Suchergebnisse

This book contains 16 chapters aiming to better understand urban waste water use in agriculture in developing countries (Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and Asia), and detailed case study documentation of what works and what does not. It makes pragmatic recommendations aimed at protecting both the public health and farmers' income. This volume will be of significant interest to those working in hydrology, soil science, agricultural engineering, development economics, public health, development studies, urban and peri-urban agriculture and water resource policies.

The World Bank's Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP) has spent several years exploring the linkages between the media and governance reform. The first stage of this process produced public sentinel: news media and governance reform, an edited volume that explored key issues surrounding the role of the media in democratic governance and the policy interventions that might enable this role. This how-to guide represents the second stage of that process: turning theoretical and policy conclusions into a practical guide for those seeking to enhance good governance by empowering the media. An early needs assessment revealed limited understanding of media development and the role it can play in foster accountable governance. This toolkit accordingly provides the why, how, when, and what of supporting the development of independent, pluralistic and sustainable media.

Part I. Background -- Chapter 1. Coupled Earth System and Human Processes - An Introduction to the Book and SPACES and the Book -- Chapter 2. Unique Southern African Terrestrial and Oceanic Biomes and Their Relation to Steep Environmental Gradients -- Chapter 3. Environmental Challenges to Meeting Sustainable Development Goals in Southern Africa -- Chapter 4. Overview of the Macro-Economic Drivers of the Region -- Part II. Drivers of Climatic Variability and Change in Southern Africa -- Chapter 5. Past Climate Variability in the Past Millennium -- Chapter 6. Southern Africa Climate over the Recent Decades: Description, Variability, and Trends -- Chapter 7. Projections of Future Climate Change in Southern Africa and the Potential for Regional Tipping Points -- Chapter 8. The Agulhas Current System as an Important Driver for Oceanic and Terrestrial Climate -- Chapter 9. Physical Drivers of Southwest African Coastal Upwelling and Its Response to Climate Variability and Change -- Chapter 10. Regional Land-Atmosphere Interactions in Southern Africa: Potential Impact and Sensitivity of Forest and Plantation Change -- Part III. Science in Support of Ecosystem Management -- Chapter 11. Studies of the Ecology of the Benguela Current Upwelling System – the TRAFFIC Approach -- Chapter 12. The Application of Palaeoenvironmental Research in Supporting Land Management Approaches and Conservation in South Africa -- Chapter 13. Soil Erosion Research and Soil Conservation Policy in South Africa -- Chapter 14. Biome Change in Southern Africa -- Chapter 15. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions in Southern African Savanna Rangelands: Threats, Impacts and Solutions -- Chapter 16. Managing Southern African Rangeland Systems in the Face of Drought – A Synthesis of Observation, Experimentation, and Modeling for Policy and Decision Support -- Chapter 17. A Fine Line Between Carbon Source and Sink – Potential CO2 Sequestration Through Sustainable Grazing Management in the Nama-Karoo -- Chapter 18. Trends and Barriers to Wildlife-Based Options for Sustainable Management of Savanna Resources – The Namibian Case -- Chapter 19. Feed Gaps among Cattle Keepers in Semiarid and Arid Southern African Regions: A Case Study in the Limpopo Province, South Africa -- Chapter 20. Agricultural Land-Use Systems and Management Challenges -- Chapter 21. The Need for Sustainable Agricultural Land-Use Systems: Benefits from Integrated Agroforestry Systems -- Chapter 22. Management Options for Macadamia Orchards with Special Focus on Water Management and Ecosystem Services -- Chapter 23. Potential of Improved Technologies to Enhance Land Management Practices of Small-Scale Farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa -- Part IV. Monitoring and Modelling Tools -- Chapter 24. A New Era of Earth Observation for the Environment – Spatio-Temporal Monitoring Capabilities for Land Degradation -- Chapter 25. The Marine Carbon Footprint: Challenges in the Quantification of CO2 Uptake by the Biological Carbon Pump in the Benguela Upwelling System -- Chapter 26. Dynamics and Drivers of Net Primary Production (NPP) in Southern Africa Based on Estimates from Earth Observation and Process-Based Dynamic Vegetation Modelling -- Chapter 27. Comparison of Different Normalisers for Identifying Metal Enrichment of Sediment – A Case Study from Richards Bay Harbour, South Africa -- Chapter 28. Catchment and Depositional Studies for the Reconstruction of Past Environmental Change in Southern Africa -- Chapter 29. Observational Support for Regional Policy Implementation – Land Surface Change under Anthropogenic and Climate Pressure in Saldi Study Sites -- Part V. Synthesis and Outlook -- Chapter 30. Research Infrastructures as Anchor Points for Long-Term Environmental Observation -- Chapter 31. Lessons Learned from a North-South Science Partnership for Sustainable Development -- Chapter 32. Synthesis and Outlook on Future Research and Scientific Education in Southern Africa.

