Search results

Costa Rica en 1996 establece la Ley Forestal 7575 con el propósito de impulsar nuevas estrategias que coadyuvarán al desarrollo del sector forestal. Esta Ley envuelve un periodo de tres décadas de políticas forestales e introduce un pago a los propietarios privados de bosques o nuevas plantaciones forestales, con el objetivo de compensar los servicios ambientales que sus propiedades proveen a la sociedad en general. Este estudio desarrolla herramientas de valoración económica para la creación o renegociación de acuerdos voluntarios con organizaciones privadas o gubernamentales. Este documento presenta loso principales resultados del análisis hidrológico y económico llevado a cabo durante el proceso de investigación, en las cuencas de los ríos Savegre, Reventazòn.Parismina, Peñas Blancas y Pejivaye. Finalmente, se introduce una serie de argumentos en torno al cobro del servicio ambiental de protección del recurso hídrico. ; In 1996 Costa Rica established the Forest Law 7575 in order to impel new strategies that will help in the development the forest sector. This Law surrounds a period of three decades of forest policies and introduces a payment to private owners of forests or new forest plantations, with the objective to compensate the environmental services that their properties provide to the society in general. This study develops tools of economic valuation for the creation or renegotiation of voluntary agreements with private or governmental organizations. This document presents the main results of the hydrologic and economic analysis during the investigation process, in the river basins of Savegre, Reventazòn- Parismina, Peñas Blancas and Pejibaye rivers. Finally, a series of arguments around the fee of the environmental service of protection of water resource is introduced.

Costa Rica en 1996 establece la Ley Forestal 7575 con el propósito de impulsar nuevas estrategias que coadyuvarán al desarrollo del sector forestal. Esta Ley envuelve un periodo de tres décadas de políticas forestales e introduce un pago a los propietarios privados de bosques o nuevas plantaciones forestales, con el objetivo de compensar los servicios ambientales que sus propiedades proveen a la sociedad en general. Este estudio desarrolla herramientas de valoración económica para la creación o renegociación de acuerdos voluntarios con organizaciones privadas o gubernamentales. Este documento presenta loso principales resultados del análisis hidrológico y económico llevado a cabo durante el proceso de investigación, en las cuencas de los ríos Savegre, Reventazòn.Parismina, Peñas Blancas y Pejivaye. Finalmente, se introduce una serie de argumentos en torno al cobro del servicio ambiental de protección del recurso hídrico. ; In 1996 Costa Rica established the Forest Law 7575 in order to impel new strategies that will help in the development the forest sector. This Law surrounds a period of three decades of forest policies and introduces a payment to private owners of forests or new forest plantations, with the objective to compensate the environmental services that their properties provide to the society in general. This study develops tools of economic valuation for the creation or renegotiation of voluntary agreements with private or governmental organizations. This document presents the main results of the hydrologic and economic analysis during the investigation process, in the river basins of Savegre, Reventazòn- Parismina, Peñas Blancas and Pejibaye rivers. Finally, a series of arguments around the fee of the environmental service of protection of water resource is introduced.

Since the beginning of the 2000s, water allocation policies became central in Europe and France to reach Water Framework Directive goals. Improvements in irrigation efficiency is one of the main policy measure aiming to save billions of cubic meters at the European level. However, water savings environmental benefits have been debated in scientific literature and public organisms that sustain such measures. Indeed, improvements in irrigation efficiency redistribute water flows between users and the environment at the river basin scale. Multiple factors influence the outcomes, such as increasing irrigated lands and yields, caps on water abstraction, farmers' behavior, etc. The technical aspects of this question have been widely debated, but its political dimensions far less, in particular concerning environmental water reallocation. In the southeast of France, the Durance River Basin represents an ideal case study because saved water reallocations are made visible by large water infrastructure and canals. Water officials have implemented water savings policies for about 50 years and created specific policy instruments for environmental reallocation. Anchored in political science and political ecology approaches, we analyze water savings and environmental water reallocation policies paradigms, instruments and territorialization. Rather than a technical « no regret » measure, we show that improvements in irrigation efficiency rely on multiple negotiations and compromises allowing the arrangement of worldviews, norms of action, interdependent water uses and discourses of diverse hydro-social territories, whereas environmental benefits remain uncertain. Consensus building is constrained by historical interests and institutions legacy, and rely on both translation processes from national or hydrographic scales to the local level, and bottom-up forces from territories for policy instrument adaptations. We show the critical role of ambiguities in institutional change, and how policy instruments such as quantification ...

