Inflation expectations significantly influence economic environment. During the past decades there was high and unstable inflation and systematic excess and mismatch between actual inflation and official forecasts in Russia. At present economic agents have low level of trust in official inflation forecasts. The subject of the research are inflation expectations in Russia. The aim of the research is to justify the possibility of inflation expectation management provision in Russia. The article shows that currently, nowadays inflation expectations are predominantly adaptive in Russia. Nevertheless, inflation reduction and stabilization in 2011-2013 can become the basis for inflation expectations anchor provision and perceived inflation uncertainty minimization.
Unemployed people have different job opportunities. The article examines how job seekers form their wage expectations. The information base of the article was the data of a questionnaire survey of job seekers who applied for assistance to the Moscow State Employment Service, carried out in 2017. Two types of work remuneration settings of the unemployed were studied: first, the minimum wage offered by the employment service that they are ready to accept, and second, a decent wage. The wage expectations of the unemployed were studied in two ways. Firstly, the trajectory change over the duration of job search was examined. Secondly, the shifts were assessed with the account of the reproductive function of wage. It was found out that 2/3 of the respondents focused on the wages within the range from 1.5 to 3 of the official minimum wage, and as the search was dragging on, their expectations were concentrated in this range. The number of people looking for a well-paid job for more than a year decreased by 3 times in comparison with those who have just started job seeking. The contingent of the unemployed who agreed to low-paying jobs was characterized by a high mobility and changing qualitative composition. The factors affecting the changes in attitudes to wage were assessed. Low social benefits forced job-seekers to agree to unskilled labor or nonoccupational work, which led to depreciation of the wage expectations. Growing awareness of the situation on the labor market, controlled by the state employment service, also contributed to their correction. The unemployed, developing optimal job search strategies in the face of a shortage of vacancies with decent wages and rejections from employers, adjusted their expectations towards lower claims.
Currently, Russia ranks fourth in terms of the influx of migrants (officially, their number in the country is 12 million), with most of them concentrated in Moscow. In Estonia, the influx of migrants is significantly lower, however, after the collapse of the USSR, quite a lot of Russians ended up in the status of an ethnic minority. At the moment they make up almost a quarter of the population of Estonia (the total number is more than 300 thousand people). This study examines the role of perceived threat as a moderator of the link between civic identity and acculturation expectations in two different ethnic groups in two different countries. The aim of the study is to provide the answers to the questions: What role does perceived threat play in the relationship between civic identity and the acculturation expectations of the host population? Is the perceived threat a moderator? What are the differences in the role of the perceived threat in different contexts: from Muscovites (ethnic Russians) to migrants and from Tallinn residents (ethnic Estonians) to Russians who are an ethnic minority? This study was conducted using an online socio-psychological survey. The responses of the survey participants determined the level of civic identity, perceived threat and acculturation expectations. The sample consisted of 214 ethnic Russians living in Moscow and 288 ethnic Estonians living in Tallinn. The results of the study showed that the perceived threat is a moderator of the connection between civic identity and integration among Muscovites. It is significant that here the cultural and economic threat became the moderator, and the physical threat turned out to be significant only at the level of tendencies. For Tallinn residents, the perceived economic threat turned out to be a moderator of the link between civicl identity and the "melting pot", and the physical threat - a moderator of civic identity and "segregation." Thus, the cultural threat did not show any influence among Tallinn residents. It should be noted that the moderation effect worked differently in each group. For Muscovites, the perceived threat was associated with integration attitudes. In Tallinn, it has shown links with two strategies that imply a complete lack of integration.
The authors of this article proceed from the fact that, as a result of the intensive development of digital technologies, a digital society has formed an understanding of life, in which many habitual social practices have been transformed into digital ones. In particular, digital technologies have contributed to the fact that communication on personal, social and commercial issues has moved to a different, virtual level. However, in a number of areas, digital communication causes problems and communication disruptions. For example, previous studies have highlighted high levels of consumer dissatisfaction with companies using digital communication tools. Especially a lot of criticism is caused by answerphones, recently widely popular and used increasingly by public and commercial institutions. The article examines the new ways companies use to deliver their message to an existing or potential customer, as well as the quality and customer ratings of some of these solutions. In addition, the authors tried to identify factors that influence consumer satisfaction when communicating with companies in the digital environment. The main research methods are analysis of previous projects results, interviews and online survey. The article is based on the results of the research conducted in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The city residents expectations for the automated communication system used in the modern world between the user and the service provider in case when communication is initiated by the consumer to solve his problems were studied on the example of telecommunications companies. These expectations were divided into six groups, and a comparative quantitative assessment of consumer expectations and the actual quality of communication was made. A low level of satisfaction with new ways of communication between companies and consumers was detected, and factors influencing consumer attitudes were identified. In general, the study showed that the formed factors determine the priority directions of transformation of the communication practices of companies and are the basis for the balance of technologies and human resources at the enterprise.
