Suchergebnisse

This article focuses on the strategies used by the priest Francisco de Paula Castañeda to reinforce a certain image from political situation whose operation is constructed between the colonial thought and some ideas of the Enlightenment. ; Este trabajo analiza la intersección del discurso colonial y cierto ámbito de las ideas ilustradas en la conformación de la imagen enunciadora del sacerdote Francisco de Paula Castañeda, un actor representativo del surgimiento del discurso polémico en el Río de la Plata.

The sovereign state as the centre of political power. The Westphalia System. Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Thought. Twentieth-century International Political Theory. Self-Determination and Non-intervention. From the world of states to the citizens of the world. Inclusion and world arrangement: steps forward and failures. Something goes wrong in the current system of global governance: the democratic deficit. Recent failures in the global governance system: concentrated power and wide-spread suffering. Cosmopolitan Democracy and the question of inclusion and exclusion. The project of Cosmopolitan Democracy: interrelated levels of governance and the world constitution. ; The sovereign state as the centre of political power. The Westphalia System. Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Thought. Twentieth-century International Political Theory. Self-Determination and Non-intervention. From the world of states to the citizens of the world. Inclusion and world arrangement: steps forward and failures. Something goes wrong in the current system of global governance: the democratic deficit. Recent failures in the global governance system: concentrated power and wide-spread suffering. Cosmopolitan Democracy and the question of inclusion and exclusion. The project of Cosmopolitan Democracy: interrelated levels of governance and the world constitution. ; LUISS PhD Thesis

This volume explores the relevance of decline within the republican tradition. The essays in this volume focus on the Dutch Republic during the revolutionary era, as well as early modern Spain and Venice, the German Enlightenment, and the Weimar Republic. ; Readership: Students of republicanism, political culture, intellectual history, the history of political thought, the Age of Enlightenment and Revolutions, the history of the Netherlands, early modern European history, and German history.

Susan Mendus investigates the significance of love in moral and political philosophy. She argues for a re-interpretation of both enlightenment and feminist thinking, and shows how the former often takes love as central, while the latter draws our attention to human vulnerability and neediness. By combining the insights of enlightenment philosophy and feminist theory, the book aims to provide a new understanding of the role of love in moral and political philosophy.

Preprint rozdziału: Liliana Górska, Abseits der Aufklärungszentren. Die Volksbildungssituation in der gemischtsprachigen Provinz Westpreußen um 1800, opublikowanego w książce: Volksbildung durch Lesestoffe im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Voraussetzungen – Medien – Topographie, red. R. Siegert, P. Hoare, P. Vodosek, Bremen 2012, s. 301–322. ; The 18th-century movement of Popular Enlightenment and popular education extended in a significant way to Poland and to the Polish region of "Royal Prussia" (from 1772 part of the Kingdom of Prussia as the province of West Prussia), with its three important cities of Danzig, Thorn and Elbing (today Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg). A very suitable environment for the growth of Popular Enlightenment thinking was provided by the earliest scientific societies, which appeared in Danzig in 1720 and 1742, in Elbing in 1721 and in Thorn in 1752, but also by the Collegium Nobilium, an elite secondary school in Warsaw for sons of the Polish nobility, established in 1740, and the Załuski Library founded in Warsaw in 1747 which influenced the Prussian elites as well. The dynamic development of these societies and institutions not only encouraged the study of the natural and human sciences but also ensured that their members and users became the principal bearers of Enlightenment ideas. One should not expect to find an especially large amount of Popular Enlightenment publications within the field of reform and education in Royal Prussia, though this does not mean that such material was not published. In comparison with the aristocratic Republic of Poland, however, the amount was small. Literary production of this kind in the Republic was notable particularly in Warsaw, Cracow, Vilna (Vilnius) and Lemberg (Lwow), and was closely linked to Catholicism, since it was in these places that Roman Catholic clergy were concerned with this reform movement which touched all areas of life. In the second half of the 18th century this derived above all from the activities of the Commission for National Education, and from the Society for Elementary Books, established on 10 February 1775, which encouraged the publication of textbooks (hitherto relatively scarce) and provided expertise and inspiration for all the institutions of educational reform. However. Popular Enlightenment in Royal Prussia also deserves to be mentioned. In Danzig, Thorn and Elbing, as well as in smaller towns of less political importance, such as Marienwerder or Kulm, texts with Popular Enlightenment ideas were produced or translated into Polish, medical handbooks for the common man were published, and articles on practical subjects were reprinted in weekly newspapers. All Enlightenment efforts had to encounter many obstacles in their fulfillment. On the one hand it depended on the religious and linguistic differences of cities and the countryside, and for that reason the new Enlightenment ideas which were provided by German speaking Lutherans could not reach fossilized conservative Polish speaking Catholic countryside. On the other hand Royal Prussia was rather a cultural autonomous and closed region where no meaningful changes like those in Western Europe should be expected. Nevertheless the intellectual elites of Royal Prussia managed to spread the ideas of law-abiding citizen, patriot and thorough householder in the country. The paper demonstrates general socio-humanistic conditions and achievements in Royal Prussia, which made the movement of Popular Enlightenment possible, and indicates basis thoughts on school system and education in this region. Its main part reviews the most significant publications which were produced or translated from other languages into German or Polish and concerned medical, ethical, economical and pedagogical essences and their meaning. The emphasis is put on comparison of popular newspaper articles and other handbooks which provided the common man with diverse Enlightenment ideas. In the end the researchers get at their disposal many old print collections and manuscripts in libraries and archives in Danzig, Thorn and Elbing as well as in smaller towns of this region. They are still waiting for a comprehensive analysis which will take into consideration not only single parts of this material, but also the whole Popular Enlightenment phenomenon in Royal Prussia.