Since the beginning of the 2000s, water allocation policies became central in Europe and France to reach Water Framework Directive goals. Improvements in irrigation efficiency is one of the main policy measure aiming to save billions of cubic meters at the European level. However, water savings environmental benefits have been debated in scientific literature and public organisms that sustain such measures. Indeed, improvements in irrigation efficiency redistribute water flows between users and the environment at the river basin scale. Multiple factors influence the outcomes, such as increasing irrigated lands and yields, caps on water abstraction, farmers' behavior, etc. The technical aspects of this question have been widely debated, but its political dimensions far less, in particular concerning environmental water reallocation. In the southeast of France, the Durance River Basin represents an ideal case study because saved water reallocations are made visible by large water infrastructure and canals. Water officials have implemented water savings policies for about 50 years and created specific policy instruments for environmental reallocation. Anchored in political science and political ecology approaches, we analyze water savings and environmental water reallocation policies paradigms, instruments and territorialization. Rather than a technical « no regret » measure, we show that improvements in irrigation efficiency rely on multiple negotiations and compromises allowing the arrangement of worldviews, norms of action, interdependent water uses and discourses of diverse hydro-social territories, whereas environmental benefits remain uncertain. Consensus building is constrained by historical interests and institutions legacy, and rely on both translation processes from national or hydrographic scales to the local level, and bottom-up forces from territories for policy instrument adaptations. We show the critical role of ambiguities in institutional change, and how policy instruments such as quantification ...

Since the beginning of the 2000s, water allocation policies became central in Europe and France to reach Water Framework Directive goals. Improvements in irrigation efficiency is one of the main policy measure aiming to save billions of cubic meters at the European level. However, water savings environmental benefits have been debated in scientific literature and public organisms that sustain such measures. Indeed, improvements in irrigation efficiency redistribute water flows between users and the environment at the river basin scale. Multiple factors influence the outcomes, such as increasing irrigated lands and yields, caps on water abstraction, farmers' behavior, etc. The technical aspects of this question have been widely debated, but its political dimensions far less, in particular concerning environmental water reallocation. In the southeast of France, the Durance River Basin represents an ideal case study because saved water reallocations are made visible by large water infrastructure and canals. Water officials have implemented water savings policies for about 50 years and created specific policy instruments for environmental reallocation. Anchored in political science and political ecology approaches, we analyze water savings and environmental water reallocation policies paradigms, instruments and territorialization. Rather than a technical « no regret » measure, we show that improvements in irrigation efficiency rely on multiple negotiations and compromises allowing the arrangement of worldviews, norms of action, interdependent water uses and discourses of diverse hydro-social territories, whereas environmental benefits remain uncertain. Consensus building is constrained by historical interests and institutions legacy, and rely on both translation processes from national or hydrographic scales to the local level, and bottom-up forces from territories for policy instrument adaptations. We show the critical role of ambiguities in institutional change, and how policy instruments such as quantification ...

