Suchergebnisse

Clean, renewable energy for Chinese cities is a priority in air quality improvement. This paper describes the recent Chinese advances in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) hydrogen-fuel-cell-battery vehicles, including buses and trucks. Following the 2016 Chinese government plan for new energy vehicles, bus production in Foshan has now overtaken that in the EU, USA and Japan combined. Hydrogen infrastructure requires much advance to catch up but numbers of filling stations are now increasing rapidly in the large cities. A particular benefit in China is the large number of battery manufacturing companies which fit well into the energy storage plan for hybrid fuel cell buses. The first city to manufacture thousands of PEM-battery hybrid buses is Foshan where the Feichi (Allenbus) company has built a new factory next to a novel fuel cell production line capable of producing 500 MW of fuel cell units per year. Hundreds of these buses are running on local Foshan routes this year, while production of city delivery trucks has also been substantial. Results for energy consumption of these vehicles are presented and fitted to the Coulomb theory previously delineated.

China's development of its New Energy Vehicles industry since 2009 has been strengthened through the "Made in China 2025" plan in 2015. The Chinese authorities have provided numerous supporting policies, but the high financial burden, inconvenience of use, technical uncertainty on the demand side, high battery cost and imperfect competitive domestic market on the supply side have impeded the development of the industry.

The energy management strategy plays a major role in hybrid platforms powered by fuel cells (FCs) and batteries. This paper presents an assessment of energy management focused on fuel economy and battery degradation. Particularly, a proposed heuristic strategy and the widely known equivalent consumption minimization strategy are compared with the optimal solution obtained offline via dynamic programming. The case study is based on a real FC hybrid vehicle. Accordingly, the powertrain model of the vehicle used for the simulations is validated experimentally, and the profile of the power demand is measured from the real application. The results show that the proposed strategy offers the same performance as the equivalent consumption minimization strategy when the battery degradation is prioritized, and in comparison with the optimal off-line solution, it can be seen that there is still margin for improvement in terms of battery degradation. ; This work was supported in part by the Scholarship Program BECAR of Ministerio de Modernizacion of Argentina, under Project DPI2015-69286-C3-1-R and Project DPI2015-69286-C3-2-R (MINECO/FEDER) of the Spanish Government, in part by the European Commission H2020 through the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Project under Project INN-BALANCE 735969 and Project REWIND LIFE13 ENV/ES/000280, in part by the Regional Government of Aragon to the Fluid Mechanics for a Clean Energy Research Group of LIFTEC under Grant T01_17R, in part by the Spanish State Research Agency through the Marí de Maeztu Seal of Excellence to IRI under Grant MDM-2016-0656, and in part by AGAUR of Generalitat de Catalunya through the Advanced Control Systems (SAC) Group under Grant 2017 SGR 482.

Individual motorized transport is a major source of emissions and needs to be reduced to meet international agreements. Although alternatives to internal combustion engine vehicles are already on the market, without extensive political support, adoption remains low. Understanding the drivers of adoption of alternative technologies is key to develop effective measures to accelerate their diffusion. This paper presents personal consumer characteristics and home-location based spatial characteristics of current battery electric vehicle (BEV) and internal combustion engine vehicle holders, in a region free from strong EV policies. Using a generalized linear mixed-effects logistic model on this revealed preference data, we find that BEV ownership is predicted by technology affinity, high income, green party preferences, and living in one's own house. Altogether, the study offers insights on the characteristics of early adopters of BEVs that can be valuable to policymakers, energy grid and charging infrastructure operators, as well as the automotive industry.

Individual motorized transport is a major source of emissions and needs to be reduced to meet international agreements. Although alternatives to internal combustion engine vehicles are already on the market, without extensive political support, electric vehicle (EV) adoption remains low. Understanding the drivers of adoption of alternative technologies is key to develop effective measures to accelerate their diffusion. This paper presents individual consumer characteristics and home-location based spatial characteristics of current battery electric vehicle (BEV) and in-ternal combustion engine vehicle holders, in a region free from strong EV policies. Using a generalized linear mixed-effects logistic model on this revealed preference data, we find that BEV adoption is predicted by technology affinity, high income, green party preferences, and living in one's own house. Altogether, the study offers insights on the characteristics of early adopters of BEVs that can be valuable to policymakers, energy grid and charging infrastructure operators, as well as the automotive industry. ; ISSN:1361-9209 ; ISSN:1879-2340

It is becoming increasingly difficult for the global automotive industry to decarbonize transportation due to numerous factors, including the rise in greenhouse gas and particulate emissions that affect both the climate and human health, the rapid oil depletion, issues with energy security and dependence from foreign sources, and population growth. Our society has been dependent on oil for more than a century, and substantial advances in low- and ultra-low carbon technology and vehicles are urgently needed. Vehicles powered by fuel cells are gradually displacing cars with internal combustion engines. There is still a long way to go before electric vehicles take over the global automobile market, but today's electric vehicles are nearly entirely powered by lithium-ion batteries. In addition to government backing, widespread use of electric vehicles necessitates the development of high-performance and low-cost energy storage technologies, including batteries and other electrochemical. Here, we present a complete assessment of several batteries and hydrogen fuel cells that have the greatest economic viability.