At least since John Locke's observation (in his Second Treatise of Government, 1690) that "in the beginning, all the world was America", Western thinkers have engaged in the practice of treating non‐Western people as if they were living in the European past, a practice which remains pervasive within contemporary social and political thought. This article begins to chart the genealogy of this practice, exploring its classical (ancient Greek and Roman) antecedents as well as its European Renaissance and Enlightenment variants. We focus particularly, in this latter regard, on the European discovery of America and the revolt by sixteenth‐century Protestant historians against the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire.

Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. What is Freedom of Speech? -- Chapter 2. The Free Networks of the Enlightenment -- Chapter 3. A New Golden Age of Enlightenment? -- Chapter 4. The Digital Enlightenment Project Facing Challenges -- Chapter 5. The Internet 3.0 -- Chapter 6. Attention and Dopamine Hits -- Chapter 7. Tech Companies as Ad-Brokers -- Chapter 8. Improving the World or Capitalizing on it? -- Chapter 9. Free Speech Under Pressure -- Chapter 10. Nudity and the Digital Community -- Chapter 11. Facebook's Content Removal Manual -- Chapter 12. Facebook and Google as Offices of Censorship -- Chapter 13. Entrusting Government Control to Private Tech Giants -- Chapter 14. The First Digital Losers -- Chapter 15. Distortion of the Public Sphere -- Chapter 16. Trust Busting the Tech Giants? -- Chapter 17. The Role of Civil Society -- Chapter 18. A Digital Hangover

The article is devoted to such an interesting, but little-studied period in American history as the American Enlightenment. Examines the ideological sources of this process, similarities and differences with the European Enlightenment. Exam-ines such features of American Education, American democracy, American pragma-tism, American education and American religion. Examines the causes and origins of these phenomena, their specific features and how these features of the American enlightenment influenced the emerging American mentality. ; Статья посвящена малоизученному явлению американской истории - американскому Просвещению. Рассматриваются идейные истоки этого процесса, общие черты и различия с Просвещением европейским. Анализируются такие особенности американского Просвещения, как американская демократия, американский прагматизм, американское образование и американская религиозность. Рассматриваются причины и истоки этих явлений, их специфические черты, а также то, как эти особенности американского Просвещения повлияли на складывающийся американский менталитет.

HUMAN RIGHTS — FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO THE INFORMATION SOCIETYThe author of the article analyses the origins of human rights from the Enlightenment period to the information society. First, she points to the establishment and development of the idea by Enlightenment thinkers. Speaking of the historical development of human rights, we have to bear in mind that it is not about the emergence or evolution of human rights as such. Their development is determined by socio-political conditions and spatial-temporal factors.Social transformation leading to the emergence of the information society has shaped awareness of human rights in the sense that information and communication technologies should not be regarded as an end in themselves. Next the author examines the problem of informational exclusion or digital divide as well as the impact of the virtual reality on people's lives in real society.

