Suchergebnisse

The governance of research ethics in Canada, including its research ethics boards (REBs),
which correspond to the institutional review boards in the U.S., often is portrayed as an
exemplary model of cross-disciplinary cooperation and consultation that is altruistically
striving to protect research subjects from abuses in biomedical, social sciences, and
humanities research. While there is indeed a great deal of altruism and good intention among
those involved in this governance, power and interests also play a role that is of
particular concern for political scientists. Governance arrangements have been driven by
biomedical research, which is vastly better funded than social sciences and humanities (SSH)
research. These arrangements have been imposed on the SSH research community with little
sensitivity to the distinctive problems of SSH research, despite concerns about such
problems that political scientists and other SSH researchers have expressed for a decade. A
recent proposal initiated by major research funders to dramatically strengthen research
ethics governance has generated even more alarm.

In this book, scholars with different disciplinary and national backgrounds argue for possible answers and analyse case studies on current issues of governance in biomedical research. These issues comprise among others the research-care distinction, risk evaluation in early human trials, handling of incidental findings, nocebo effects, cluster randomized trials, publication bias, or consent in biobank research. This book demonstrates how new technologies and research possibilities multiply or intensify already known governance challenges, leaving room for ethical analysis and complex moral choices. Clinical researchers, research ethics committee members and research ethicists have all to deal with such challenges on a daily basis. While general reflection on core concepts of research ethics is seldom pointless, those confronted with hard moral choices do need more practical and contextualized reflection on the said issues. This book particularly provides such contextualized reflections and aims to inform all those who study, conduct, regulate, fund, or participate in biomedical research

Conflict research is rife with ethical issues, and the field is increasingly reflecting on how to best address these. Recent debates in political science have mainly focused on ethics in practice, leaving questions of procedural ethics to the side. But procedural ethics are important: they are increasingly required across all areas of research, they are the bedrock of institutional approaches to regulating ethics, and they shape ideas about what constitutes ethical research practice. This article introduces the Research Ethics Governance dataset, the first globally comprehensive dataset of national-level ethics regulations. The dataset provides a picture of the status of research ethics regulations and how they pertain to conflict research. While 87% of countries have requirements for ethical review, only 25% extend those regulations to the social sciences. Of countries with no evidence of requirements, nearly half are classed as fragile or conflict-affected states. The data will be useful for scholars concerned with questions of research ethics, as well as those seeking to study the politics of this regulatory structure and its implications for knowledge production.

There is a growing body of literature that has sought to undermine systems of ethical regulation, and governance more generally, within the social sciences. In this paper, we argue that any general claim for a system of research ethics governance in social research depends on clarifying the nature of the stake that society has in research. We show that certain accounts of this stake-protecting researchers' freedoms; ensuring accountability for resources; safeguarding welfare; and supporting democracy-raise relevant ethical considerations that are reasonably contested. However, these accounts cannot underpin a general claim in favour of, or against, a system of research ethics governance. Instead, we defend governance in social research on the grounds that research, as an institutionalised form of enquiry, is a constitutive element of human flourishing, and that society ought to be concerned with the flourishing of its members. We conclude by considering the governance arrangements that follow from, and are justified by, our arguments.

There is a growing body of literature that has sought to undermine systems of ethical regulation, and governance more generally, within the social sciences. In this paper, we argue that any general claim for a system of research ethics governance in social research depends on clarifying the nature of the stake that society has in research. We show that certain accounts of this stake— protecting researchers' freedoms; ensuring accountability for resources; safeguarding welfare; and supporting democracy—raise relevant ethical considerations that are reasonably contested. However, these accounts cannot underpin a general claim in favour of, or against, a system of research ethics governance. Instead, we defend governance in social research on the grounds that research, as an institutionalised form of enquiry, is a constitutive element of human flourishing, and that society ought to be concerned with the flourishing of its members. We conclude by considering the governance arrangements that follow from, and are justified by, our arguments.

4. Aspirational Codes, Especially When Expecting Demonstration of 'Virtue', Need to be Tempered with Reality5. Being 'Critically Virtuous' is Unlikely; 6. We Cannot Assume that Education Will Lead to Moral or Virtuous Researchers; 7. Research Ethics cannot be Predicated on a Phantastical Belief in 'Mind Reading' and our Responsibility cannot be to Speculate about Motives, but to Focus on the Conduct of Research and Behaviour of Researchers Rather than their Imagined Motives; Conclusion; References

"This book focuses on the importance of ethics and application of ethics, entrepreneurship, and governance in higher education institutions. It also serves stakeholders of institutions imparting higher education design a code of ethics framework and governance policies that facilitate its implementation for the good of the society to foster entrepreneurship in their communities"--

In this article, I try to provide a more balanced history of ethics governance of human-subjects research. By taking seriously the controversies about governance issues, it argues that, instead of resulting from inevitable historical logic, things could have been otherwise, and regulation was not the only possible solution to governance dilemmas. It describes changes in Dutch governance of ethics in research with human subjects by exploring three controversial issues in the development of research governance. First, it will focus on the debate about internal and external control regarding the medical profession to show that different stakeholders held different views on how to govern ethics of research with human subjects. Second, it will describe discussions about centralized versus decentralized governance. This topic was especially relevant in the constitution of formal ethical review practices in the late twentieth century. Third, it will investigate the homogeneity versus heterogeneity issue with respect to substantive and procedural criteria for the assessment of research. Exemplary for this issue is the multicenter drug trial, which has become a paragon in ethics review for other related fields of research. The article concludes with suggestions on what we can learn from this alternative account of history. Adapted from the source document.

The chapters of this book are a selection of papers presented at a joint conference on Law, Ethics and Finance was held at the York University Schulich School of Business, 16--18 September, 2010. This book highlights with empirical data the strong interplay on ethics in organisational efficiency and entrepreneurial activity, and the role of legal settings and governance in facilitating ethical standards. It is hoped these papers encourage future scholars to continue to investigate the role of law and corporate governance in mitigating corruption and facilitating integrity in management,entrepr