This policy brief outlines how feminist development policy can be locally enacted by taking an intersectional approach to the provision of assistance to refugees and displaced persons. Refugee-led organisations (RLOs) play a key role in providing collective services, particularly in contexts where the host government is unlikely or unwilling to provide access to local social services. This is especially true in non-camp settings, and as global refugee policy moves away from encampment as a response to refugees the role of RLOs in refugees' daily lives will only increase. While RLOs are an important part of life in a refugee community, they can be especially useful in supporting the needs of women, children, LGBTIQ refugees, ethnic minorities and diverse-ability refugees across multiple refugee communities city- or region-wide. Taking an inter¬sectional approach to understanding the role of RLOs, in particular RLOs led by women, can help policy-makers identify networks of local actors who can effective¬ly meet the social needs of all members of a local refugee community, including those who face particular marginali¬sation due to gender, sexual, religious or ethnic identity. The intersectional approach to working with RLOs focuses on meeting the needs of marginalised identity groups across the entire refugee population in a city or region. For example, refugees representing multiple ethnic groups or nationalities might have their own ethnic or national RLO, but that RLO may not be able to meet the unique needs of women, children, LGBTIQ and reli¬gious minorities within the community. An inter-sectional approach means engaging all the RLOs in a city or region to meet the social, health and protection needs of margin¬alised community members, with the under¬standing that in doing so the wider needs of all community members will be met. RLOs are part of a wider ecosystem of services and organisations that support refugees, and while they play a unique role in enacting feminist development policy for refugees, they have limitations. Policy-makers should engage them alongside official authorities from the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), and the host country govern¬ment when possible. Given the challenges and opportuni¬ties that come with taking an intersectional approach to meeting refugees' needs through engage¬ment with women-led RLOs, we offer the following recommendations to policy-makers: • Funding RLOs in situations where refugees have no legal status is challenging. In many cases, RLOs can provide intersectional social services, but often need funding to do so. Donors can localise their programming by funding NGOs that collaborate with RLOs, and allowing NGOs to redistribute funding to their RLO partners. • Trusting RLOs as a mediator for connecting refugees to official protection and legal services. Refugees living in situations where they may not have legal status often trust RLOs more than they do official agencies such as UNHCR. Donors can therefore support RLOs in providing protection against hostile legal environments for asylum seekers. • Mitigating risks associated with RLOs' ethnic, national, and religious biases. RLOs come with their own limitations and problems. They are often informal institutions, and in many cases lack UNHCR's legal status. Since they are community-based, they can also at times replicate existing biases within an ethnic or national community. Donors should be aware of this risk when working with RLOs.

