2 contrasting approaches to the history of econ theory are noted: (1) the absolutist, or immanent, approach which explains the evolution of econ theory as a largely autonomous, self-contained process that has unfolded in accordance with an inner developmental logic peculiar to the discipline, & (2) the relativist view, which accounts for innovations in econ theory almost exclusively in terms of environmental influences. The term 'environment' as used in this context includes both the econ environment per se & those intellectual influences which stem primarily from developments in related soc sci's & philosophy. The works of G. Stigler & M. Blaug are typical of the so-called absolutist approach, whereas W. Mitchell & W. Stark have presented essentially relativist interpretations of the development of econ theory. Many of the interpretative disagreements are based upon semantic issues involving the meaning which should be attributed to the term 'econ theory.' Thus most absolutists conceive of econ theory as a body of timeless truths which are valid irrespective of prevailing instit'al arrangements (ie, in the general equilibrium system of L. Walras). The relativists, however, tend to regard econ theory primarily as a set of tools which serve the purpose of explaining econ relations within a framework of changing human instit's & motivations. Autonomous factors have become more important in the development of econ theory as the discipline of econ's has matured, & authorities such as J. Schumpeter & G. Stigler argue that environmental influences have become virtually insignif during recent decades. There are reasons to believe, however, that in the future econ theory will continue to be a joint product of environmental & autonomous factors. Modified AA.
Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Includes index. ; Clean air act (as amended) in 1977: v. 3, p. 3-190. ; Vols. 3-8 have title: A legislative history of the Clean air act amendments of 1977. ; Vols. 1-2: Serial no. 93-18; v. 3-8: Serial no. 95-16. ; At head of title: 93d Congress, 2d session-[95th Congress, 2d session]. Committee print. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 74 S642-9 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Wallace K. Ferguson, the noted Renaissance scholar, once wrote that history must be seen through the eyes of the one writing it. He went on to say that, "since history is in this sense created by the historian, and he, in turn, is the product of his age and environment, history varies from generation to generation and must be constantly reinterpreted." It is with this thought in mind that we will undertake a reexamination of the role of the Arctic in Canadian-American relations.In recent years the Arctic has become a region of growing significance for both the United States and Canada after decades of marginal interest bordering on neglect. It is this article's position that Canadian foreign policy, concerning the Arctic regions to the north of her mainland, has consistently from 1880 to 1970 been based upon a perception of potential threats, which in fact never existed. Furthermore, such a perception has been based in part upon the unsettled nature of international law in the Arctic and the effect of certain environmental factors, labeled as domestic sources of foreign policy in Dale Thomson and Roger Swanson'sCanadian Foreign Policy: Options and Perspectives. The article, then, shows how Canadian foreign policy in this issue-area illustrates the Sprout's paradigm of perception in decision-making. According to this paradigm, "what matters in policymaking (and, of course, in analysis thereof) is how the human policymaker (or group) perceives, interprets and responds to the environing conditions and events."
Includes index. ; "An Act to amend the Federal water pollution control act": v. 1, p. 3-91. ; Vols. 3-4 have title: A legislative history of the Clean water act of 1977. ; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Public Works." ; "Serial no. 93-1" and "Serial no. 95-14." ; At head of title: 93d Congress, 1st session [-95th Congress, 2d session] Committee print. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The M. H. Ross Papers contain information pertaining to labor, politics, social issues of the twentieth century, coal mining and its resulting lifestyle, as well as photographs and audio materials. The collection is made up of five different accessions; L2001-05, which is contained in boxes one through 104, L2002-09 in boxes 106 through 120, L2006-16 in boxes 105 and 120, L2001-01 in boxes 120-121, and L2012-20 in boxes 122-125. The campaign materials consist of items from the 1940 and 1948 political campaigns in which Ross participated. These items include campaign cards, posters, speech transcripts, news clippings, rally materials, letters to voters, and fliers. Organizing and arbitration materials covers labor organizing events from "Operation Dixie" in Georgia, the furniture workers in North Carolina, and the Mine-Mill workers in the Western United States. Organizing materials include fliers, correspondence, news articles, radio transcripts, and some related photos. Arbitration files consist of agreements, decisions, and agreement booklets. The social and political research files cover a wide time period (1930's to the late 1970's/early 1980's). The topics include mainly the Ku Klux Klan, racism, Communism, Red Scare, red baiting, United States history, and literature. These files consist mostly of news and journal articles. Ross interacted