the countries' governments. These specific legal conditions do not just apply within the countries concerned, but companies which do business there are likewise obliged to follow these regulations. Challenges for countries are opportunities for consultants, and identification of these represents is the core content of this chapter. The content of the fifth chapter is the preparatory measures that are essential prior to entering a foreign market. A company's vision and mission as well as various analyses are needed to provide a sound basis for taking a decision to proceed. In this context, SWOT analysis is noted as well as an evaluation of M.E. Porter's 'Five Forces' to describe the market and internal organizations. After the preparatory measures, the implementation phase follows. This and its various stages are described in Chapter 6. It is inevitable that, to ensure success, many measures will have to implemented and subsequently adjusted. This starts with deployment and steering of business units and proceeds to overcoming difficulties with external parties. Recruitment on a permanent basis of employees is also a prerequisite for sustained business success, together with a staff feedback, incentive and salary system. Chapter 7 sets out methods for evaluating previous years' activities in the new business. The first couple of years after 'start-up' are over and the situation in which the company is now has to be assessed. It is frequently necessary to undertake organizational upgrades, that could amount to a complete reorganization of the business, aided by change management provisions. The final Chapter 8 summarizes the key information and content, and sets forth the need and reasons for strategic deployment. Changes in the market means that companies will have to re-adjust for economic survival. Because the nuclear program of the United Arab Emirates is more advanced than that of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and information is less available in the latter country, the main focus of this thesis is on the UAE. Nevertheless, the KSA is an emerging nuclear market with great ambitious for a nuclear program and so is worthy of mention when discussing constraints and conditions that these countries have in common. Other countries that are members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) do share an interest in nuclear energy but are not yet at the same stage of development as the UAE and KSA. These serve from time to time to support arguments and figures. A sufficient and reliable energy supply is essential for continuous economic development, contributing also to poverty reduction and health care improvement. If these developments are restricted or lacking, often the result is social conflict that could even lead to civil strife. Examples are rural arid areas in the world where there is no access to potable water. A minor local conflict affects the economic development and population of specific countries and often results in regional instability and interventions from outside. The global energy imbalance has been steadily growing over the past couple of decades. Roughly 1.6 billion people live without electricity, and almost 2.4 billion people rely on traditional biomass to cook their daily meals . Modern fuels are not available or are restricted to the upper social strata. There is an almost equal share of the world's population with no access to potable water, so in the struggle for survival the consequences will be social unrest and riots. In some poor countries of the world, the per capita electricity consumption is as low as 50 kWh per annum, compared to developed countries with 8,600 kWh. Worldwide, the provision of energy is dominated by three major challenges. 1. Energy consumption has tripled in the past half century. If this continues, humankind will consume more energy in the 21st century than in the entire past history. This represents an increase of 53% in global energy consumption by 2030. 2. The main energy resources are now scarce, so to ensure economic development, countries will compete with each other to acquire their own supplies. Each country seeks to protect its existing sources and open up new ones. This will not result in a fair distribution of resources, as poor countries are not able to compete with their developed neighbors and lose out, as has often happened in history. 3. To an increasing extent attention is focusing on environmental impacts. Because of the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels bring about a rise in global temperatures. The consequences are long-lasting drought, sea level rise, submerging coastal regions and more destructive storms. For these reasons, many governments are reviewing their present energy mixes and are considering alternatives to avert the consequences of energy scarcity, including the renewal of interest in nuclear energy that has been noted in recent decades. Adoption or resumption of nuclear energy is at least one solution for some countries faced with a threat to the security of their energy supplies. Among others, one benefit of nuclear energy is zero emissions of greenhouse gases during their operating phase and the ability of huge plants to provide electricity reliably and on a large scale. Much engineering effort has been devoted to significantly improving nuclear plant safety in recent decades. Furthermore, although they are finite, there are ample reserves of uranium and, unlike petrochemicals, they are not put to any other use apart from as an energy source. Prospecting is under way for new deposits, as currently in Yemen. The cost of electricity generated by nuclear power is now competitive, but a major concern that has still to be resolved is final storage of down burned nuclear fuel rods. An overview of the economics is provided by a cost comparison of the various electricity generation technologies, as shown in Figure 1-1 below. This survey is ongoing in a couple of countries to seek a basis for taking decisions on their energy strategies. The quoted figures are ballpark estimates, with actual values depending very much on local conditions and the current market situation, but they do serve to provide a rough comparison. The outcome of these calculations is that electricity generation from nuclear fuel is, at 91.0 US Dollar/MWh, much more competitive than firing crude oil at 133.4 US Dollar/MWh. However, a major consideration is the distinction that has to be made between supplying base and peak/cycling load. To meet the demand for base-load electricity, large-scale power plants, like nuclear and those fired with coal and crude oil are more favorable. These need an extended start-up period – ranging from a couple of hours to two or three days – before they can feed power into the grid. Smaller scale plant, like diesel-fired simple-cycle gas turbines and solar power plants are able to rapidly ramp their power output up and down to cover daily consumption peaks. For this reason, nuclear power plants almost exclusively operate continuously at or near peak output to supply base load, together with natural gas-fired combined cycle gas turbine plants and coal-fired power plants. Diesel-fired gas turbines and solar power plants find application for peak and cycling duty. The key factors are listed in the following table, with firstly the operating parameters, which are attributes specific to the various power plant technologies that are taken as basic assumptions for the further calculations. The second sub-heading is key financial constraints, which fix the technology that is more economical. These comprise the capital cost for construction and development as well as long-term costs that are highly cyclical and cannot be so readily predicted as the other costs. The third main distinction is the direct electricity generation costs. These are running costs incurred only during power plant operation and are directly related to the rated power output in MWe. This calculation serves as well to identify companies and utility suppliers for nuclear power generation as well as to broaden the mix of energy supply technologies and reduce dependency on specific primary resources.Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: List of Figures4 List of Abbreviations6 1.Introduction and Objective8 1.1Objective of this Master Thesis8 1.2Introduction9 2.Geographical, Political, Cultural and Economic Conditions13 2.1Geography and Culture13 2.2Economy and Politics14 2.3Political and Social Stability in the UAE18 2.4Relations between the UAE and Germany18 2.5Relationship between the KSA and Germany19 3.Energy Sectors of the Leading Countries on the Arabian Peninsula20 3.1Electricity Generation and Consumption in KSA and UAE20 3.2Water Production and Consumption in the KSA and UAE24 3.3Renewable Energy in the UAE and KSA25 3.4Pending Developments25 3.5Country-specific Organizations and Authorities26 3.6Financing of Power Projects in Arabian Countries27 3.7Summary of Chapter 327 4.Nuclear Energy on the Arabian Peninsula28 4.1Status in the UAE and KSA28 4.2Reasons for Launching a Nuclear Program29 4.3Obligations to Launch a Nuclear Program30 4.4Commitments of the UAE31 4.5Challenges and Potentials of the Nuclear Path33 4.6Global Outlook35 5.Preparations for Market Penetration37 5.1Vision and Mission38 5.2Market Analysis39 5.3Strategic SWOT Analysis41 5.3.1Strengths41 5.3.2Weaknesses45 5.3.3Opportunities46 5.3.4Threats47 5.4Five Elements of Realization Strategy49 5.4.1Arenas (market conditions and valuable segments)49 5.4.2Staging and pacing53 5.4.3Differentiators55 5.4.4Vehicles (course of action)55 5.4.5Economic logic58 5.4.6Summary and checklist of foundation59 6.Execution of the Initial Phase60 6.1Centralization versus Decentralization of Business Units60 6.2Acquisition of New Permanent Employees61 6.2.1Recruitment strategy for employees without experience61 6.2.2Recruitment strategy for experienced employees62 6.2.3Selection of potential candidates63 6.2.4Recruitment process63 6.3Internal Deployment and Organization66 6.3.1Feedback systems66 6.3.2Development of competencies66 6.3.3Incentives and salary systems68 6.3.4Difficulties with external parties69 7.Assessment of Business after 'Start-up Phase'70 7.1Reassessment of Recent Years70 7.2Organizational Improvement Measures72 7.3Change Management and the Reorganization of Business and Markets73 7.3.1Strengthen the position in the existing market74 7.3.2Entering new global markets75 8.Summary76 List of Literature78Textprobe:Text Sample: Chapter 3.3, Renewable Energy in the UAE and KSA: Utility companies in the GCC states are under enormous pressure due to the global scarcity of fossil fuels, which are running out much faster than expected, consequently they are boosting also renewable energies. Governmental agencies have been instructed to review energy consumption in the Middle East and are seeking alternatives to meet the rising demand, which is also in line with the global environmental movement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The long shoreline and high insolation throughout the year are optimal for generating wind, water and photovoltaic power. The following illustrate the efforts made by government agencies for the upcoming year: Abu Dhabi's Masdar City is spending US Dollar 2 billion on promoting solar technology. Saudi Arabia is looking to position itself as a centre for solar energy research and so become a net exporter of energy sourced from renewables. Abu Dhabi is to build the world's largest hydrogen power plant at a cost of US Dollar 15 billion. 'Glance over the borders": Jordan is assessing plans for constructing a wind farm while Qatar is considering solar power. 3.4, Pending Developments: Regarding upcoming developments, the two countries, UAE and KSA, have to be considered separately due to the primary resources that are available. Crude oil and natural gas reserves in Saudi Arabia will last decades more than the resources in the UAE. A further reason is that the quality and composition of the mineral resources are much less favorable in the KSA than in the UAE. This means that their firing for power generation is, for economic reasons, the only reasonable option for their exploitation. In the UAE the situation is different, as there the mineral resources are of much higher quality and are too valuable to fire in power plants. The price obtainable on the world petrochemicals market is much higher than the benefit derived from electricity generation. The UAE therefore has a greater incentive to diversify its power generation and to invest in technologies other than fossil fuels much earlier. Based on the financial and economic crisis, the 'Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie' expects a smoother growth of GDP in 2008 and 2009. This means that ongoing projects with a total CAPEX of US Dollar 378 billion will be postponed or abandoned. Despite these figures, the UAE will remain the most important project market for German companies in the Arabian region. Over the near term, between 2009 and 2011, the UAE expects investments of about US Dollar 540 billion. Showing high potential for investments of about US Dollar 24 billion is expansion of water production and power plant capacities. To participate in this development, frequent consultations and top-level meetings are held to strengthen the relationship between German industry and local agencies like DEWA (Dubai Electrical and Water Authority) and ADWEA (Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority). These authorities organize and guide all water and electricity projects, starting with planning and tendering through to commissioning. Over the past four years, energy consumption in the Emirate of Dubai has increased by around 10,000 GWh. As a consequence, the projection for 2010 is for a new electricity generation capacity of 9 GWe provided by power plants. Likewise electricity transmission has potential for growth. DEWA intends to award contracts annually for more than 6,000 km of HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission lines. DEWA has an estimated annual budget of US Dollar 2 billion.

Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Introduction to dynamic and stochastic resource economics : essays on biodiversity, invasive species, joint systems, and regulation -- Natural resource management -- On some aspects of the management of a stochastically developing forest -- On the choice between the stocking rate and time in range management / with Basudeb Biswas and E. Bruce Godfrey -- Alternate decision rules, the flexibility premium, and land development over time and under uncertainty -- Alternate strategies for managing resistance to antibiotics and pesticides / with Peter Nijkamp -- Biological diversity -- An optimal stopping approach to the conservation of biodiversity -- Habitat conversion, information acquisition, and the conservation of biodiversity -- A theoretical analysis of habitat conversion and biodiversity conservation over time and under uncertainty -- Ecological economics -- On the optimal management of a class of aquatic ecological-economic systems / with Hamid Beladi -- Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of economic and ecological criteria in range management -- Aspects of the management of ecological-economic systems with a safe minimum standard -- Invasive species management -- A theoretical analysis of random inspections and fines in invasive species management / with Seung Jick Yoo -- Trade, the damage from alien species, and the effects of protectionism under alternate market structures / with Hamid Beladi -- An analysis of inspections when economic cost reduction matters more than biological invasion damage control -- Environmental regulation -- Consistency and optimality in a dynamic game of pollution control ii: monopoly -- A stochastic model of waste management with on and off site storage / with Luiz P. Freitas -- The impact of innovation on a polluting firm¿s regulation driven decision to upgrade its capital stock / with Peter Nijkamp