Responsible consumption and production are key to sustainable development, and are therefore a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12) in their own right. Consumption and production patterns also need to be socially responsible and economically viable. Private-sector requirements and state supply chain regulations, which have become more widespread in recent years, are designed to ensure that products consumed in high-income countries but manufactured (at least partially) in low-income countries are produced in line with certain social and environmental standards. Although progress has been made, many questions remain, particularly regarding whether the local social and economic impacts are sufficient. Cotton made in Africa (CmiA) is a certification initiative within the textile industry. Established 18 years ago as part of one of the largest public-private partnerships of German Development Cooperation with private foundations and private companies around an agriculture-based supply chain, CmiA – like its sister scheme the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) – seeks to ensure compliance with specific environmental and social conditions in the cotton production process. Wherever it is implemented and monitored, the CmiA-standard provides retailers and consumers with the assurance that the cotton in the textiles and garments in question has been produced in line with CmiA-requirements. Up to now, about one million smallholder households with six to seven million family members in Africa produce under the label. This Policy Brief reflects on the impact that the introduction of CmiA has had on certified farmers, as well as on the challenges facing this standard following its successful market launch, and draws broader lessons learned for sustainability standards. The key findings are as follows: • CmiA shows that sustainability standards do not only work for high-priced niche markets but can also be implemented in the mass market. • While cotton is a non-food cash crop, the revenues it generates can boost food security among smallholders via the income channel and can also promote local food production through a number of other impact channels. • Standard-setting must be accompanied by support for farmers so that they are able to comply and activate impact channels. It remains a huge challenge not only to guarantee social and ecological standards but also to achieve a "living income" for smallholder farmers. • For all the benefits of publicly funding the start-up phase of implementing sustainability standards, it must be ensured that these standards are subsequently financed from the value chain itself. Textile retailers and consumers ultimately have to pay for the goods they consume and which have been manufactured under sustainable conditions. • As the mass-market implementation of sustainability standards takes time and patience, we cannot expect to see dramatic improvements in the local living conditions and incomes of the farmers in the short to medium term. Instead, this will require continuous investment in smallholder production and in the local environments over many years. • Transitioning from pesticide-intensive production to a system that does not use such products without major productivity losses is challenging but seems feasible. • In order to determine whether, and to what extent, the wellbeing of smallholder farmers is increased by complying with sustainability standards, good and continuous impact assessment is needed and this must be adapted to the especially complex conditions of African smallholder agriculture.

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child significantly strengthened the legal basis for recognising children as actors with agency and a voice. In contrast to this, children in displacement contexts are still commonly portrayed as victims without agency. Children are dependent on adults, but that does not mean that they have no right to participate in decisions that affect their lives. This policy brief sheds light on the active role that children in displacement situations can take in their daily lives to shape refugee–host interactions and local integration in camp settings. It discusses how the role of children in the social integration of refugees can be strengthened and supported, indicating potential areas for intervention. With 40 per cent of the displaced population worldwide being below the age of 18, children form a significant part of this group (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR], 2023). However, there continues to be limited information on the perspectives and experiences of children in displacement situations, particularly those living in the Global South. Although there is some knowledge regarding interventions to support the integration of refugee children, not much has been said about their own initiatives with respect to social integration and mediating the circumstances that displacement and encampment entail. Children change the world around them and invariably impact the adult-dominated processes of migration and integration when they participate. Independently from adults, children negotiate and construct relations during their interactions in public and private spaces, such as in (pre-)schools, organised sporting events and in private meeting points. They develop friendships and share learning materials, food and language. Through their agency, children build relations that are critical for the process of integration. This can transcend adult-dominated notions about the safety and securitisation of displacement contexts, thus transforming the conflict rhetoric associated with refugee–host community relations. The role of children has become even more salient in view of efforts to facilitate integration through the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), a key framework guiding refugee policy in many refugee-hosting countries in the Global South. At the same time, children's unique growth and developmental needs have to be adequately understood and incorporated into integration policies and programmes. In this policy brief, we call for a change in policy and pro¬gramming to recognise and support children's critical role in social integration. We make the following recommendations to host governments, international agencies and local partners active in refugee camp settings to: • Support more data collection and analysis of children's actions in building relations that can foster integration in different displacement contexts. • Ensure that children are included as a special category in policy frameworks. Their interests and needs should be taken into account by listening to their voices and providing platforms for exchanges with adults, policy-makers and practitioners. • Create more opportunities for refugee and host community children to interact inside and outside of school environments. • Support sensitisation programmes that bring together parents of refugee and host community children to understand the role of children in the integration process and to ensure that the views of adults as parents and guardians are also listened to and addressed. • Address negative stereotypes and open conflicts between refugee and host community children that restrict free and positive interactions. This can include fostering dialogue and peaceful means to resolve conflicts as well as facilitating cooperation.

