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The article analyzes the essence of globalization and modern trends of its development. Considers the main contradictions associated with the concept of «globalization» and touches on questions about the nature of this phenomenon and the current vector of its development. Proposed author's vision of the nature of globalization, its prerequisites and content of this concept. Also during the research it was established that the current condition of globalization is characterized by the level of internationalization of reproduction process in the world economy. The analysis is based on the results of basic research in the field of international production. The conclusions drawn by results of this research about essence and nature of globalization can be used further at more
detailed studying of a subject of global changes of the world economy. The findings of this study about essence and nature of globalization can be used further for a more detailed studying of a theme of global changes of the world economy.

The party may escalate on the southern border with Israel, but that doesn't necessarily mean it will reach the level of bombing cities.

The article examines the nature of time and relationship human and time on the Kantian position and modern physical basic. There are made the conclusion of the moral and aesthetic essence of time, the immanence of the good in time. There are compare the classical and post-modern understanding of time, analyzed different concepts of time. In the article human understand like a moral and free thing, personality and individuality (like understand human by German philosopher Kant).

Due to current major changes of the geopolitical climate studying of international practices of providing nancial environment, which di ers from ordinary nancial products of banks and non-banking nancial organizations, is becoming increasingly important. There is a need to focus special attention to the nancing based on etic standards of doing business, which are common for most countries of Middle East region. The exploration of one or another etic standards as well as its re ection in the domestic legal systems of such countries allows extending the legal boarders in order to create a strong fundamental basis for cooperation between the state and the society, as well as between the legal parties, keeping consistent the essential nature of the civil law. The analysis of the main characteristics of transactional models, which are consistent with the etic principles, is advisable to make on the basis of the transactions common for the countries of the Islamic region. This article shows the main distinctive feature of the legal and religious rules, as well as it shows the main idea of the Islamic law. This article also shows the legal environments for the implementation of the legal norms consistent with ethical standards into the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The paper defines the main approaches to understanding the strategic partnership between states in the international arena, identifies the main features of such a partnership. The author substantiates the thesis that at present the strategic partnership between states in the social, spiritual and cultural sphere is no longer of a secondary nature. The article defines the main directions of strategic partnership between states in the social, spiritual and cultural sphere at the present stage. The concept of changing the vector of Russia in the social, spiritual and cultural sphere at the present stage is substantiated.

В монографии даётся социально-философский анализ социального контроля в качестве инструмента социального управления. Автор рассматривает экономику, управление, право, политическую деятельность, образование, религию и культуру в качестве инструментов социального контроля элиты над обществом. Методологической основой работы является противопоставление общества и социальных институтов в качестве антагонистов, единство и борьба которых определяет процесс любого социального развития.

Данная статья посвящена изучению отдельных вопросов эстетики арабского мира и его художественному философскому наследию. Исследуется более глубокий самобытный характер философии ислама. А также рассмотрено соотношение философского и религиозного миросозерцания в искусстве (на примере арабской школы поэзии). В этом смысле, несмотря на то, что исламское искусство характеризуется рядом формальных признаков, таких как абстрактность, плоскостное изображение, оно всегда обладало духовной функцией, которая была тесно связана с ориентирами мусульманского и философского миросозерцания.
This article defi nes the aesthetics of the Arab world and its artistic and philosophical heritage. The deeper original character of the philosophy of Islam is investigated. In addition, the relations of philosophical and religious worldview in art (on the example of the Arabic school of poetry) are considered. In this sense, despite the fact that Islamic art is characterized by a number of formal features, such as abstraction, plane image, it has always had a spiritual function, which was closely related to the guidelines of the Muslim and philosophical worldview.

В статье раскрывается специфика социального контроля как социального явления. Автор анализирует как исторически изменялся социальный контроль, подходы к его определению, его виды, методы, система применяемых санкций. Особое внимание уделено выявлению источников процесса социального контроля общества.