Discusses bourgeois revolutions & the extent (if at all) to which they were revolutionary. Theories of bourgeois revolution are considered, especially as they pertain to the Enlightenment, pre-Marxian British & French political upheavals. Next, the theoretical stance of Marx & Engels on socioeconomic transition & bourgeois as well as proletarian revolutions is detailed, along with the elaborations of later Marxists such as Lenin, Trotsky, & Stalin. Isaac Deutscher & the recuperation of the classical Marxist theories are also examined. The penultimate section historicizes bourgeois revolution from Roman antiquity through October 1917, when socialism became a possibility rather than the nebulous goal of an abstract & distant future. The conclusion addresses some reasons for Marxists' tendency to overlook the impact of bourgeois revolutions. References. K. Coddon

The Rule of Law is the core of our political and legal ideology, but the Rule of Law increasingly is attacked as an unattainable goal. Postmoder theorists challenge whether it makes sense to believe that rules can be formulated for general application and then later neutrally applied by decision makers. Postmodern theorists reject the nlightenment world view and its political corollary, classical liberalism. The author agrees with the spirit of the postmoder critique, but argues that we can understand the Rule of Law in a manner consonant with postmodern thought. Drawing on the Continental tradition of hermeneutics, or the philosophy of interpretation, the Rule of Law is reformulated in accordance with the insights of the post-Enlightenment era. This article first reviews Dean Geoffrey Walker's recent attempt to defend the Rule of Law from a post-Enlightenment perspective. Dean Walker describes the emerging post-Enlightenment world view as it is reflected in disparate fields that include quantum physics and Taoism. However, Dean Walker's approach remains wedded to Enlightenment conceptions. His efforts can only serve as the springboard for a more productive hermeneutical inquiry. The Enlightenment vision of rational, insular subjects decoding the objective world does not accurately portray the experience of understanding and knowing. Given that the natural sciences are now viewed as irremediably intersubjective and interpretive practices, it is no surprise that legal practice has been stripped of its formalist pretensions. The author describes how this inescapable hermeneutical situation does not preclude the Rule of Law, but rather is the very foundation of the Rule of Law.

"Reason is often thought of as a fixed entity, as a definitive body of facts that do not change over time. But during the Enlightenment reason was also seen as a process, as a set of skills enacted on a daily basis. How, why, and where were these skills learned? Concentrating on the notebooks created by Scottish students over the course of the long eighteenth century, Matthew Eddy argues that notekeeping was a mode of writing and rewriting reason. He reveals it as a capability-building exercise that enabled students to mobilize everyday forms of material culture in a way that empowered them to judge and enact the enlightened principles they encountered in the classroom. The cognitive skills required to make and use notebooks were not simply aids to reason-they were part of reason itself. The book begins by problematizing John Locke's comparison of the mind to a blank piece of paper, the tabula rasa. Although it is one of the most recognizable metaphors of the British Enlightenment, scholars seldom consider why it was so successful for those who used it. Eddy makes a case for using the material culture of early modern manuscripts to expand the meaning of the metaphor in a way that offers a clearer understanding of the direct relationship that notekeepers learned to draw between reasoning and notekeeping. Starting in the home, moving to schools, and then ending with universities, the rest of the book explores this argument by reconstructing the relationship from the bottom up. Media and the Mind will prove useful to those interested in book history, manuscript culture, history of education, history of childhood, Scottish Enlightenment philosophy, and the Enlightenment broadly understood"--

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Enlightenment in the Peat Moss -- PART ONE: A NEW WORLD IN THE NORTH -- 1 The Moral Geography of Scotland -- 2 Natural History and Civil Cameralism -- 3 Improving the Scottish Climate -- PART TWO: RIVAL ECOLOGIES -- 4 Alternate Highlands -- 5 Rival Ecologies of Global Commerce -- 6 Larch Autarky -- PART THREE: STATIONARY HIGHLANDS -- 7 Coal Exhaustion in 1789 -- 8 Overpopulation and Extirpation -- 9 Wasteland Island -- 10 "A Stationary Condition for Ever" -- Conclusion: The Ghosts of the Enlightenment -- Maps -- List of Abbreviations -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Illustrations.

AbstractIn the three centuries since the publication of theTwo Treatises, a trail set down by Locke, although scarcely concealed, has gone unremarked—as has its final destination. If we miss this trail, we miss the work's coherence. If we follow this trail, we find a compelling, even shocking, case against Revelation as an independent source of authority. And we find a theory of property so powerful—certainly in Locke's own estimation—it compels the reconstitution of the relation between children and parents, wives and husbands, servants and masters, persons and polities, and ultimately between man and God. Indeed, Locke's story of the right of property is also the story of man's coming into his own, his coming into his own mind, freed from the irrational claims of Revelation. Thus, Locke's theory of property is nothing less than a story of man's Enlightenment.