As there is scarcity of energy resources, more and more companies in different countries have put lot of attention to clean energy so as to reduce pollution emissions. Now it's crucial to develop battery electric vehicle (BEV) to meet the government and society's demand. It's not easy though as the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry needs to overcome major challenges related to battery technology and charging infrastructure, both of which have failed to match the rapid pace set by BEVs. There are many factors affecting the wide utilization of BEV. It is vital to study customer satisfaction of BEV and find the way to improve customer satisfaction and identify critical factors. As the relationship between product performance and customer satisfaction is non-linear, the Kano model is used to analyze customer needs for the BEV so that the adoption of BEV in India can be encouraged. There are three approaches to Kano model used to categorize the BEV attributes in broadly four categories such as Must-be (M), One-dimensional (O), Attractive (A) and Indifferent (I) quality. As per the strategic rule M > O > A > I, the priorities of efforts towards promotion and adoption of BEV is identified, i.e., government as well as the vehicle firms have to fulfill all the must-be requirements. They should demonstrate phenomenal improvement of one-dimensional qualities to make the battery electric vehicle competitive to the traditional motor vehicles. Finally, the customers will be amazed if the attractive requirements are fulfilled.

China has formulated a series of industrial policies dedicated to the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs). Researching China&rsquo ; s NEVs industry policy system, particularly its staged evolution characteristics and internal logic, is essential for future optimization of NEVs supporting policy system. In this paper, we use the co-word analysis method and social network analysis method to investigate the policy evaluation of China&rsquo ; s NEVs industry. In total, 154 documents issued by the Chinese central government from 1991 to 2019 are chosen to describe the policy characteristics in four dimensions: policy themes, objects, key process along industry chain, and related measures. We explore policy evolution according to high-frequency words clustering. Results analyzing the policy development history showed that Chinese NEVs industry policy system has incurred the following stages: starting, initial formation, rapid expansion, and now strategic deepening. During the policy evolution in China, policy themes have emphasized the role of technology in NEV development. The industry process involved in policies has covered NEVs production, after-sales service, infrastructure, and battery management. Based on this analysis, we put forward relevant suggestions for improving China&rsquo ; s NEVs industry policy.

With the growing concerns on price fluctuation, depletion of petroleum resources and global warming, environmental and health issues, there is fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) in Macau. Being a city with small geographical size (29.5km2) limiting the travel range of vehicles, Macau has great potential for EV implementation. There is also a pressing need for researchers and power utilities to develop various infrastructures for EVs and strategies for adapting EVs. In November 2010, the Macau Government announced to promote "green vehicles" by offering tax incentives in acquisition of "energy efficient vehicles". During past two years, several public test rides and demonstrations of electric bikes, scooters, mini/mid-size sedans and buses were conducted by manufacturers from Europe, Japan, Taiwan and China. Three battery-powered EVs (BEVs) were imported to Macau, one by the power company and the other by a car renting company in April 2010 and had been running in real-world for nearly two years ; the third was bought by Macau Government in September 2011. A project was launched to investigate the performance of EV, specifically for sub-tropical environment of Macau. Due to the high temperature and humidity, performance of EVs operated in Macau was yet to be understood. Previous experimental studies conducted in the US, Europe or Japan might not reflect the actual local real-road driving conditions. A BEV was used for experiments and evaluation, while an internal combustion engine (ICE) powered counterpart was used as baseline. This project aimed at the road testing of EVs and evaluation of fuel costs and CO2 reductions when EVs are adopted in Macau area.

Last few years' governments are tightening the carbon emission regulations. Moreover, the availability of different financial assistances is available to cut the market share of the fossil fuel vehicles. Conversely, to fill up the gap of the required demand, higher penetration of electrical vehicles is foreseen. The future battery manufacturers strive to meet the ever growing requirement of consumer's demand using the battery as a primary power source of these cars. So naturally, the growing popularity of battery electric and hybrid vehicles have catapulted the car industry in the recent years. The products include for instance: hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery and fuel-cell-battery electric vehicles (EV) and so forth. Undeniably, the battery is one of the most significant parts in all of those. Furthermore, stationary storage is another aspect of an emerging field. It represents next generation smart grids, for instance, photovoltaic (PV) with battery users. Additionally, the stakeholders in the energy sector are anticipating higher market share of the battery system as different battery powered system is penetrating into the consumer market. Currently, there is a revolution going on the power-system domain. The dumb grids are turning into a smart grid that contains computer intelligence and networking abilities to accommodate dispersed renewable generations (e.g. solar, wind power, geothermal, wave energy and so forth). The battery takes a primary role both as stationary and transportable source of energy in these cases. The phenomenon demonstrates economic and environmental benefits. It changes the fundamental structure of the paradigm of the status quo of the energy system with battery. So battery driven applications have been taken onto the centre stage in the current world. However, while the expanding battery market is alluring, the performance, safety, and security of the EV more specifically battery related thermal management – particularly is a barrier to mass deployment. This represents a non-trivial challenge for the battery suppliers, EV manufacturers, and smart grid developers. The industry is under intense pressure to enhance the performance of the battery. The industry is seeking for a suitable indicator to select the optimum battery showing the accurate efficiency level. It helps to bring products with an optimum efficiency. Furthermore, it assists them to produce tailored product with appropriate efficiency to meet the consumer demand. Moreover, the battery system users can benefit from the better pricing of the system that can provide the desired amount of efficiency. So there may be successful battery product with a higher level of adoption.Ultimately, it helps industrial battery users for example automakers to achieve a higher level of profitability.