with coal miners while doing work for the United Mine Workers Association (UMWA) and while working at the Fairmont Clinic in West Virginia. Included in these related files are books, news articles, journals, UMWA reports, and coal miner oral histories conducted by Ross. Tying in to all of the activities Ross participated in during his life were his research and manuscript files. He wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles on history and labor. Later, as he worked for the UMWA and at the Fairmont Clinic, he wrote more in-depth articles about coal miners, their lifestyle, and medical problems they faced (while the Southern Labor Archives has many of Ross's coal mining and lifestyle articles, it does not have any of his medical articles). Along with these articles are the research files Ross collected to write them, which consist of notes, books, and newspaper and journal articles. In additional to his professional career, Ross was adamant about documenting his and his wife's family history in the oral history format. Of particular interest are the recordings of his interviews with his wife's family - they were workers, musicians, and singers of labor and folk songs. Finally, in this collection are a number of photographs and slides, which include images of organizing, coal mining (from the late 19th through 20th centuries), and Appalachia. Of note is a small photo album from the 1930s which contains images from the Summer School for Workers, and more labor organizing. A few audio items are available as well, such as Ross political speeches and an oral history in which Ross was interviewed by his daughter, Jane Ross Davis in 1986. All photographic and audio-visual materials are at the end of their respective series. ; Myron Howard "Mike" Ross was born November 9, 1919 in New York City. He dropped out of school when he was seventeen and moved to Texas, where he worked on a farm. From 1936 until 1939, Ross worked in a bakery in North Carolina. In the summer of 1938, he attended the Southern School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina. During the fall of 1938, Ross would attend the first Southern Conference on Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama. He would attend this conference again in 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. From 1939 to 1940, Ross worked for the United Mine Workers Non-Partisan League in North Carolina, working under John L. Lewis. He was hired as a union organizer by the United Mine Workers of America, and sent to Saltville, Virginia and Rockwood, Tennessee. In 1940, Ross ran for a seat on city council on the People's Platform in Charlotte, North Carolina. During this time, he also married Anne "Buddie" West of Kennesaw, Georgia. From 1941 until 1945, Ross served as an infantryman for the United States Army. He sustained injuries near the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944. From 1945 until 1949, Ross worked for the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, then part of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), as a union organizer. He was sent to Macon, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia and to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he worked with the United Furniture Workers Union. He began handling arbitration for the unions. In 1948, Ross ran for United States Congress on the Progressive Party ticket in North Carolina. He also served as the secretary for the North Carolina Progressive Party. Ross attended the University of North Carolina law school from 1949 to 1952. He graduated with honors but was denied the bar on the grounds of "character." From 1952 until 1955, he worked for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers as a union organizer, first in New Mexico (potash mines) and then in Arizona (copper mines). From 1955 to 1957, Ross attended the Columbia University School of Public Health. He worked for the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund from 1957 to 1958, where he represented the union in expenditure of health care for mining workers. By 1958, Ross began plans for what would become the Fairmont Clinic, a prepaid group practice in Fairmont, West Virginia, which had the mission of providing high quality medical care for miners and their families. From 1958 until 1978, Ross served as administrator of the Fairmont Clinic. As a result of this work, Ross began researching coal mining, especially coal mining lifestyle, heritage and history of coal mining and disasters. He would interview over one hundred miners (coal miners). Eventually, Ross began writing a manuscript about the history of coal mining. Working for the Rural Practice Program of the University of North Carolina from 1980 until 1987, Ross taught in the medical school. M. H. Ross died on January 31, 1987 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. ; Digitization of the M. H. Ross Papers was funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.
Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Includes index. ; "An Act to amend the Federal water pollution control act": v. 1, p. 3-91. ; Vols. 3-4 have title: A legislative history of the Clean water act of 1977. ; "Printed for the use of the Committee on Public Works." ; "Serial no. 93-1" and "Serial no. 95-14." ; At head of title: 93d Congress, 1st session [-95th Congress, 2d session] Committee print. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 73 S642-3 (v. 1), CIS 73 S642-4 (v. 2) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.
