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This dissertation is concerned with "third-party" or "external" effects that pervade the economic dimension of human action. As an instance of these effects, actions in a specific market, the labor market, are isolated and studied. In the first part of the dissertation, the evolution of labor law in the United States is traced from the earliest recorded labor court case in 1806 through the present. In examining the dialogue surrounding changes in labor entitlements, it is found that the ubiquity of external effects in the labor relation has been historically recognized by lawmakers as they grappled with the design of optimal legal rules. The second part begins with an examination of economists' views of the labor relation. A survey of views indicates that economists have failed to approach labor actions in a manner that is both analytic and cognizant of the pervasive interdependence in labor. The concluding chapter of the dissertation attempts to integrate the disparate viewpoints of lawmakers and economists py viewing labor actions in a manner which highlights the external effects. Borrowing from the literature on "externalities," the chapter demonstrates that there exists a continuum of possible magnitudes of external effects in labor. ; Doctor of Philosophy

People who feel entitled to admiration and respect from others do not make good companions. This research shows one reason why. Entitled people adopt self-image goals (goals that aim to construct and defend a positive self-image), which then lead to interpersonal conflict and hostility. Studies 1A and 1B documented a unique relation between entitlement and self-image goals. Study 2 extended these results by showing, via a longitudinal design, that entitlement prospectively predicts chronic self-image goals. These chronic self-image goals then predict chronic relationship conflict and hostility, all averaged over 10 weeks. Further, Study 2 revealed that self-image goals mediate the effect of pretest entitlement on both weekly hostility and conflict. These results suggest that by pursuing self-image goals, entitled people create conflict and hostility in their relationships.

Inflation-adjusted household income for most Americans peaked at the end of the Clinton administration. One would certainly expect that income would be lower today after the Great Recession and the modest recovery that has followed it. But even prior to the recession, most families' incomes remained below their 1999-2000 peak. Declining real incomes and extended bouts of unemployment intersect with the structure of America's safety net to increase the number of people eligible for existing programs. The list of battleground states hasn't changed much in the past twenty years, and is unlikely to change much before 2016. That means the next Republican nominee must pick up the electoral votes needed to win from a small group of states: Florida, Virginia, Ohio, Iowa, Colorado, Wisconsin, New Hampshire and Nevada. In the present crisis, antigovernment fundamentalism threatens to place the two at odds with one another, to fatal effect for conservatism and for the country. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThis study examines the effect of Social Security benefits on food security at the early entitlement age (EEA). The data come from the supplements of the Current Population Survey, years 2001 to 2017. The results show that Social Security benefits decreased food insecurity near the EEA, particularly during and after the Great Recession. Specifically, the rate of very low food secure decreased discontinuously at the EEA by approximately 0.94 percentage points, a 6.6% drop from a rate of 15.1% at age 61. The results are especially large and robust for widowed householders.