Este artículo examina las dinámicas en torno a los mecanismos de participación ciudadana que se han activado en fronteras extractivas de Colombia desde 2004 con el fin de proteger las fuentes de agua, los territorios y los medios de vida campesinos. Los casos demuestran que ha habido dos olas de democratización ambiental en Colombia, que existe una sinergia entre los instrumentos de deliberación y de participación, tensiones entre la democracia participativa y la representativa, y que los discursos sobre el agua constituyen un hilo conductor que unifica la movilización para la democratización ambiental en el contexto de los conflictos socio ambientales. La emergencia de, y las barreras a, la democratización ambiental se analizan como dos tendencias opuestas constituidas por diferentes capas de lógicas y estrategias. Vistas en el contexto nacional, las movilizaciones sociales en las fronteras extractivas están reinterpretando la democracia, fortaleciendo las luchas por la justicia ambiental y poniendo de manifiesto las contradicciones del capitalismo. La respuesta de la sociedad en general a estas iniciativas tiene implicaciones importantes para el futuro de modelos económicos menos destructivos y para la democracia misma. ; This article examines the dynamics around citizen participation mechanisms activated in the extractive frontiers of Colombia since 2004 to protect water sources, territories, and peasant livelihoods. The cases show that there have been two waves of environmental democratisation in Colombia; that there is synergy between the instruments of deliberation and participation, as well as tension between participatory and representative democracy; and that water discourses are a common thread that unifies mobilisation for environmental democratisation in the context of socio-environmental conflicts. The emergence of and barriers to environmental democratisation are analysed as two opposing trends constituted by different logics and strategies. Viewed in the national context, the social mobilisations emerging in extractive frontiers are reinterpreting democracy, strengthening claims for environmental justice, and making evident the contradictions of capitalism. The response of the broader society has important implications for the future of less destructive economic models and for democracy itself.

Con la Ley de Aguas del 2001, la competencia sobre depuración de aguas residuales, que venían desempeñando los municipios a través del cobro de tasas, se ha encomendado a las Comunidades Autónomas, quienes deben implantar para su gestión un Canon de Saneamiento. Para determinar si este Canon racionaliza el consumo de agua, en este trabajo se estima la demanda industrial de agua en Aragón, utilizando para ello un modelo logarítmico con datos de panel en el que la variable explicativa clave ha sido el Canon del Saneamiento, además de la tasa por el suministro de agua pagada por las industrias en los diferentes municipios aragoneses, y otras variables que captan las características particulares de las empresas de la muestra y que están relacionadas con el consumo de agua. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la reducción del consumo industrial de agua parece debida a la tributación ambiental, más que a un incremento en el coste del agua para las empresas. ; The Spanish Water Act, 2001 shifted responsibility for wastewater treatment from municipal to regional government, and as a consequence the Autonomous Communities have begun to levy a Sanitation Charge, apparently with environmental objectives. Industrial demand for water in Aragon is estimated in this paper using a double logarithmic model with panel data to establish whether regional Sanitation Charges rationalise water onsumption. The key explanatory variable is the Sanitation Charge, in addition to the water supply charges payable in the towns and cities of Aragon and other variables which capture the characteristics of the firms in the sample. The reduction in water demand achieved appears to be due to the environmental charge rather than to any actual increase in firms' water costs.