This paper presents the results of a study of the links between the gender gap in life expectancy, on the one hand, and differences in value attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle between men and women, on the other.
In: Mir nauki: sociologija, filologija, kul'turologija : naučnyj žurnal otkrytogo dostupa = World of science : sociology, philology, cultural studies, Band 11, Heft 3
The article examines the functional responsibilities and competencies of modern specialists who work in the advertising field, public communications, and marketing communications. Those specialists have to be ready for constant changes and the use of current technologies because the communication sphere is very mobile, also depends on the use of new technologies, and is associated with the development of the infosphere. And because of that, the employers' requirements for candidates are constantly updated. To compare presented in the scholarly literature theoretical models and the modern employers' requirements, the author studied the traditional specialists' functions and competencies, which are described in scientific works, higher education programs, and state educational standards. Also, was made a cut of the employers' practical expectations who post job openings on the Headhunter website, which is one of the most popular jobs search and recruiting services. Also were analyzed requirements for a large Russian and international companies stated in the openings posted in January–June 2020. Based on the analysis, the author concludes the ratio of traditional and new functions in the communicative field workers' job, about the requirements for their knowledge and skills, which are divided into the categories of hard skills and soft skills. As a result, it was concluded that modern employers are in demand for specialists who can perform traditional functions that have proven their effectiveness, as well as use all relevant modern technologies in their job. The equally important right combination of hard skills and soft skills as the basis of the professional activity of a modern specialist.
The message is a reaction of its authors to the lengthy article by academician S.Yu. Glaziev published in № 6 of the «Russian economic journal» for 2019 «Once again-on the same rake? (Special opinion of a member of the National financial Council on the draft «Main directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2020 and the period 2021 and 2022» of the Bank of Russia)», which fixes the unacceptably narrow interpretation of the «mega-regulator» of its constitutional duties and areas of application of regulatory tools, and argues for the unacceptability and harmful consequences of the authors of the draft of the subject of their analysis and the scope of Central Bank regulation to the dynamics of inflationary expectations of economic entities and the population. While agreeing in principle with this thesis, the authors of the communication offer their own arguments in its favor. At the same time, special attention is paid to the following two points. First, in Russian socio-economic realities: a) consumers have very little ability to change their spending in response to fluctuations in their inflation expectations; b) sellers (including employees) are extremely limited in imposing their conditions on buyers. Second, the methods for determining specific quantitative values of inflation expectations are far from perfect.
In the introduction of the article, the authors argued the critical relevance of the subject under consideration and described results of studies conducted both by international organizations and individual experts assessing the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic for the European Union and the available information and methodological foundations of a qualitative study of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The article describes in detail the economic consequences of a coronavirus attack for the European region. The authors analyzed the main barriers to rapid economic recovery, the effects of the European Commission's anti-crisis actions, short-term trends, forecasts of international organizations, and risks that emerged in the first half of 2020. According to the authors, many anti-crisis measures were taken in the region too gradually and heterogeneously across countries. Economic uncertainty and risks are still high. The divergence of countries, associated with the exit from the coronavirus crisis, is increasing. The authors also analyzed well-known composite indicators of business cycle surveys that reflect the short-term changes in economic sentiments of entrepreneurs and consumers in the European Union and the euro area and are published more quickly than traditional quantitative observations. The authors' assessments are confirmed by the results of surveys conducted by international and national organizations, which indicate that all negative trends that characterize the «economic anxiety» of European managers and consumers have begun to slow down. ; Во введении статьи аргументируется чрезвычайная актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы и характеризуются некоторые результаты проведенных за рубежом исследований как международных организаций, так и отдельных специалистов, оценивающих влияние коронавирусной атаки на экономику стран Европейского союза; дается оценка информационно-методологических оснований, необходимых для качественного изучения особенностей нынешнего кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19. В статье подробно охарактеризованы экономические последствия вспышки коронавирусной инфекции для европейского региона. Особое внимание авторы уделили анализу основных барьеров, препятствующих быстрому восстановлению экономики; эффектов антикризисных действий Европейской комиссии; краткосрочных тенденций; прогнозов международных организаций и рисков, которые проявились еще в первом полугодии 2020 г. По мнению авторов, в анализируемом периоде многие антикризисные меры принимались в регионе постепенно и неоднородно по странам. Экономическая неопределенность и риски все еще остаются достаточно высокими. Констатируется, что возникшая дивергенция стран, связанная с выходом из коронакризиса, не ослабевает. Отдельно проанализированы общеизвестные композитные индикаторы обследований бизнес-циклов, которые отражают краткосрочные изменения экономических настроений предпринимателей и потребителей в ЕС и еврозоне и публикуются более оперативно по сравнению с информацией традиционных количественных наблюдений. Авторские оценки подтверждаются результатами обследований международных и национальных организаций, которые свидетельствуют о начавшемся неравномерном замедлении негативных тенденций, характеризующих «экономическое беспокойство» европейских менеджеров и потребителей.
