Suchergebnisse

The transdisciplinary confluence that forms the Urban Environmental Management has been consolidating in its theoretical aspects, but mainly practices in managing "city" in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, especially in the southern municipalities. This report is to reflect, as this type of approach is called configured as articulating tool responses to environmental problems and conflicts in various urban scales, involving in the social, natural, economic, political, and ultimately environmental in its wider sense. To demonstrate this situation it becomes relevant definition, the context of its emergence and several of its features, among which should not fail to mention the training at the National University of Lanús.

This article examines the motivations for firms to participate in voluntary environmental programs and to adopt environmental management practices using data gathered from a survey conducted in 2005 of facilities located in Oregon operating in six industrial sectors. It is one of the first studies of voluntary environmental management to include small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized facilities as well as to include both privately and publicly owned facilities. In particular, we examine the effects of both external factors such as regulatory, consumer, and investor pressures, and internal factors such as technical and resource capacity, in influencing voluntary environmental behavior. The intent is to describe potential influences that have implications for designing and implementing private and public policies that foster effective voluntary environmental management by firms. We find that larger facilities are more likely to participate in more voluntary environmental programs, but are likely to adopt more environmental management practices only if environmental issues are of significant concern to them. Presence of an R&D department stimulates the adoption of more environmental management practices, particularly if environmental issues are of significant concern to the facility, but does not have a statistically significant impact on participation in voluntary programs. We also find that while regulatory pressures are significant in motivating participation in voluntary programs and adoption of environmental management practices, competitive pressures are only important in motivating the former. Pressure from final good consumers or from investors in publicly traded facilities is not found to have a significant influence on voluntary environmental behavior of facilities in this study.

AbstractEnvironmental auditing is a technique used to evaluate an organisation's environmental performance against specified objectives. The practice is gaining wider acceptance and application, particularly following the introduction of BS7750 Specification for Environmental Management Systems and the EU eco‐management and audit scheme (EMAS). Auditing should form an integral component of environmental management systems and should not be viewed as a separate or alternative exercise. The objective of this paper is to summarise some of the gaps encountered in environmental management systems which prevent the optimisation of the audit process. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Current policy prescriptions for environmental management in Africa emphasise devolution of resource management to local non‐government and community organisations. They challenge the long‐standing orthodoxy of environmental conservation based on land privatisation, and instead favour local institutions managing resources as common property. This challenge has been reinforced by arguements from a reappraisal of dryland ecology in Africa, and by empirical and economic theoretical research on common property management. Implicit within much of current policy is the assumption that devolution of natural resource management will be socially redistributive as well as environmentally benign. Evidence from Maasai group ranches in southern Kenya suggests this assumption may be misplaced, and that, to address equality goals, policy must take more explicit account of the social dynamics underlying local power relations, and the way these are conditioned by the non‐local political environment.