Ecuador, país rico en recursos hídricos, donde la interacción del hombre con la biosfera suscita problemas relacionados con la contaminación del agua, el suelo y el aire, elementos que inciden en el hambre y la pérdida de la flora y fauna autóctona. Son interrogantes para la ecología y la bioética dentro de la Pachamama. En América Latina, el reconocimiento del agua como derecho humano fundamental y como sujeto de derechos a la naturaleza dentro del marco constitucional del pluralismo jurídico constituye un paso para precautelar la seguridad hídrica que garantice el efectivo goce y ejercicio de los derechos. Por la permanencia de los ciclos naturales del agua como un bien desde los pueblos originarios dentro del sumak kwasay es necesario su protección adecuada. El agua tiene múltiples dimensiones en relación a cantidad, calidad y distribución. Su no adecuada calidad, afectada por actividades y procesos contaminantes ante la ausencia del impuesto por vertido en la política estatal es un fenómeno social, económico y ambiental. Constituye uno de los obstáculos para el "buen vivir", implica fomentar la formación jurídica ambiental desde la bioética. Se han utilizado los métodos de la investigación como el histórico-lógico, el de análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, y comparación jurídica. ; Ecuador, rich country in hydric resources, where the man's interaction with the biosphere provokes problems related with the contamination of water, the ground, and the air, elements that they have an effect on hunger and the loss of the flora and autochthonous fauna. They are interrogating for ecology and the bioetic within the Pachasucks. The hydric certainty constitutes a step for pre-preventive in Latin America, the recognition of the water like human fundamental right and like subject of rights to the nature within the juridical pluralism's constitutional frame that you guarantee the cash, enjoy and exercise of rights. Kwasay is necessary for the permanence of the natural cycles of the water like a good from the originating towns within the sumak his adequate protection. The water has multiple dimensions in relation to quantity, quality and distribution. His not made suitable quality, affected for activities and contaminating processes in front of the absence of the tax for poured the stater is a social, cost-reducing and environmental phenomenon in the politic. It constitutes one of the obstacles for the good living, it implies to foment the juridical environmental formation from the bioética. They have utilized the methods of the investigation like the historic logician, the one belonging to analysis synthesis, induction deduction, and juridical comparison.

El presente artículo, derivado de investigación, presenta un primer avance de algunas preguntas que han surgido respecto del abastecimiento sostenible y real de agua para Medellín, su calidad y los negocios que circulan en torno a este preciado recurso, presenta este texto, algunos hallazgos que nos posibilitan generar algunas líneas de análisis, con el fin de aportar en el necesario debate público, al respecto.

En las márgenes de la Ciénega de Tláhuac se encuentran actualmente asentamientos humanos y se desarrollan actividades agropecuarias
que impactan el medio acuático por las descargas de aguas residuales. Debido a ello, este trabajo evalúa la calidad del agua y la compara con
información publicada hace 20 años. Los resultados muestran alta conductividad derivada de escurrimientos agropecuarios periféricos que
emplean fertilizantes, elevada dureza, altos contenidos de sulfatos, pH alcalino, concentración de oxígeno disuelto desde sobresaturación
hasta hipoxia o anoxia, una hipereutrofización con elevados niveles de nitrógeno y fósforo totales, además de contaminación bacteriana
por coliformes fecales. Los resultados encontrados son más altos comparados con los de 20 años atrás y señalan una mala calidad del
agua, en particular hipereutrofizada.

The objective of the present investigation was to establish, legally and theoretically, that environmental contamination and the lack of municipal ordinances is a cause of violation of the rights of nature. It was developed in the Cantón Montalvo, located in the Province of Los Ríos, where there is high water pollution that violates the rights of the environment and the population. From the quantitative paradigm and the perspective of the analytic-synthetic method, which I allow to work from an object of study (environmental regulations), the analytical decomposition of its parts and then be interpreted. We proceeded methodologically from a descriptive documentary type with bibliographic design. It was concluded that the Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of the Canton Montalvo does not have ordinances that help reduce, protect and sanction the pollutants of rivers, streams and streams and worse still with works that guarantee an adequate environment for the inhabitants of the Canton. ; El objetivo de la presente investigación fue fundamentar jurídica y teóricamente, que la contaminación ambiental y la falta de ordenanzas municipales es una causa de vulneración a los derechos de la naturaleza. El mismo se desarrolló en el Cantón Montalvo, con ubicación en la Provincia de los Ríos, donde existe alta contaminación hídrica que vulnera los derechos del medio ambiente y de la población. Desde el paradigma cuantitativa y la perspectiva del método analítico-sintético, lo que permito trabajar a partir de un objeto de estudio (normativa ambiental), la descomposición analítica de sus partes para luego ser interpretadas. Se procedió metodológicamente desde un tipo descriptivo documental con diseño bibliográfico. Se concluyó que el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del Cantón Montalvo no cuenta con ordenanzas que ayuden a disminuir, proteger y sancionar a los contaminantes de ríos, esteros y quebradas y peor aún con trabajos que garanticen un medio ambiente adecuado para los pobladores del Cantón.