В статье проводится изучение сущности социально-экономического развития. На основе анализа проблем и ограничений экономики России и ее регионов, связанных с международными и экономическими санкциями, сформулированы приоритеты социально-экономического развития российских регионов.

В данной научной статье освещаются вопросы типологии государства. В результате анализа научной литературы определено значение «государства» и его типы – формационный и цивилизационный, проведена классификация типологии государства по различным признакам. Статья раскрывает и подчеркивает важность дальнейшего изучения данного вопроса, так как от степени познания указанной темы зависит эффективность функционирования городов, регионов, областей и всего государства. ; This scientific article highlights the questions of typology of the state. The world today is comprised of many types of states. The contemporary security environment features many more state actors than it did a century ago. Not only are there more states, but there are also many more types of states, many of which can be classified. An analysis of the scientific literature value defined "state" and its types - formation and civilization, the classification of the typology of the state on various grounds. Governments can be classified into several types. The author considers some of the more common types of governments in this paper. The article reveals and emphasizes the importance of further study of this issue because the degree of cognition the specified theme depends on efficiency of functioning of cities, regions, provinces and the entire state.

The article discusses the key differences between the concepts of "business" and "entrepreneurship". Theoretical approaches to understanding the "small business" category are analyzed and systematized. The criteria for classifying a business entity as an MP in the Russian Federation and foreign countries are studied. The forms of MP subjects are defined in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The main types of MP subjects in the aspect of industries and spheres of economic activity are highlighted. The functions of small business are analyzed and systematized. As a result of the research, it is proved that the functions implemented by small businesses create favorable conditions for stimulating economic growth. The specifics of small industrial enterprises and their impact on the economy are established. ; В статье рассмотрены ключевые различия понятий «бизнес» и «предпринимательство». Проанализированы и систематизированы теоретические подходы к пониманию категории «малое предпринимательство» (МП). Исследованы критерии отнесения субъекта хозяйствования к МП в РФ и зарубежных странах. Определены формы субъектов МП в соответствии c законодательством РФ. Выделены основные виды субъектов МП в аспекте отраслей и сфер экономической деятельности. Проанализированы и систематизированы функции малого предпринимательства. В результате выполненных исследований обосновано, что функции, реализуемые малым предпринимательством, создают благоприятные условия для стимулирования экономического роста. Установлена специфика малых производственных предприятий и особенности их влияния на экономику.

The subject of the research is the concept and content of financial uncertainty as a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal science.The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of financial uncertainty, to analyze the features and practical significance and identify factors that affect the occurrence of financial uncertainty.The methodology of the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, as well as formal legal analysis of legal acts.The main results and scope of their application. The financial uncertainty is a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal science. Although the elements of financial uncertainty as the economic phenomenon are not new and are known to the practice of financial legal relations and the norms of financial legislation.Since the system of financial law is multi-spectral, especially in modern economic conditions, the institution of financial uncertainty, like many other institutions of financial law, is multifaceted and has its own characteristics in the framework of tax law, budget law, institutions of financial and legal regulation of banking and insurance, as well as other. For the general part of financial law, it is necessary to determine the definition of the concept of "financial uncertainty", its signs and elements. It is important to distinguish between the content of the institution of financial uncertainty in the legal regulation of fiscal interests of the state, as well as the interests of the state in public law regulation of finance of the private sector of the economy. In addition, to understand the problems of the institution of financial uncertainty in the subject of financial law, it is important to distinguish between financial and monetary relations. In all cases, the key, initial condition for scientific discourse is the risky nature of financial planning and forecasting. It is the principle of planning as one of the important principles of financial law that must be studied in the development of the desired institution.Conclusions. Financial uncertainty as a legal institution is complex because uncertainty and risks permeate the entire sphere of public financial activity: fiscal, parafiscal, monetary (including payment). In this regard, it can be argued that aspects of financial uncertainty relate, in fact, to each link of the financial, credit, monetary, and payment systems, and, accordingly, to each institution of a special part of financial law. ; Анализируется понятие и содержание финансовой неопределенности как нового института финансового права и, одновременно, нового феномена финансово-правовой науки. Делается вывод о том, что финансовая неопределенность как институт финансового права носит комплексный характер, поскольку неопределенность и риски про-низывают всю сферу публичной финансовой деятельности: фискальную, иных финансовых ресурсов публичного характера, денежную (в том числе платежную).

