Suchergebnisse

"Legislatures in Evolution presents a series of essays on evolution and change in the legislative context. They cover a wide range of topics, including both proposed and implemented reforms. The contributions included here discuss parliamentarians' attitude toward party discipline; the specific challenges associated with implementing sexual harassment policies within legislatures; the consequences of the Supreme Court's ruling in Mikisew Cree First Nation v. Canada on the government's duty to consult Indigenous Peoples when drafting legislation; parliamentarians' engagement in budgetary control issues; the reform of the rules governing prayers in the Legislature of British Columbia; and time management reforms in the Legislative Assembly of Yukon. Charles Feldman, Geneviève Tellier, David Groves, and their contributors bring together both practical and academic experience and perspectives. They conclude with an analysis of parliamentary reforms, paying particular attention to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of legislatures."

The past 20 years have been notable for the level of conflict affecting principally weak, failing or failed states. This sharp retrospective looks at how claims relating to ethnic identity, which transcend frontiers, have been superimposed on conventional state against state conflicts to leave the international community worse off as a result.

Over the last decades the legal protection of civil liberties has registered an unexpected progress. Yet, rather than being freer we are less so, various considerations having led to the multiplication of proscriptions in every possible field without anyone protesting. Adapted from the source document.

Excerpts from Flottes de combat ([Combat Fleets of the World] 2006) survey the surface and submarine capacities and plans of the Japanese, Chinese, and Indian navies. Other fleets are mentioned: those of South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

The urban environment is in permanent degradation and the development of our cities is done against the directives instruments of planning and urbanism as well as monitoring and control tools, which created a gap between the legislation and practice of the indifference of the user and the administration with regard to the rules of urbanism. In this research, we are trying to detect urban policies in Algeria by analysing the different steps that have punctuated the evolution of urban planning to clarify the legal environment of practice of all the instruments of spatial and urban planning and flatten their effectiveness in the management of urban development in order to detect the shortcomings affecting the implementation. However, foreign models due to historical links which have enacted urban growth. In spite of the considerable efforts of the public authorities, despite the existence of a range of legislative and regulatory tools, and the development of instruments supposed to planning solutions to urban problems; the city continues its development without a real improvement in quality of life, gradually losing its identity cues and consuming of unrelated land potential.

This thesis studies the maintenance and replacement decision problem for systems subject to uncertain technological improvement while considering the operational requirements related to maintenance and strategic investment. We utilize the flexibility and dynamic nature of real options that traditionally applied to the financial domain by evaluating them through non-stationary Markov decision processes. More specifically, the models presented allow us to dynamically adapt the maintenance decision for systems subject to substantial technological developments. This decision is linked to the notion of a technological jump, the choice of technology generation for investment, as well as the uncertainty of the economy and market. The maintenance option allows delaying the investment decision in order to wait for changes in technology. Furthermore, we analyze these decisions based on different kinds of the obsolescence. They can be subjective, defined by the ratio of current and expected performance, or objective in the case of the material incompatibility, in particular spare parts. Finally, the use of these models allows us to study the influence of the quality and level of technology information on maintenance and investment policies by evaluating the possibility to periodically purchase additional information. ; Cette thèse s'attache à étudier la problématique de la décision de maintenance pour des systèmes soumis à évolution technologique incertaine, rapprochant attentes opérationnelles liées à la maintenance et préoccupations stratégiques d'investissement. Nous tirons bénéfice de la flexibilité et du caractère dynamique du principe d'options réelles traditionnellement appliqué au domaine de la finance en les évaluant par le biais de processus de décision markoviens non stationnaires. Plus précisément, les modèles présentés permettent d'adapter dynamiquement la décision de maintenance pour des systèmes soumis à de fortes évolutions technologiques, cette décision étant liée à la notion de saut technologique, au ...