Suchergebnisse

A symposium address by Rhodesian minister of Transport & Power on the importance of transport infrastructure development to his government's export earnings. Paper Presented On Day 2 Of Symposium on: Current Economic Problems: Export Development, Nov. 3, 1972.

The Macedonian economy has weathered the post-2008 crisis better than most countries in the Balkans. Investments and exports have sustained growth and the performance of the labour market has somewhat improved. With exports to GDP at around 50%, the small, landlocked economy remains relatively closed, though not necessarily by Balkan standards. Also, with an unemployment rate above 20%, which has tended to be even higher for decades now, there is clearly untapped potential for growth and development. Export-led growth is what the long-term macroeconomic framework has been designed for. There is a fixed exchange rate regime since 1994. Fiscal policy aimed at a balanced general budget for most of the pre 2008 period. Overall, the real exchange rate was not misaligned, so that a more active income and fiscal policy was available post-2008. Finally, an open foreign trade regime, with free trade with the EU and within the regional market of CEFTA, was supportive of growing exports in the last ten or so years. The tradable sector remains small for the size of the economy, not sufficiently diversified and internationalised, with a dominance of larger firms, and not appropriately innovative. A small open economy in the context of internationalisation of production and trade grows through exports by expanding its tradable sector along both the extensive and the intensive margins. That also means that there is a lot of space for innovative activities that can access the large, primarily European market, even if those are small and medium-size companies. With export-led growth remaining the main policy end, the economy is adapted to the stability that the long-term policy framework provides. There are possible improvements to the fiscal system and there is the need of better targeting of public investments. The main policy interventions should be in support of innovation, easier access to the product market in support of entrepreneurship, support for internationalisation of economic activities, and as much support for innovation as possible. Both public policies and the financial system should be supportive of these improvements in the product market. Finally, sustain growth and catching up with the more developed economies require sustained and efficient active labour market policies to bring the unemployment rate down to low single digits. With productivity improvements, the level of the Macedonian economy is about 20% below potential. With a potential growth rate of around 4%, within a generation Macedonian GDP per capita can be close to the EU average.

We analyse the role played by Export Credit Guarantees (ECGs) to encourage exports to developing countries. The existence of moral hazard on the side of the firm is introduced. We show that the inability of the exporter's government to verify the actual quality of the product will limit its ability to encourage trade through ECGs, once the coverage provided goes beyond a certain threshold. This result provides a rationale behind the limited coverage on ECGs.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on interagency coordination on satellite exports."

For small open economies, it is essential that many firms find their way to the export market and most governments provide some form of export promotion assistance. We use detailed firm-level data for Flanders, the largest region in Belgium, to evaluate whether its program raises firms' propensity to start exporting outside the EU single market. We find robust evidence for such an effect by relying on the selection-on-observables assumption which we implement using various estimators. Results remain positive and statistically signifcant, but are smaller in size, when we use two strategies to mitigate self-selection concerns: (i) focus on sub-samples of firms where endogenous selection into treatment is less likely, and (ii) use firms that receive the weakest form of support as controls for firms receiving more extensive support.

A model of entry by a small exporting country into a large country market with an incumbent monopolist is constructed, and export promotion policy is examined. In the presence of strategic entry deterrence by the large country incumbent firm a number of situations can emerge, including the possibility that, in the event of trade liberalization between countries, exports based on cost differences may fail to emerge, and a possibility that export promotion is world welfare improving. A model of multiple export markets with incomplete information on the part of the government is also considered. There it is shown that a policy of export promotion suffers from adverse selection (inefficient entry to export markets), but that this problem can be mitigated in the presence of incumbent monopolists in the potential export market who can actively deter entry.

The term high-tech, covering the high-tech industry and the information-intensive service sector, is based on advanced scientific and technological expertise that requires science, technology, and innovation (STI), and is based on Research & Development expenditure. Sectoral, product and patent approaches are used for classification by OECD and European Union. Literature review on high-tech show that countries focusing on Research and Development Expenditures and new patents have succeeded in increasing their high-tech exports as well. Turkey is one of the countries where the levels of high-tech export is not at the desired levels yet therefore the government must give incentives for Research and Development expenditures and new patents for innovation, as high-tech export affects GDP growth positively.