In order to avoid the potentially catastrophic impacts of global warming, the current 3% CO2 global emission growth rate must be transformed to a 1 to 3% declining rate, as soon as possible. This will require a rapid and radical transformation of the world's energy production and end use systems. The current generation of energy technologies are not capable of achieving the level of mitigation required. Next generations of renewable, low carbon generation and end use technologies will be needed. This book quantifies the mitigation challenge. It then considers the status of key technologies needed to protect the planet from serious climate change impact. Current and emerging technologies are characterized for their mitigation potential, status of development and potential environmental impacts. Power generation, mobile sources, industrial and building sectors are evaluated in detail. The importance and unique challenges for rapidly developing countries, such as China and India are discussed. Current global research and development efforts for key technologies are discussed. It is concluded that it will be necessary to substantially upgrade and accelerate the current worldwide RDDD effort on both emerging energy technologies and those enabling technologies needed to improve mitigation effectiveness and economics. It will also be necessary to carefully evaluate the potential environmental characteristics of next generation technologies to avoid unacceptable health and ecological impacts. Finally, given the monumental technological challenge associated with transforming the world's energy system, geoengineering options are evaluated, since if successfully deployed, they have the potential to allow more time for the necessary energy system transformation. 'This book on Climate Change not only gives a clear picture of the problem but suggests many of the pitfalls in solving it and recommends strongly, a research program to fill the gaps in our knowledge. It is a most useful reference book for all aspects of the problem.' William D. Ruckelshaus, Madrona Venture Group/Evergreen Venture