Part I. Protected Values -- Chapter 1. Humanity -- Chapter 2. Self-determination of Peoples -- Chapter 3. International Rule of Law -- Chapter 4. The Common Heritage of Mankind -- Chapter 5. Human Rights: Between Universalism and Relativism -- Part II. Law -- Chapter 6. The Use of Force in International Law -- Chapter 7. The UN Security Council: from Preserving State Sovereignty to Protecting Humanity -- Chapter 8. UN Security Council Sanctions and International Peace and Secutiry: Context, Controversies and (Legal) Challenges -- Chapter 9. Peace(keeping) Operations: Soldiers without Enemies? -- Chapter 10. The Status of Forces Agreements -- Chapter 11. International Human Rights Law -- Chapter 12. Direct Participation in Hostilities -- Chapter 13. The Conduct of Hostilities -- Chapter 14. Chemical Weapons -- Chapter 15. Nuclear Weapons -- Chapter 16. Blinding Laser Weapons -- Chapter 17. Fuel Air Explosive Weapons -- Chapter 18. Current Issues of The Hague Law -- Chapter 19. Military Space Operations -- Chapter 20. The Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources in Armed Conflict -- Chapter 21. The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict and Occupation -- Chapter 22. Transnational and International Criminal Law -- Chapter 23. International Anti-Corruption Law -- Chapter 24. The Due Diligence Obligations of International Organisations Engaged in Disaster Management -- Part III: Institutions -- Chapter 25. Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) -- Chapter 26. European Union (EU): Security, Conflict and Migration -- Chapter 27. Association of East Asian Nations (ASEAN) -- Chapter 28. Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) -- Chapter 29. Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) -- Chapter 30. Other "Hybrid" Tribunals -- Chapter 31. Post-Conflict Justice Mechanisms -- Chapter 32. INTERPOL -- Chapter 33. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) -- Chapter 34. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) -- Chapter 35. World Health Organisation (WHO) -- Chapter 36. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) -- Chapter 37. International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement -- Chapter 38. Human Rights and Humanitarian NGOs -- Part IV. Challenges -- Chapter 39. Climate Change and Armed Conflict -- Chapter 40. Poaching and Wildlife Trafficking as a Threat to International Peace and Security -- Chapter. 41. The Use of Force in Pursuance of the Right to Self-Determination -- Chapter 42. The African Region´s Pushback against Mercenaries -- Chapter 43. International Humanitarian Protection to Disabled and Elderly People in Armed Conflict Zones. Chapter 44. The Politics of International Justice -- Chapter 45. Poverty -- Part V. Crimes -- Chapter 46. Genocide -- Chapter 47. Crimes against Humanity -- Chapter 48. The Crime of Apartheid.-Chapter 49. War Crimes -- Chapter 50. The Crime of Aggression: The Fall of the Supreme International Crime? -- Chapter 51. Military Ecocide -- Chapter 52. Religious Extremism -- Chapter 53. Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking -- Chapter 54. Organised Crime -- Part VI. Case Studies -- Chapter 55. Cambodia -- Chapter 56. Myanmar -- Chapter 57. Northern Cyprus -- Chapter 58. Former Yugoslavia -- Chapter 59. Northern Ireland: The Right to Life, Victim Mobilisation, and the Legacy of Conflict -- Chapter 60. The "War on Terror" -- Chapter 61.Jihad Misplaced for Terrorism: An Overview of the Boko Haram Crisis from Islamic and International Humanitarian Law Perspectives -- Chapter 62. Accountability of Religious Actors for CConflicts Motivated by Religion -- Chapter 63. The Children vs The Church: Human Rights and the Holy See in the Sex Abuse Crisis -- Chapter 64. The Role of International Law in the Prevention and Resolution of Possible Conflicts over Water in Central Asia: A Comparative Study with Special Reference to the European Union (EU). .