National audience ; Qu'est-ce-que l'eau ? Dans cet ouvrage, Jamie Linton nous livre une réponse nuancée et novatrice à cette question prétendument commune. À la manière d'autres géographes politiques, s'inspirant de la sociologie des sciences et de la political ecology, il livre une autre histoire d'un élément que nous pensions bien connaître. Le sujet est ici l'« eau moderne », que l'auteur définit comme l'identité contemporaine de l'eau. Il retrace le processus d'abstraction qui expliquerait la transformation d'une eau autrefois hétérogène et complexe par une eau unidimensionnelle, quantitative, monétaire, puis rare. L'auteur livre un travail d'analyse ambitieux, scrutant les traits de l'« eau moderne » à travers la littérature, les sciences, mais également l'histoire environnementale et politique des États modernes occidentaux.

National audience ; Qu'est-ce-que l'eau ? Dans cet ouvrage, Jamie Linton nous livre une réponse nuancée et novatrice à cette question prétendument commune. À la manière d'autres géographes politiques, s'inspirant de la sociologie des sciences et de la political ecology, il livre une autre histoire d'un élément que nous pensions bien connaître. Le sujet est ici l'« eau moderne », que l'auteur définit comme l'identité contemporaine de l'eau. Il retrace le processus d'abstraction qui expliquerait la transformation d'une eau autrefois hétérogène et complexe par une eau unidimensionnelle, quantitative, monétaire, puis rare. L'auteur livre un travail d'analyse ambitieux, scrutant les traits de l'« eau moderne » à travers la littérature, les sciences, mais également l'histoire environnementale et politique des États modernes occidentaux.

National audience ; Qu'est-ce-que l'eau ? Dans cet ouvrage, Jamie Linton nous livre une réponse nuancée et novatrice à cette question prétendument commune. À la manière d'autres géographes politiques, s'inspirant de la sociologie des sciences et de la political ecology, il livre une autre histoire d'un élément que nous pensions bien connaître. Le sujet est ici l'« eau moderne », que l'auteur définit comme l'identité contemporaine de l'eau. Il retrace le processus d'abstraction qui expliquerait la transformation d'une eau autrefois hétérogène et complexe par une eau unidimensionnelle, quantitative, monétaire, puis rare. L'auteur livre un travail d'analyse ambitieux, scrutant les traits de l'« eau moderne » à travers la littérature, les sciences, mais également l'histoire environnementale et politique des États modernes occidentaux.

Future studies were designed to critically address trends, or "business as usual" analyses, to question, and make visible boundary making processes that separate endogenous and exogenous variables, determinisms and random events, and upon which public policies are based. How can future studies contribute to shed the light on the political choices that underlie environmental policies? To address this issue, this article is based on the study of the Blue Plan, an ambitious international foresight programme designed to feed international and regional debates on cooperation on environmental matters of concern. Analyzing the foresight studies carried out by the Blue Plan on water issues allows us discussing their impacts on environmental public policies in the Mediterranean countries, as well as the nature of the Blue Plan and its strategic action. ; Les réflexions sur la prospective sont nées d'une critique de la tendance, d'une remise en question des frontières entre variables exogènes et endogènes, entre déterminismes et hasards, sur lesquelles les politiques publiques se fondent. Comment la prospective peut-elle alors contribuer à mettre en lumière les choix politiques déterminants qui sous-tendent les politiques environnementales ? En s'appuyant sur l'exemple du Plan Bleu, un ambitieux programme international de prospective chargé d'alimenter le débat sur la coopération en matière d'environnement en Méditerranée, cet article analyse plus spécifiquement les travaux engagés dans le domaine de l'eau, et discute de leurs effets à la fois sur les politiques publiques environnementales des pays méditerranéens concernés, ainsi que sur la nature même du Plan Bleu et son action stratégique.