Considering the rapid and dynamic growth of international trade and market competitiveness in our world, the Ethiopian government introduces and implements fiscal and non fiscal scheme to promote and encourage export trade. The aim of this research paper is the impact of export trade incentive on export growth of Ethiopia from 2003-2018. In this study using explanatory research method combined with trend analysis and time series analysis, we presented finding, results and conclusion by using secondary data which were collected from main actors from government institutions like Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority (ERCA), National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE), Ministry of finance and economic development (MOFED), Development Bank of Ethiopia(DBE). Based on the time series statistical regression analysis , the study found that fiscal incentives(voucher scheme) and financial incentives(Export credit guarantee) and REER are statistical significant with export growth where as the other independent variables Duty drawback and Manufacturing bonded warehouse were statistically insignificant for export growth. The study also suggests that care should be taken to improve the implementation of incentives and formulation of incentive policies. Otherwise Without these improvements the incentive schemes cannot achieve their expected levels of effectiveness.

The Ready made garments RMG are the major source of export income for Bangladesh. This study is an attempt to measure the change, instability, significance of RMG export to total export and relationship between RMG export and total export of Bangladesh based on secondary data during the period FY1997 98 to FY2016 17 collected from Export Promotion Bureau. Different statistical tools have been used to perform the analysis. The analysis reveals that the RMG export and total export of Bangladesh has increased and total export fully depends on RMG export. The analysis also reveals that the RMG export and total export of Bangladesh are not stable during the study period but its increasing trend is good sign for Bangladesh. Therefore, researcher, policy makers and government should give proper attention to develop technology to increase production of ready made garments and develop new market to increase ready made garments export that raises the total export of Bangladesh. Md. Rasadul Islam | Md. Yasseen Shanewaj Tanvir | Dr. Mohammed Taj Uddin "Growth and Significance of RMG Export in Total Export of Bangladesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29369.pdf

After discussing briefly some of the statute's economic implications and limitations, this article will analyze the more significant provisions of the Export Trading Company Act. The Act only recently has been implemented so there is insufficient experience or empirical basis for critiquing the performance of the enforcement agencies. It is not premature, however, to suggest that all administrative and enforcement policies should foster a limited role for government in the operation of export markets. Therefore, regulators empowered to exempt firms from potential antitrust liability should recognize the dual problems inherent in their regulatory activities: They must not impede the efficient organization of an industry as dictated by competitive market forces, and they must not sanction combinations that have the power to limit world-wide production and exact supercompetitive profits from foreign and domestic consumers. Both extremes would necessarily limit production and impede the efficient allocation of resources. In short, those implementing the Act should foster organizations that create otherwise unattainable efficiencies but do not acquire excessive monopoly power.

Export performance in the industry is the top goal of business operation which can be measured from export's sales volume, growth rate of sales volume, growth rate of benefits, marketing ability, acceptance in overseas markets, company's demand in sales revenue increment, and growth rate in overseas markets. The mentioned factors impact on the company's ability to sustain itself in the overseas markets. Factors that are related to export performance are export marketing strategies, competitiveness, the relationship between buyers and sellers, readiness of resources, and government support.

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed export controls for high performance computers, focusing on how the executive branch: (1) assesses the national security risks associated with the export of high performance computers going to countries of concern; (2) determines when the exports of computers at existing performance levels can no longer be controlled; and (3) has addressed arrangements for post-shipment verifications of high performance computer exports."

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined the activities of the U.S. Export Assistance Centers (USEAC) network, focusing on: (1) the nature of coordination among the federal agencies participating in the USEAC network and between these agencies and nonfederal export-service providers; and (2) USEAC assistance to firms that export services and to firms that are not ready to export but show potential and interest in doing so. The three federal agencies participating in the USEAC network include the Department of Commerce, the Export-Import Bank, and the Small Business Administration (SBA)."

This paper focuses on export activities of small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic with the accent especially on the business territories preference and the level of insurance with respect to risk of non-payment of export receivables. It is based on the quantitative survey conducted among 500 exporting SMEs in May 2015 and in some parts confronted with results of a similar survey conducted two years ago to capture the issue developments. The aim is to familiarize readers with the character of export activities of SMEs, their typical features as well as their share in total exports of the country which seems to be slightly falling. By contrast, a newly growing tendency to export outside the countries of the European Union was detected with increasing experience in foreign trade. ; peer-reviewed

Recent literature finds that exporters are particularly vulnerable to financial market frictions.As a consequence, exports may be lower than their efficient levels. For this reason,many countries support exporters by underwriting export credit guarantees. The empiricalevidence on the effects of those policies is, however, very limited. In this paper, we usesectoral data on export credit guarantees issued by the German government. We investigatewhether those guarantees indeed do increase exports, and whether they remedy the exportrestrictingeffect of credit market imperfections both on the sectoral and on the exportmarket levels. Exploiting the sectoral structure of a rich three-ways panel data set ofGerman exports, we control for unobserved heterogeneity on the country-year, sectoryear,and country-sector dimensions. We document a robust export-increasing effect ofguarantees. There is some evidence that the effect is larger for export markets with poorfinancial institutions and in sectors that rely more on external finance.