Antifungal Drugs from Endophytic Microbes: Present and Future Prospects / Rajreepa Talukdar, Sushmita Paul, and Kumananda Tayung -- Bioactive Compounds and Herbal Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease / Jayashree Prusty, and Srikanta Jena -- Wild Cucurbits: An Ethnomedicinally Important Plant Species for Aboriginals of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India / Yasaswinee Rout, Sanjeet Kumar, Gitishree Das, and Jayanta Kumar Patra -- The Miracle Plant--Moringa / Karabi Biswas and Sankar Narayan Sinha -- Biomedical Application of Polymeric Biomaterial: Polyhydroxybutyrate / S. Mohapatra, D. Mohanty, S. Mohapatra, S. Sharma, S. Dikshit,I. Kohli, and D.P. Samantaray -- Thermostable Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase (CGTase): Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Application of Cyclodextrins and Its Enzymatic Production / Amrita Swain, Luna Samanta, and Dhananjay Soren -- Mangrove Plants in Therapeutic Management of Diabetes: An Update / Swagat Kumar Das, Dibyajyoti Samantaray, and Swatismita Behera -- Microalgae as a Viable Bioresource for Sustainable Biofuel Production Through Biorefinery Technologies / Bunushree Behera, Suman Nayak, S. Rangabhashiyam, R. Jayabalan, and P. Balasubramanian -- Fruit Peel Waste "Biorefinery" and Sustainability Issues / Pranav D. Pathak, Saurabh N. Joglekar, Sachin A. Mandavgane, and Bhaskar D. Kulkarni -- Utilization of Bioresources: Toward Biomass Valorization for Biofuels / Samuel Eshorame Sanni, Oluranti Agboola, Emetere Moses, Emeka Okoro, Sam Sunday Adefila, Rotimi Sadiku, and Peter Alaba -- Lignocellulosic Waste-Derived Bioethanol as a Potential Biofuel for the Transportation Sector: Sources and Technological Advancement / Shitarashmi Sahu, Krishna Pramanik, and Neelam Meher -- Cost-Effective Production of Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Prospects and Challenges / K.C. Samal and Laxmipreeya Behera -- Monitoring Innovations in Biofuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Patent-based Approach / Suruchee Samparna Mishra, Sonali Mohapatra, and Hrudayanath Thatoi -- Effective Utilization of Palm Mesocarpic Husk: An Agrowaste in Producing Major Phenolics and Other Chemicals / Swapan Kumar Ghosh, and Kingsuk Das -- CRISPR/Cas9: An Invention for Plant Breeding and Agricultural Sustainability / Debashrita Mittra and Sabuj Sahoo -- Self-sustained Ramie Cultivation in Tripura: A Source of Multiple Commercial Uses for Adoption as an Alternative Livelihood / Shaon Ray Chaudhuri, Basant Kumar Agarwala, Sunil K. Sett, Priyasankar Chaudhuri, Piyali Paul, Gourav Bhattacharjee, Sumona Deb, Sukanya Chowdhury, Purnasree Devi, Sinchini Barman, Mandakini Gogoi, Tethi Biswas, Purabi Baidya, Abhispa Bora, Amrita Chakraborty, Chaitali Chanda, Saurav Saha, Ajoy Modak, Gautam Das, Priya Sarkar, Ronald Jamatia, Amitava Mukherjee, Ashutosh Kumar, Ashoke Ranjan Thakur, Mathumal Sudarshan, Rajib Nath, Leena Mishra, Indranil Mukherjee, Gautam Bose, Amarpreet Singh, and Ranjan Kumar Naik -- Azolla: A Viable Resource of Biofertilizer and Livestock Feed for Sustainable Development of Farming Community / Upendra Kumar, Snehasini Rout, Megha Kaviraj, Swastika Kundu, Hari Narayan, Himani Priya, and A.K. Nayak -- Bioremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Environment Using Bacteria: An Update / Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra, Ritesh Pattanaik, Birendra Kumar Bindhani, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Pankaj Kumar Parhi -- Potential Applications of Coal Fly Ash: A Focus on Its Fungistatic Properties and Zeolite Synthesis / Sangeeta Raut -- Heavy Metal Toxicity and Their Bioremediation Using Microbes, Plants, and Nanobiomaterials / S.K. Sahu and H.G. Behuria -- Spent Coffee Waste Conversion to Value-Added Products for the Pharmaceutical and Horticulture Industry / Priya Sarkar, Tethi Biswas, Chaitali Chanda, Amrita Saha, Mathumal Sudarshan, Chanchal Majumder, and Shaon Ray Chaudhuri -- Bioremediation: An Ecofriendly Technology for Sustainable Aquaculture / S.K. Nayak and P.K. Nanda -- Biochar: An Advanced Remedy for Environmental Management and Water Treatment / Chinmayee Acharya, Aneeya K. Samantara, Abhisek Sasmal, Chittaranjan Panda, and Hrudayanath Thatoi.