Some theoretical and methodological aspects of a role and value of innovative security in system of national security of the state are considered. The basic concepts of innovative security, essence of innovative security in formation of innovative economy, economy of knowledge are analyzed. Questions of innovative security get the special importance because now innovative technologies and processes of their introduction have crucial value for improvement of quality of life, expansion of possibilities of development and maintenance of national security of all without an exception of the states. In the majority of economically developed states already long time researches devoted to problems of national and economic security are conducted. And, the innovative component in these researches is considered as a component economic or scientific and technical (technological) security. The methodology of studying national and economic is in this time developed, security, there was a conceptual device and structure of categories «national security». Recognising importance of the spent workings out on a security problematics, it is necessary to notice that the system research devoted to studying of problems of maintenance of national security in the conditions of innovative development till now it was not spent. Especially it concerns processes of maintenance of interrelation of national security and innovative activity, formation of the concept of innovative security, its realisation in practice. Till now there is no unequivocal interpretation of essence of innovations, their influences on national and economic security. The analysis shows that at transition to an innovative way of development there are changes not only in economy and its making parts, but, and in world outlook, psychological, political, social and economic, scientifically-technological, educational and cultural spheres, institutional structures of the state and a society, in development of the person. That is, the spheres which problems of safe development cannot be solved within the limits of economic security are mentioned. There is an objective requirement, for the decision of these many-sided and multidimensional problems arising in the course of formation of innovative economy, its safe development to generate within the limits of system of national security a new direction innovative security. ; Рассмотрены отдельные теоретические и методологические аспекты роли и значения инновационной безопасности в системе национальной безопасности государства. Анализируются основные понятия инновационной безопасности, сущность инновационной безопасности в период формирования инновационной экономики, экономики знаний. Особую значимость вопросы инновационной безопасности приобретают в связи с тем, что в настоящее время инновационные технологии и процессы их внедрения имеют критически важное значение для улучшения качества жизни, расширения возможностей развития и обеспечения национальной безопасности всех без исключения государств. В большинстве экономически развитых государств уже длительное время ведутся исследования посвященные проблемам национальной и экономической безопасности. Причем инновационная составляющая в этих исследованиях рассматривается как составная часть экономической или научно-технической (научно технологической) безопасности. За это время разработана методология изучения национальной и экономической безопасности, сложились понятийный аппарат и структура категорий национальной безопасности. Признавая важность проведенных разработок по проблематике безопасности, необходимо отметить, что системного исследования, посвященного изучению проблем обеспечения национальной безопасности в условиях инновационного развития, до настоящего времени не проводилось. Особенно это касается процессов обеспечения взаимосвязи национальной безопасности и инновационной деятельности, формирования концепции инновационной безопасности, ее реализации на практике. До настоящего времени нет однозначного толкования сущности инноваций, их влияния на национальную и экономическую безопасность. Анализ показывает, что при переходе на инновационный путь развития происходят изменения не только в экономике и ее составляющих частях, но и в мировоззренческой, психологической, политической, социально-экономической, научно-технологической, образовательной и культурной сферах, институциональных структурах государства и общества, в развитии личности. То есть затрагиваются сферы, проблемы безопасного развития которых невозможно решить в рамках экономической безопасности. Возникает объективная потребность, для решения этих многогранных и многоаспектных проблем, возникающих в процессе формирования инновационной экономики, безопасного ее развития, сформировать в рамках системы национальной безопасности новое направление – инновационную безопасность.

