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The article analyses publication ethics in the contemporary world. The first part of the article is devoted to the scientific ethics. Publication ethics is a part of scientific ethics and should be considered in the context of history of science and the development of moral principles in this field. The authors describe the main issues of scientific ethics in the second part of the 20(th) century. Many moral problems and dilemmas in this field were caused by the development of science and technology. Mass destruction weapons and the invention of nuclear bombs have made scientific community and government officials recognize the possible negative impact of the modern science and technology on humankind and the environment. At the same time, medical science began to contradict medicine as the profession. The main scientific aim is new scientific knowledge whereas human health and life are professional goals of medicine. The researches that Nazi scientists conducted were crimes against humanity. Since then research ethics has attracted public's attention to experiments involving humans. Today many international and governmental documents protect human participants and animals. The rapid development of science has made research ethics and then publication ethics very topical. The Committee on Publication Ethics, one of the most important organizations in the field of publication ethics, was founded by the editors of medical journals. The authors describe the concepts of scientific ethics and sociology of science by R. Merton, S. Fuller and J. Ziman. According to these concepts, publication activity of scientists is one of the most important factors that influence scientists' wages and funding their projects. That is why there are too many violations of publication ethics. The second part of the article analyses main violations of publication ethics and among them are 1) conflict of interests; 2) data fabrication; 3) plagiarism; 4) self-plagiarism, duplicated publications and "salami slicing"; 5) violations of authorship; 6) violations of journals' policies, criteria of publication, publication fees and others. The authors concluded that violations of publication ethics are very widespread in the world scientific community and sometimes it is very difficult to detect the violations and punish the guilty. At the same time, violations of publication ethics can prevent the violations in research ethics and other important fields of scientific ethics.

This new edition of Accounting Ethics has been comprehensively updated to deal with the significant changes within the accounting profession since 2002; the authors systematically explore the new range of ethical issues that have arisen as a result of recent developments, including the financial crisis of 2008. It highlights the debates over the use of fair-value accounting and principles- versus rules-based standards; offers a comprehensive overview of ethics in accounting, as well as an examination of and recommendations for solving the current crisis in this field; investigates the nature and purpose of accounting; uses concrete examples and case studies, including current situations; and, examines the ethical responsibilities of individual accountants as well as accounting firms

AbstractEthical, social and human rights aspects of computing technologies have been discussed since the inception of these technologies. In the 1980s, this led to the development of a discourse often referred to as computer ethics. More recently, since the middle of the 2010s, a highly visible discourse on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has developed. This paper discusses the relationship between these two discourses and compares their scopes, the topics and issues they cover, their theoretical basis and reference disciplines, the solutions and mitigations options they propose and their societal impact. The paper argues that an understanding of the similarities and differences of the discourses can benefit the respective discourses individually. More importantly, by reviewing them, one can draw conclusions about relevant features of the next discourse, the one we can reasonably expect to follow after the ethics of AI. The paper suggests that instead of focusing on a technical artefact such as computers or AI, one should focus on the fact that ethical and related issues arise in the context of socio-technical systems. Drawing on the metaphor of ecosystems which is widely applied to digital technologies, it suggests preparing for a discussion of the ethics of digital ecosystems. Such a discussion can build on and benefit from a more detailed understanding of its predecessors in computer ethics and the ethics of AI.

What is 'virtue'? And how can we lead 'moral' lives? Exploring how contemporary moral philosophy has tackled the issue of 'character', this is an accessible and comprehensive introduction to virtue ethics. Looking back to Aristotle and considering the work of key contemporary thinkers such as MacIntyre and McDowell, Virtue critically explores the historical development of the field and competing accounts within it. From here, the book goes on to defend an Aristotelian account of virtue ethics that emphasizes moral perception and practical wisdom and explore the potential use of this approach i

Abstract Many commercial actors in the tech sector publish ethics guidelines as a means to 'wash away' concerns raised about their policies. For some academics, this phenomenon is reason to replace ethics with other tools and methods in an attempt to make sure that the tech sector does not cross any moral Rubicons. Others warn against the tendency to reduce a criticism of 'ethics washing' into one of ethics simpliciter. In this essay, I argue firstly that the dominant focus on principles, dilemmas, and theory in conventional ethical theories and practices could be an explanation of it lacking resistance to abuse by dominant actors, and hence its rather disappointing capacity to stop, redirect, or at least slow down big tech's course. Secondly, drawing from research on casuistry and political philosopher Raymond Geuss, this essay will make a case for a question, rather than theory or principle-based ethical data practice. The emphasis of this approach is placed on the acquisition of a thorough understanding of a social-political phenomenon like tech development. This approach should be replenished with one extra component to the picture of the repoliticized data ethics drawn so far: the importance of 'exemplars,' or stories. Precisely the fact that one should acquire an in-depth understanding of the problem in practice will also allow one to look in the past, present, or future for similar and comparable stories from which one can learn.