Chapter 1. Introduction: The intersection of ageing and social exclusion. Part I: Economic Exclusion -- Chapter 2. Introduction: Framing economic exclusion -- Chapter 3. Socio-demographic differences across welfare regimes in material deprivation in Europe among individuals aged 50 and older -- Chapter 4. Unemployment at 50 +: economic and psychosocial consequences -- Chapter 5. Coping mechanisms of older age divorced and widowed women to mitigate economic exclusion: A qualitative study in Turkey and Serbia -- Part II: Exclusion from Social Relations -- Chapter 6. Introduction: Framing exclusion from social relations -- Chapter 7. Exclusion from social relations among older people in Belgium and Britain: A cross-national exploration of similarities and differences taking a life-course and multi-level perspective -- Chapter 8. Revisiting loneliness and social isolation: Prevalence, predictors and policy Consequences -- Chapter 9. Conflicting relations, abuse and discrimination in older adults -- Part III: Exclusion from Services -- Chapter 10. Introduction: Framing exclusion from services -- Chapter 11. Old age exclusion from services in Romania and Slovenia in a European comparative perspective -- Chapter 12. Care services in Central and Eastern European countries and the Russian Federation: Exclusion and the roads of innovation -- Chapter 13. Receiving care in a digitised world: Social and economic aspects of exclusion of older people -- Part IV: Community and Spatial Exclusion -- Chapter 14. Introduction: Framing community and spatial exclusion -- Chapter 15. From theory to practice: Older people's exclusion in cities through the 'Ageing, Space and Exclusion' triangle -- Chapter 16- The relationship between place and life-course transitions in old-age social exclusion: A cross-country analysis -- Chapter 17. Ageing and caring in rural environments: Actors, policies and contexts addressing the social exclusion -- Part V: Civic Exclusion -- Chapter 18. Introduction: Framing community and spatial exclusion -- Chapter 19. Reconceptualising exclusion from civic participation in later life: Towards a new research agenda -- Chapter 20. Cultural exclusion in old age: Developing a social-exclusion perspective on cultural participation -- Chapter 21. Sidestepping rights: An analysis of the intersection of human rights obligations and their practical implications among old age migrants -- Part VI: Interrelationships between Different Domains of Exclusion -- Chapter 22. Introduction: Framing exclusion interrelationships -- Chapter 23. Older people living in long-term care institutions: A case for the multidimensionality of social exclusion -- Chapter 24. Two dimensions of social exclusion: Economic deprivation and dynamics of loneliness in later life in Europe -- Chapter 25. Effects of reversed mobilities on old-age social exclusion or inclusion in mountains territories: The case study of two alpine territories in France and Italy -- Chapter 26. Transport: A social institution supporting good ageing and inclusion in late life -- Chapter 27. Homelessness trends in ageing literature in the context of domains of social exclusion -- Part VII: Policy and Social Exclusion in Later life -- Chapter 28. Introduction: Framing social exclusion amongst older people in policy -- Chapter 29. Inclusion of older people and ageing in Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development: The potential, the issues and the challenges -- Chapter 30. Pensions policies. Chapter 31. Social policy for older people in the post-Soviet space: A shift from social democratic to liberal approaches? -- Chapter 32. Inclusion of nursing home residents in city life through urban planning and architecture? -- Chapter 33. Old age digital exclusion as a policy challenge in Estonia and Finland -- Chapter 34. Social exclusion in older age and the EU pillar on social rights -- Chapter 35. Conclusion: The intersection of ageing and social exclusion.

