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Ética e solidariedade: uma lição da pandemia
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 283-297
The paper examines a possible ethics for the current scenario, in order to bring human beings closer together and awaken in them a feeling of solidarity. For such an examination, at first, theories such as the utilitarianism reviewed by Rawls are questioned. It searches for a valid criterion for all participants of a certain universalism or for a real and non-exclusive "us". The call for solidarity is proposed as a way of uniting people, as opposed to selfishness. Then solidarity is defended, according to Richard Rorty. This philosopher affirms the need for an agreement among the members of society, because only then would there be a real "we". Next, there is the question about how to make people more supportive, but without resorting to the traditional metaphysical perspective on humanity: there is a bet on the existence of shared characteristics that lead to democratic equality, however, respecting the differences of each one. It is still questioned what would lead the richest to sympathize with the poorest, observing the proposals made by Rorty about raising awareness, presenting the risk of poverty to the rich and appealing to the feeling of humanity. Finally, Rortyan egalitarianism is considered, according to which solidarity is beyond rationality. It would be historically constituted and based on the relationship with the other, on the common feeling of vulnerability, crucial to society in times of pandemic.
Mal moral e ignorância na ética de Platão
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 19, Heft 2, S. 343-346
Genealogia da ética: o sujeito em questão
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 8, Heft esp, S. 204-226
Freud ocupou uma função dobradiça nas pesquisas que Michel Foucault realizou em torno da arqueologia do saber, da genealogia do poder e na genealogia da ética. As diferentes posições do filósofo francês sobre Freud e a psicanálise permitem articular o projeto de escrita de uma genealogia da ética com o movimento de retorno a Freud empreendido pelo psicanalista Jacques Lacan. Pretendo sustentar que a visada de Foucault sobre Freud é recorrente pela função autor que reconheceu atuar na tática genealógica. A obra de Freud, interpretada por Lacan, foi decisiva para Foucault investigar os modos de sujeição e assim estabelecer a distinção entre o que pertence ao campo da moral e aquilo que é próprio ao campo da ética. A problematização do sujeito do desejo permitiu um deslocamento da analítica do poder para a constituição do cuidado de si como um princípio ético para instaurar uma estética de si.
Interpretations of law and ethics in Muslim contexts
In: Muslim civilisations abstracts
The ethics of authenticity in charles Taylor's multiculturalist conception
In: Lex Humana, Heft 2, S. 17-34
In the thought of Charles Taylor, the relationship between authenticity and multiculturalism involves fundamental elements of contemporary society, such as the formation of identities, the politics of recognition, the mass communication. Although controversial, these concepts gain harmony and coherence in thought Taylor, thanks to his philosophical method of the historical knowledge of the most important traditions that form the Western thought. The authenticity understood as mere assertion of individuality creates a conflict for the common good, because it would imply the idea of exclusion and its default would be an erroneous fudamentation of authenticity. Taylor's solution is to take the concept of authenticity in the sense of community, that is to say, in the sense of the person, the being naturally open to others, the place of achievement of authenticity.
Moral, ética e estética da existência em Michel Foucault
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 19, Heft 2, S. 300-310
The present text has as objective not only to define the concepts of "moral", "ethics" and "aesthetics of existence", in the periods studied by Michel Foucault, but also to capture their significant differences, in view of the orientation towards the possibility of an ethical-political in and of the present time. Such arche-genealogical studies of Classical Greece (4th century BC), of the Greco-Roman period (1st and 2nd century AD) and of Christianity (3rd and 4th centuries AD), show that these concepts maintain their mark, by the use of techniques aimed at achieving temperance and an increasing and detailed care of itself. The stylization of life gained forms of the most varied in this historical process, based on practices that sometimes approached the moral attitude of the ethical attitude. This flexibility of the uses of concepts, consequently of historical and cultural practices, brings in Foucault the opening of thought in the search for a political attitude towards acts, thoughts and freedom.
Sartre leitor de Hegel: avaliação da história nos Cadernos para uma moral
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 101-119
Sartre, in the work Notebooks for an Ethics (1947-1948), presents notes on the dimension of history that begins to develop initially within his moral reflection. Sartre, however, does not have a finalized version of his theory of history, linking his reflection to a comparison and critique of Hegel's philosophy of history and Marxian historical materialism. The aim of this article is to analyze Sartre's critique of Hegel in the Notebooks for an Ethics about history, showing an outline of Sartre's initial views on history. Sartre makes extensive use of a critique of the possibility of Hegelian dialectics, questioning the dimension of this movement of the real as true. It analyzes the idealization of this movement in the dialectic of the master and the slave in works such as Phenomenology of the Spirit (1807) and discusses the notion of the totality of history. Sartre suggests, based on this critique, his own notion of history linked to a de-totalized totality and a historical becoming centered on freedom.
A ética cristã a partir de uma leitura de Hegel e Nietzsche
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 16, Heft 2, S. 25-35
The approach that we present between Hegel and Nietzsche is not an approach between both, but an investigation of the critic that both do with respect to christian moral, namely, of the fate that the Christianism assumed from the "christian tradition", that resulted in the remoteness of its spirit. This remoteness happens from the crystalization of its doctrines and dogmas, that implies in an estrangement of God. Nietzsche reads this estrangement through the moral, hence a falsification of the truly christian spirit by the christianity.
