Suchergebnisse

Compared with the very large amount of work on student motivation, there is very little research on motivation for study and work for apprentices. And yet, the growing number of drop-outs or changes of orientation during the apprenticeship alone would justify a serious study of this question. The overall objective of this project is to examine the extent to which various institutional or psychological variables influence the way in which the motivation of apprentices evolves for the different dimensions of their learning (job-oriented classes, general culture or activities in the host company).
Among the institutional variables, we examined the impact of the types of pathways (apprenticeship or professional maturity), the determinants of the professional choice (degree of adequacy between the apprenticeship position found and the dream profession) and the training phase (first, second or final year of apprenticeship). As for the psychological variables, we have retained the nature of personal aspirations, the construction of professional identity and the perception of the social and relational climate in which the apprenticeship takes place. The research was to enable us to achieve two goals: to contribute to the study of a population still poorly understood in the field of research (the dual training as it exists in Switzerland meeting only very little outside our borders), but also deliver important information for reflection on training policy.
Five main questions guided the research:
1. How does motivation evolve during basic vocational training?
2. How does the motivation relate to the three fields of activity: job-oriented classes, general culture or training in the host company?
3. What is the effect of the type of path followed (apprenticeship or professional maturity) on motivation?
4. Does the voluntary or forced choice of a sector and / or profession have an influence on motivation?
5. In the context of vocational adolescents, how do motivational variables relate to other cognitive and affective variables, in particular identity, aspirations and projects, representations of the profession and vocational training, and the perception of working conditions?

Compared with the very large amount of work on student motivation, there is very little research on motivation for study and work for apprentices. And yet, the growing number of drop-outs or changes of orientation during the apprenticeship alone would justify a serious study of this question. The overall objective of this project is to examine the extent to which various institutional or psychological variables influence the way in which the motivation of apprentices evolves for the different dimensions of their learning (job-oriented classes, general culture or activities in the host company).
Among the institutional variables, we examined the impact of the types of pathways (apprenticeship or professional maturity), the determinants of the professional choice (degree of adequacy between the apprenticeship position found and the dream profession) and the training phase (first, second or final year of apprenticeship). As for the psychological variables, we have retained the nature of personal aspirations, the construction of professional identity and the perception of the social and relational climate in which the apprenticeship takes place. The research was to enable us to achieve two goals: to contribute to the study of a population still poorly understood in the field of research (the dual training as it exists in Switzerland meeting only very little outside our borders), but also deliver important information for reflection on training policy.
Five main questions guided the research:
1. How does motivation evolve during basic vocational training?
2. How does the motivation relate to the three fields of activity: job-oriented classes, general culture or training in the host company?
3. What is the effect of the type of path followed (apprenticeship or professional maturity) on motivation?
4. Does the voluntary or forced choice of a sector and / or profession have an influence on motivation?
5. In the context of vocational adolescents, how do motivational variables relate to other cognitive and affective variables, in particular identity, aspirations and projects, representations of the profession and vocational training, and the perception of working conditions?

The focus of research was the state and evolution of UN arms embargoes and their implementation including monitoring and enforcement. The objective was to build a comprehensive database on the topic that had received much less academic attention previously in order to identify obstacles and options for arms embargoes' contribution to conflict resolution.
In doing so, the project builds in particular on the current state of research on UN sanctions and seeks to address their contribution and shortcomings under changing conditions in conflict areas as well as in the UN system, especially within the governance architecture for sanctions.
As a starting point, the research design built on the analysis of all ongoing UN arms embargoes addressing armed conflict as well as a basic overview of previous, terminated embargoes. The analysis of ongoing UN arms embargoes is not a structured comparison; rather the study traces their evolution along several categories in order to identify common and differing patterns that are relevant to answer the overall research question.

It has been shown that psychological predispositions to benefit others can motivate human cooperation and the evolution of such social preferences can be explained with kin or multi-level selection models. It has also been shown that cooperation can evolve as a costly signal of an unobservable quality that makes a person more attractive with regard to other types of social interactions. Here we show that if a proportion of individuals with social preferences is maintained in the population through kin or multi-level selection, cooperative acts that are truly altruistic can be a costly signal of social preferences and make altruistic individuals more trustworthy interaction partners in social exchange. In a computerized laboratory experiment, we test whether altruistic behavior in the form of charitable giving is indeed correlated with trustworthiness and whether a charitable donation increases the observing agents' trust in the donor. Our results support these hypotheses and show that, apart from trust, responses to altruistic acts can have a rewarding or outcome-equalizing purpose. Our findings corroborate that the signaling benefits of altruistic acts that accrue in social exchange can ease the conditions for the evolution of social preferences.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues of political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the seventh edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2014 edition focuses on 'Attitudes towards immigration' and 'Social inequalities in health'.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues of political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the seventh edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2016 edition focuses on 'Climate change' and 'Welfare'.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues of political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the seventh edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2014 edition focuses on 'Attitudes towards immigration' and 'Social inequalities in health'.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues of political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the fifth edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2010 edition focuses on the image of police and justice as well as the relationship between work and family.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues concerning political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the third edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2006 edition focuses on social and personal well-being, as well as the relationship between young and old generations.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues concerning political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the second edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The modules specific to the 2004 edition address the themes of economic ethics, work, family, well-being, health and care.

The ESS survey (European Social Survey, http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org) emerged from the need to obtain comparative data in Europe on a number of issues concerning political science, sociology, social psychology, mass communication or economics. The ESS is a study introduced in 2002 and replicated every two years. This is the fourth edition of the study in Switzerland. The ESS provides indicators on the practices and representations of the Swiss population, making it possible to compare them with European countries and to observe the evolution over time. The 2008 edition focuses on attitudes towards age groups and the perception of public policies.

Between 2005 and 2017, every year a survey has been conducted among the students and the employees of the University of Lausanne. An online questionnaire addressed the journeys from home to the campus, the modal split (share of the different means of mobility), the temporal distribution (frequence and peak hours) and the spatial distribution (origin-destination, distance). The project has 4 steps: (1) data cleaning, archiving and provision; (2) an analysis of the different surveys to identify the principal tendencies and evolutions in mobility practices for the campus; (3) a monograph concerning mobility management on the campus; (4) the redesign of the survey for future editions.