In: Žurnal Belorusskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta: Časopis Belaruskaha Dzjaržaŭnaha Ŭniversitėta = Journal of the Belarusian State University. Istorija = Historyja = History, Heft 3, S. 83-91
After the USSR collapse, coming out of October Revolution shadow, the problem of the surrounding reality perception by the First World War soldiers attracts an increasing number of researchers, because it allows a deeper understanding of social and political processes' nature, which took place in the Russian Empire. And in this regard, the soldiers' letters are a unique source that allows us synchronizing events at the front with the participants' attitude towards them. The aim of our study was to reveal the peculiarities of front-line soldiers' perception of political processes taking place in Russia during February revolution. The work was carried out from the social history point of view and on the basis of microhistorical approach, which involves the study of particular phenomena occurring in the lives of definite individuals of the past, in order to identify the dominant ideas and trends of the society in general. It allowed us realizing the research goals. The «February Report» analysis distinguishes calm moods in the troops and the authors' of letters confidence in the need to continue the war. There is no doubt that the major culprit for the soldiers' disasters was the main Russian opponent – Germany. As for the soldiers' attitude to the socio-political situation change in the country, it is reflected in the report section – The army's attitude to internal political events. Its materials testify that the main part of soldiers didn't realize events, which took place at that time. However, the sprouts of revolutionary moods have already given their first shoots. The following March 1917 summary presents us a completely different picture, not like the previous month: high spirits, patriotism, belief in own actions rightness, i.e. the revolution, which took place, had a positive effect on the army's mood. One can notice confidence in a quick victory over the enemy in soldiers' letters. At the same time, the number of dramatic changes has being already recorded in the section – «The officer corps' characteristics» and they were caused by political reforms introduced into the military environment by a new government. The April 1917 summary gives us an opportunity to get acquainted with the soldiers' perception of reality surrounding them during a period of some emotional sobering, when initial revolutionary passions were somehow declined. And although there still was a large number of letters testifying the soldiers' conscious awareness of their duty to a motherland, as it could be seen from the Report, the anti-war sentiments were obviously reflected in the military environment. This, in its turn, led to a discipline drop and to an increase of conflicts with the commanders. The authors come to a conclusion that the front-line soldiers' positive perception of the «new authority» and the political transformations, which were carried out by them, were quickly replaced by a negative attitude towards it, and political reforms led to a decline in discipline and to an increase of anti-war attitudes.
In 1916, Fyodor Sologub visited the Urals as part of a tour with the lecture Russia in Dreams and Expectations. He came to Ufa and Chelyabinsk in February and to Yekaterinburg and Perm in October. The enthusiastic and patriotic lecture was dedicated to the providential role of symbolism in world history. It claimed that the existence of symbolism was essential and necessary, however, in view of the circumstances of war, the emphasis shifted towards emotional reflection on Russian messianism. This article restores the details of the tour, the organisation of local performances, and analyses the reaction of the provincial press to the lecture (newspapers Ufimskaia Zhizn', Zauralski Kray, Golos Priural'ia, Permskaia Zhizn', etc.). These materials are supplemented by documents kept in the Sologub archive of the Institute of Russian Literature of the RAS (letters, postcards, telegrams, lecture notes, and manuscripts of poems). Special attention is paid to newspaper articles, feuilletons, and detailed reactions to Sologub's performances. Most of the authors considered Sologub's thoughts to be untimely, irrelevant, and not related to military and pre-revolutionary reality. The lecture was an opportunity for them to explain their own points of view on "dreams and expectations" of Russia.The article contains previously unpublished excerpts from letters to Sologub from Sergey Vinogradov and Ivan Ushakin. In addition, it is established that one of Sologub's poems was written in the Urals. ; В 1916 г. Ф. Сологуб в рамках гастролей с лекцией «Россия в мечтах и ожиданиях» посетил Урал: в феврале — Уфу и Челябинск, в октябре — в Екатеринбург и Пермь. Лекция была посвящена провиденциальной