This book explores the causes and implications of the diverse programme of institution-building in East Asia by highlighting political interactions among China, Japan, South Korea, and ASEAN in pursuit of self-interests, the influence of critical juncture in historical trajectory, the representation of policymakers' preferences for political legitimacy in domestic politics, and the involvement of researchers for regional governance formation. Examining two processes of initiating and developing multilateral institutions in five policy areas: trade, finance, food security, energy security, and the environment, Yoshimatsu argues that while Japan initiated the formation of regional institutions and made efforts to upgrade them, China exerted decisive power in determining the degree and direction of the upgrading of regional institutions. Contingent crises or events had significant influences upon institution-building in most cases, but the influence of researchers was generally limited due to close linkages with governmental actors and the lack of internal cohesion.

The life sciences is an industrial sector that covers the development of biological products and the use of biological processes in the production of goods, services and energy. This sector is frequently presented as a major opportunity for policy-makers to upgrade and renew regional economies, leading to social and economic development through support for high-tech innovation. Innovation, Regional Development and the Life Sciences analyses where innovation happens in the life sciences, why it happens in those places, and what this means for regional development policies and strategies. Focusing on the UK and Europe, its arguments are relevant to a variety of countries and regions pursuing high-tech innovation and development policies. The book's theoretical approach incorporates diverse geographies (e.g. global, national and regional) and political-economic forces (e.g. discourses, governance and finance) in order to understand where innovation happens in the life sciences, where and how value circulates in the life sciences, and who captures the value produced in life sciences innovation. This book will be of interest to researchers, students and policy-makers dealing with regional/local economic development.

The U.S. President and nearly all his critics agree that the spread of nuclear weapons and the possibility of their seizure and potential use is the greatest danger facing the United States and the world. Looking at the way government and industry officials downplay the risks of civilian nuclear technology and materials being diverted to make bombs, one would get almost the opposite impression. In fact, most governments have made the promotion of nuclear power's growth and global development a top priority. Throughout, they have insisted that the dangers of nuclear weapons proliferation are manageable either by making future nuclear plants more "proliferation-resistant" or by strengthening International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards and acquiring more timely intelligence on proliferators. How sound is this view? How useful might civilian nuclear programs be for states that want to get nuclear weapons quickly? Are current International Atomic Energy Agency nuclear safeguards sufficient to block military nuclear diversions from civilian programs? Are there easy fixes to upgrade these controls? How much can we count on more timely intelligence on proliferators to stem the further spread of nuclear weapons? This volume taps the insights and analyses of 13 top security and nuclear experts to get the answers. What emerges is a comprehensive counternarrative to the prevailing wisdom and a series of innovative reforms to tighten existing nuclear nonproliferation controls. For any official, analyst, or party concerned about the spread of nuclear technology, this book is essential reading

Since the launch of the Ðổi Mới economic reforms in 1986, Viet Nam has achieved tremendous economic and social progress. Today, it is well integrated on global markets, has enjoyed robust growth, and has seen remarkable poverty reduction. With its recent successful fiscal consolidation, its attractiveness as a trading destination and rapidly growing domestic middle class, Viet Nam faces a window of opportunity for its transition to an inclusive market economy. Three guiderails should form the basis of this strategy: integration, transparency and sustainability. Better integration between state-owned enterprises, foreign investors and domestic private companies in open markets will be key to future performance gains. Partnerships between universities and enterprises would also help upgrade skills and create innovation, thereby making the integration durable. Transparency and performance of government are prerequisites for trust and a key lever to enhance efficiency and productivity in most areas of the state and the economy. A more sustainable development path will need better management of water, air and energy to address climate change. Reforms of the social security system can also ensure that no one is left behind, especially in the face of a fast ageing population.