Tempos de barbárie: da necessidade de uma nova ética ambiental
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 16, Heft 2, S. 67-80
The vertiginous escalation of global economic activity, accompanied by the increasing technological development, seriously threatens the ecological balance of our planet, so it is urgent to change our paradigm of prosperity. It becomes necessary to adopt a new environmental ethic. This is what we refer to as the ethic of 'care', in which concern is not only for the continuity of the human species, which would keep us in an anthropocentric view, but also the intrinsic value of nature. The 'subject-object' scheme must be overcome, and this is done when man sees himself as 'being-in-the-world', as a constituent element of this. A sustainable prosperity will imply the change of the paradigm of the old economy based on the incessant and unbridled growth, driven by the innovation and the anxiety of social ascension based on the possession of material goods. The limited resources and the inability of the planet to absorb the harmful effects of growth oblige us to curb this wild growth in order to secure the future of humanity.
Participatory Management Can Help AI Ethics Adhere to the Social Consensus
In: Sosyoloji dergisi: Journal of sociology, Band 0, Heft 0, S. 0-0
ISSN: 2667-6931
Uma discussão sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana a partir da ética de Kant
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 1-11
The fundamental aim of this article is to show that Kant's ethics contains essential theoretical elements that allow a discussion on the dignity of the human person. The guiding theoretical framework of our approach is the metaphysics of morals Grounds. An important aspect of this reflection is related to the second formulation of the categorical imperative which is possible to extract fundamental ethical implications for a reflection on the human being and his dignity. The article is structured around two times. First, an approach to the powers that shape the conception of subjectivity in Kant. Then an exhibition on the most relevant aspects of Kantian ethics. It will be then that the second formula of duty and the kingdom of ends notion will constitute an interesting reading key for a reflection on the dignity of the human person.
Ética, técnica e progresso científico: uma análise do princípio da responsabilidade em Hans Jonas
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 111-127
This paper examines the reading of Hans Jonas about the impact of new technologies on human and extra-humanlife. He highlights, in particular, that new technologies have assumed an excessive power to the man, who bringsboth good and disastrous consequences, which may even lead to the extinction of the present and future life. He confirms that this significant increase in technical knowledge. Unfortunately, that was not proportional to the increase of human wisdom. So, our intention is to present, according to the understanding of Hans Jonas, the proposed review of the prevailing ethical levels along the western philosophical tradition; elucidating the main features of modern technology; presenting the shortcomings of traditional ethics before emerging problems in the contemporary world; circumscribing how ethical principle of responsibility emerges and showing how extent scientific progress demands ethical prudence. Therefore, we support the idea that the ethics of Hans Jonas goes beyond the anthropocentric relationship, promoting bio-cosmocentric ethics that includes the extra-human, considering the development of ethical awareness and the responsibility of man to the present and future of life on the planet.
Intercursos entre a psicologia genética e a ética do discurso de Jürgen Habermas
In: Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 166-176
In this article we aim to demarcate the interchanges of the ethics of Haberma's discourse and the genetic psychology of Lawrence Kohlberg. If, on the one hand, for the German philosopher his ethical proposal can contribute to fill the deficits of genetic psychology in relation to moral development, on the other hand, discourse ethics is based on the empirical researches carried out by psychology theorists and, with this, reinforce the thesis of the ethical universality defended by Habermas and Carl Otto-Apel. However, there are limits on the demarcation of the philosophy and the psychology because the are fields in which the methodologies are not identified and and because they assume different epistemologics perspectives, descriptive for the psychology of development and prescriptive for Habermas' philosophy intends to establish a relation with different fields of knowledge, from which it ensures interdisciplinarity and openness to the constant dialogue between diverse knowledge.
Ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos: reflexões a partir das experiências da UNIOESTE – ciência e educação
In: ETD - Educação Temática Digital, Band 11, Heft 1, S. 175-205
No cenário mundial, a ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos passou a despertou maior atenção principalmente após as atrocidades ocorridas ao longo da Segunda Guerra Mundial. As transformações rápidas e profundas do mundo contemporâneo solicitam maior atenção da sociedade quanto aos princípios éticos que dão rumo sustentável à sociedade e à natureza. O avanço na investigação científica proporciona muito progresso a favor da humanidade, mas, por outro lado, há também muitos desfavorecimentos. Este artigo objetiva, a partir da vivência dos autores como membros efetivos do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (CEP-UNIOESTE), discutir alguns aspectos éticos no contexto histórico da humanidade, comportar motivos decorrentes das preocupações no que diz respeito aos cuidados éticos em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos e abordar avanços e retrocessos na atuação do CEP-UNIOESTE diante do controle ético de propostas de investigação envolvendo seres humanos oriundos das regiões Oeste e Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. Encerra-se a discussão com ponderações sobre a ação educacional no processo de formação do pesquisador para a investigação envolvendo seres humanos a partir de adequações da normatização dos pressupostos éticos envolvendo o investigador e a sociedade.