The article examines the current state of research of investment funds in the Republic of Uzbekistan, its features and problems of modern development. For this purpose, the prerequisites for the development of investment funds, the degree of study of problems in the formation and operation of investment funds have been studied. The article substantiates the need for a new approach to studying the problems of development of investment funds in the country, developed a new approach to the study of investment funds in the Republic of Uzbekistan by analyzing the theoretical approaches of economists and regulatory legal acts on the development of investment funds, identifying their problematic "problems". A certain order was observed here, according to which a comment of the views of Uzbek economists on the content of investment funds was first given, and the formulation of this concept was hierarchically given in the legislative acts of the country. The basic aspects of the development of investment funds in the article are considered from the point of view of economic systemology. It is the systematic approach to research of investment funds in the Republic of Uzbekistan, according to the author of the article, is the most correct approach ensuring their effective functioning and development in order to further strengthen macroeconomic stability and maintain high growth rates of the country's economy. Proceeding from this circumstance, the significance and advantages of the system approach to the study of the essence of investment funds, the characterization of three–level systemic relations in the activity of investment funds, the activity of investment funds as an independent system and the features of its elements are disclosed. The author's interpretation of the social and economic content of investment funds is given in the article, urgent problems in the development of investment funds, effective measures of the state were determined in order to ensure the further development of investment funds in the ...

Статья посвящена определению сущности профессиональной устойчивости бакалавров машиностроительного профиля. Затронутая тема является актуальной, о чем свидетельствует обозначенная правительством заинтересованность в формировании конкурентоспособного кадрового потенциала России. В условиях санкций и напряженной обстановки с западными странами остро встал вопрос автоматизации машиностроительных производств [3], совершенствования технологий и развития независимого отечественного производства, что невозможно без квалифицированных специалистов. В связи с этим перед учебными заведениями страны ставятся новые задачи. В статье проведен обзор литературы по изучаемой тематике. Проанализированы различные формулировки термина «устойчивость», отмечена разноплановость рассматриваемого понятия, его неоднозначность и, в каком-то смысле, противоречивость. Для наглядности приведены примеры устойчивости различных объектов, рассмотрены варианты устойчивого и неустойчивого состояний. Отмечено наличие значительного количества исследований, посвященных изучению профессиональной устойчивости в различных сферах трудовой деятельности. Для профессии «учитель», формирующей и воспитывающей будущее поколение, приоритетными являются качества, позволяющие не просто работать с детьми, а вкладывать в эту работу всего себя без остатка. Поэтому большинство из этих исследований посвящено профессиональной устойчивости педагогов. Большое значение устойчивости придается в отраслях, которые связаны с обеспечением безопасности людей, когда определенные качества позволяют снизить либо исключить факторы риска. На основании изученного материала выявлены основные компоненты профессиональной устойчивости будущих инженеров и составлена ее структурная схема.
The article is devoted to the essence of professional sustainability of mechanical engineering bachelor's degree students. The topic raised is relevant, as evidenced by the interest indicated by the government in the formation of a competitive human resource potential of Russia. Under the conditions of sanctions and tense situation with Western countries, the issue of automation of machine-building productions [3], improvement of technologies and development of independent domestic production, which is impossible without qualified specialists, has risen sharply. In this regard, new tasks are being set before state educational institutions. The article provides a review of the literature on the subject under study. Various formulations of the term "sustainability" have been analyzed, the versatility of the concept under consideration, its ambiguity and, in a certain sense, inconsistency have been noted. For evidentness, examples of the sustainability of various objects are given, variants of sustainable and unsustainable states are considered. It is noted that there is a significant number of studies devoted to the study of professional sustainability in various fields of work. For the profession of "teacher", which forms and educates the future generation, the priority is the qualities that allow not just to work with children, but to invest in this work in this work with all of yourself. Therefore, most of these studies are devoted to the professional sustainability of teachers. Great importance is given to resilience in industries that are associated with ensuring the safety of people, when certain qualities can reduce or eliminate risk factors. Based on the studied material, the main components of the professional stability of future engineers are identified and its structural scheme is made.