Intro -- ACTIVITIES IN NUCLEAR SECURITY -- ACTIVITIES IN NUCLEAR SECURITY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 SECURING NUCLEAR MATERIALS: THE 2010 SUMMIT AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Summary -- Introduction -- The Summit -- Expected Summit Outcomes -- Foreign Reactions to the Summit -- The Non-Proliferation Treaty and Nuclear Security -- What Is "Nuclear Security"? -- IAEA Definitions of Nuclear Security -- Challenges to Achieving the Four-Year Goal -- Domestic Nuclear Security Measures -- Multilateral Efforts to Improve Nuclear Security -- The IAEA and Nuclear Security -- Informal Initiatives and Nonproliferation Assistance -- Role of Nongovernmental Organizations and Industry -- Considerations and Options for Congress -- Legislation in the 111th Congress -- Nuclear Security and the FY2011 Congressional Budget Request -- Appendix A. Multilateral Nuclear Security-Related Instruments and Initiatives -- UN Security Council Resolutions -- UN Security Council Resolution 1887, September 2009 -- Treaties -- Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Amendment -- Nuclear Terrorism Convention -- Informal International Initiatives -- Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism -- G-8 Global Partnership -- Proliferation Security Initiative -- Appendix B. U.S. Nuclear Security Assistance to Foreign Countries -- Department of Defense -- Department of Energy, NNSA -- Security Upgrades on HEU Facilities Overseas -- Research Reactor Conversion -- Nuclear Material Disposition -- Second Line of Defense (SLD) Program -- Department of State -- Department of Homeland Security -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SECURITY AND VULNERABILITIES -- Summary -- Overview of Reactor Security -- Design Basis Threat -- Large Aircraft Crashes -- Spent Fuel Storage -- Force-on-Force Exercises -- Emergency Response

Intro -- Introduction -- Presentation of the Work -- The PolimiparaRocinha Project -- Organization and Contributions to the Research Project -- Politecnico di Milano Team -- Master Thesis Works Contributing to the Project -- Project Partners -- Contents -- The Rocinha Favela as a Paradigmatic Case Study of Informal Settlements in Large Cities: Current Situation and Past Slum-Upgrading Programmes -- 1 Global Urbanization and Informal Settlements -- 2 Past Policies for Slum Upgrading in Rio de Janeiro and in the Rocinha Favela -- 2.1 Informal Settlements in Rio de Janeiro -- 2.2 Past Programmes for Slums Upgrading in Rio de Janeiro -- 2.3 Achievements and Limitations of Past Slum-Upgrading Programmes -- 3 The Favela da Rocinha -- 3.1 Main Features -- 3.2 Public Programmes for the Upgrade of the Rocinha Favela -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- The Integrated Modification Methodology -- 1 IMM, the Theory and the Phasing Process -- an Overview -- 1.1 Phase I. Investigation: Analysis and Synthesis -- 1.2 Phase II. Assessment and Formulation -- 1.3 Phase III. Intervention and Modification -- 1.4 Phase IV. Optimization -- 2 Past Examples of IMM Application to Formal Contexts -- 3 Comparison with Other Methodologies/Tools Used for Similar Purposes -- References -- Analysis of the Systemic Arrangements of the Built Environment in the Rocinha Favela with the Integrated Modification Methodology's Diagnostic Phase -- 1 Model Building and Data Gathering -- 2 Horizontal Investigation of the Favela System with IMM Methodology -- 3 Vertical Investigation of the Favela System with IMM Methodology -- 3.1 Porosity -- 3.2 Proximity -- 3.3 Diversity -- 3.4 Accessibility -- 3.5 Effectiveness -- 3.6 Interface -- References -- Solar Technologies as a Driver to Limit Energy Poverty in the Rocinha Favela -- 1 State of the Art and Literature -- 1.1 Introduction.

The global economy and global politics have turned the spotlight on two rising powers, China and India. The pecking order of the two states with their billion-plus populations seems obvious. China is already being seen as a new superpower that is on a par with the US. And whilst India may not be a world power, it dominates South Asia and the Indian Ocean. That is why the Europeans have devoted far more time and energy over the past few years to China, which is a totalitarian regime, than to India, which is a democracy. However, in the recent past moves have been afoot to upgrade the status of India. Whilst it is still too early to speak of a new trend, there are very good reasons why Germany and Europe should cooperate with India. It could be a reliable partner at the start of the 'Asian Century' on account of its cultural similarities, common economic and (security) policy interests, and above all as a result of a shared set of values based on democracy and the rule of law. Urs Schoettli embarked on a career as a reporter in East Asia in the 1980s. He was born in Basle, where he studied philosophy before becoming involved in the political activities of various NGOs at the end of the 1970s. In 1983 he moved to India at the behest of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, and was its Asia correspondent for two decades. He has lived in Delhi, Hong Kong, Beijing and Tokyo, and published numerous books. In 2010 he became an independent consultant on Asian affairs.