роли символизма в истории, в ней утверждалась его необходимость и насущность, но ввиду обстоятельств войны акцент был смещен в сторону патетических рассуждений о русском мессианизме и «русской» темы в классической поэзии и поэзии модернизма. В настоящей статье восстанавливаются подробности поездки поэта по Уралу, детали организации его выступлений на местах, анализируются отклики провинциальной прессы (газеты «Уфимская жизнь», «Зауральский край», «Голос Приуралья», «Пермская жизнь» и др.), дополненные документами, хранящимися в архиве Ф. Сологуба в Рукописном отделе ИРЛИ РАН (письма, открытки, телеграммы, конспекты и черновики лекции, рукописи стихотворений). Особое место уделено газетным статьям, фельетонам, развернутым откликам на выступления. Большинство из представленных авторов посчитали мысли Сологуба несвоевременными, неуместными, не имеющими отношения к военной и предреволюционной действительности. Каждый из авторов вольно или невольно создал информационный повод для выражения собственной точки зрения и общей точки зрения редакции на «мечты и ожидания» в нестабильное для страны время.Также в статье впервые публикуются выдержки из писем Сологубу поэта и публициста С. В. Виноградова и журналиста и публициста И. С. Ушакина. Устанавливается, что одно из стихотворений Сологуба было написано на Урале во время путешествия в поезде.
Поступила в редакцию: 27.12.2019. Принята к печати: 14.07.2020. ; Submitted: 27.12.2019. Accepted: 14.07.2020. ; В 1916 г. Ф. Сологуб в рамках гастролей с лекцией «Россия в мечтах и ожиданиях» посетил Урал: в феврале — Уфу и Челябинск, в октябре — в Екатеринбург и Пермь. Лекция была посвящена провиденциальной роли символизма в истории, в ней утверждалась его необходимость и насущность, но ввиду обстоятельств войны акцент был смещен в сторону патетических рассуждений о русском мессианизме и «русской» темы в классической поэзии и поэзии модернизма. В настоящей статье восстанавливаются подробности поездки поэта по Уралу, детали организации его выступлений на местах, анализируются отклики провинциальной прессы (газеты «Уфимская жизнь», «Зауральский край», «Голос Приуралья», «Пермская жизнь» и др.), дополненные документами, хранящимися в архиве Ф. Сологуба в Рукописном отделе ИРЛИ РАН (письма, открытки, телеграммы, конспекты и черновики лекции, рукописи стихотворений). Особое место уделено газетным статьям, фельетонам, развернутым откликам на выступления. Большинство из представленных авторов посчитали мысли Сологуба несвоевременными, неуместными, не имеющими отношения к военной и предреволюционной действительности. Каждый из авторов вольно или невольно создал информационный повод для выражения собственной точки зрения и общей точки зрения редакции на «мечты и ожидания» в нестабильное для страны время. Также в статье впервые публикуются выдержки из писем Сологубу поэта и публициста С. В. Виноградова и журналиста и публициста И. С. Ушакина. Устанавливается, что одно из стихотворений Сологуба было написано на Урале во время путешествия в поезде. ; In 1916, Fyodor Sologub visited the Urals as part of a tour with the lecture Russia in Dreams and Expectations. He came to Ufa and Chelyabinsk in February and to Yekaterinburg and Perm in October. The enthusiastic and patriotic lecture was dedicated to the providential role of symbolism in world history. It claimed that the existence of symbolism was essential and necessary, however, in view of the circumstances of war, the emphasis shifted towards emotional reflection on Russian messianism. This article restores the details of the tour, the organisation of local performances, and analyses the reaction of the provincial press to the lecture (newspapers Ufimskaia Zhizn', Zauralski Kray, Golos Priural'ia, Permskaia Zhizn', etc.). These materials are supplemented by documents kept in the Sologub archive of the Institute of Russian Literature of the RAS (letters, postcards, telegrams, lecture notes, and manuscripts of poems). Special attention is paid to newspaper articles, feuilletons, and detailed reactions to Sologub's performances. Most of the authors considered Sologub's thoughts to be untimely, irrelevant, and not related to military and pre-revolutionary reality. The lecture was an opportunity for them to explain their own points of view on "dreams and expectations" of Russia. The article contains previously unpublished excerpts from letters to Sologub from Sergey Vinogradov and Ivan Ushakin. In addition, it is established that one of Sologub's poems was written in the Urals. ; The work is part of research project 19-78-10095 "Industrial Identity of Russian Territories: The Regional Communities and Discourse of Urals in the Culture of the 18th–20th Centuries" supported by a Russian Science Foundation grant. ; Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 19-78-10095 «Индустриальная идентичность территорий России: уральские региональные сообщества и дискурс об Урале в культуре XVIII–XX вв.»).