1 Introduction by Giuseppe Cataldi -- Part I - The Role of the International Organizations in the Implementation and Development of the Law of the Sea: 2 Implementation of the Rules of the UNCLOS through Universal and Regional Organizations by Mariko Kawano -- 3 International Organizations and the Protection of the Marine Environment by Pradeep A. Singh -- 4 The Arctic Ocean: Are we Ready to Govern a New Ocean? by Timo Koivurova, Stefan Kirchner and Pirjo Kleemola-Juntunen -- 5 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations by Erik J. Molenaar -- 6 Considerations on Some Global Institutional Challenges within the Context of the Conservation and Management of Marine Living Resources by Fernando Correia Cardoso -- 7 Market-Based Measures Against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in Indonesian Waters by Dita Liliansa -- 8 Sea-Level Rise in Relation to International Law: A New Topic for the United Nations International Law Commission by Patrícia Galvão Teles -- 9 Sanctions at Sea: The UN Security Council's Impact on Commercial Shipping Activities by Richard L. Kilpatrick -- 10 Security Council's Contribution to the Evolution of the Law of the Sea: Avant Garde or Self-limitation? by Kiara Neri -- 11 The Challenges of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf by Aldino Santos de Campos -- 12 UN Food and Agriculture Organization: Exercising Legal Personality to Implement the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea by Anastasia Telesetsky -- 13 Maritime Surveillance of the EU External Sea Borders: Extensive Approaches and Operational Challenges to the Principles of Coastal and Flag State Jurisdiction in Italy by Marco Fantinato -- Part II – Superpowers, International Courts and the Law of the Sea: Challenges for the Global Oceans Regime: 14 Stakeholders in Dispute Settlement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea by Natalie Klein -- 15 The Legal Status of the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago in Light of Article 121 of UNCLOS and the South China Sea Arbitral Award: Uncontested Right to EEZ and Continental Shelf or Brazilian "Creeping Jurisdiction"? by Victor Ventura and Eduardo Cavalcanti Filho -- 16 Implementing the Law of the Sea: Russia and Arbitrations under Annex VII to UNCLOS by Grant Kynaston and Rebecca Brown -- Part III – The Protection and Conservation of the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Where Do We Stand?: 17 The Conservation and Sustainable Use of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Where Do We Stand? by Miguel de Serpa Soares -- 18 Regulating the Common Heritage of Mankind: Challenges in Developing a Mining Code for the Area by Hannah Lily and Stephen E. Roady -- 19 Three Structural Pillars of the Future Internationally Legally Binding Instrument for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction by Otto Spijkers, Catherine Blanchard and Wen Duan -- 20 The European Union and the Future International Legally Binding Instrument on Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction by Pascale Ricard -- 21 The EU and the UN Legally-Binding Instrument on the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction by Luigimaria Riccardi -- 22 Solving the Potential Conflict: High Seas Marine Protected Areas and Sovereign Rights over the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles by Inês Aguiar Branco -- 23 North East Atlantic Marine Protected Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. Geographical and Material Scope by Marta Sobrido-Prieto.