Неурегулированная бессарабская проблема предопределила во второй половине 1920-х — середине 1930-х гг. особенности диалога СССР и Румынии по вопросу формирования системы коллективной безопасности в Европе. Стремление двух государств укрепить свои позиции в европейской политике и посредничество французской дипломатии обусловили временное сближение Москвы и Бухареста в период руководства румынской дипломатией Н. Титулеску (1933—1936 гг.), который заключил «джентльменское соглашение» с главой НКИД СССР М. М. Литвиновым об исключении советских претензий на Бессарабию из обсуждения. Однако дальнейшая дипломатическая тактика Н. Титулеску, нацеленная на получение советского признания власти Бухареста над спорной Бессарабией, не удалась и вновь привела к реанимации бессарабской проблемы. Unresolved status of the Bessarabian problem predetermined the features of the dialog between USSR and Romania on the issue of formation of a collective security system in Europe during the second half of the 1920s — mid 1930s. The wishes of the two countries to strengthen their position in European politics and mediation of French diplomacy resulted in temporary rapprochement between Moscow and Bucharest during the leadership of the Romanian diplomacy Nicolae Titulescu (1933—1936), who has concluded «gentleman's agreement» with the head of the NKID of the USSR M. Litvinov on exclusion of the Soviet claims on Bessarabia from the discussion. However, further diplomatic tactics of Titulescu, aimed at obtaining of the Soviet recognition of the Romanian sovereignty over Bessarabia, failed and led to the reanimation of the Bessarabian problem.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the essential components of the image of the future of student youth — their social ideals, social expectations, moods and life planning. The authors based their conclusions on the results of an empirical study of third-year Yekaterinburg universities students enrolled in undergraduate programs (N = 2000). According to the results of the study, a reasonably close planning horizon was revealed among students. According to the students themselves, significant uncertainty and variability of the situation prevent them from planning their future for the long term. The authors see the main reasons for the student youth uncertainty in their future processes reflected in the respondents' social phobias — economic risks — fears of becoming poor or unemployed, and political ones — feelings of insecurity from discrimination for political opinion, police violence and corruption of officials. The data revealed found that the image of the social future of Yekaterinburg students has a clearly expressed conflict character: the sharpest contradiction takes place between the social ideals of youth, including the achievement of a high standard of living, economic well-being, respect for human rights, a democratic society, equality and justice, and its social expectations, which are mostly negative — among them are rising prices, inflation, declining living standards, environmental degradation, political unrest and protests, conflicts, deterioration of relations with other countries. At the same time, despite the pessimism in assessments of the probable future of Russian society, the majority of the students surveyed believe that young people have opportunities to influence the development of society and achieve changes for the better. ; Целью статьи является анализ ключевых составляющих образа будущего студенческой молодежи — ее социальных идеалов, социальных ожиданий, настроений и жизненного планирования. Выводы авторов базируются на результатах эмпирического исследования студентов третьего курса вузов Екатеринбурга, обучающихся по программам бакалавриата (N = 2 000). По результатам исследования был выявлен достаточно близкий горизонт планирования у студентов. Согласно мнению самих студентов, молодежи мешает планировать свое будущее на длительный период значительная неопределенность и изменчивость ситуации. Основными причинами неуверенности студенческой молодежи в своем будущем авторы видят процессы, отражающиеся в социальных фобиях респондентов: экономических рисках — опасениях стать бедным или безработным и политических рисках — ощущениях незащищенности от преследований за политические убеждения, произвола правоохранительных органов и произвола чиновников. Обнаружено, что образ социального будущего студентов Екатеринбурга имеет явно выраженный конфликтный характер: основное противоречие развертывается между социальными идеалами молодежи, среди которых достижение высокого жизненного уровня, экономическое благополучие, соблюдение прав человека, демократическое общество, равенство и справедливость, и ее социальными ожиданиями, которые носят, в основном, негативный характер — среди них лидируют рост цен, инфляция, снижение жизненного уровня, ухудшение экологической ситуации, политические беспорядки и протесты, конфликты, ухудшение отношений с другими странами. При этом, несмотря на пессимизм в оценках вероятного будущего российского социума, большинство опрошенных студентов считает, что у молодежи есть возможности повлиять на развитие общества и добиться изменений к лучшему.
