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We argue that education exerts positive external effects on health, beyond the standard internal effects documented in the literature. We implement an innovative approach to control for endogeneity and omitted variables problems, and present evidence for the significant role played by higher education in explaining longevity across countries. Our findings provide empirical evidence in support of our hypothesis of educational externalities on health.

Egalitarian theories assume, without defending it, the view that the costs of children should be shared between non-parents and parents. This standard position is called into question by the Parental Provision view. Drawing on the familiar idea that people should be held responsible for the consequences of their choices, the Parental Provision view holds that under certain conditions egalitarian justice requires parents to pay for the full costs of their children, as it would be unfair for non-parents to bear the negative externalities of others' choices to have children. This article examines closely the Parental Provision view and argues that various possible justifications for it are unsuccessful. In so doing, it brings to light respects in which the choice to have and rear children is special and may not be treated as being on a par with other choices for which we think people should be held responsible.

When the outcome space X is a product set, the Paretian‐liberal conflict depends on a special cycle of externalities. Even if the society is countably infinite, the inconsistency vanishes if the individuals can be numbered so that person i does not care about the actions of any h<i, although we assume that the liberal constraint is binding only on finite coalitions.

The book offers practical and theoretical insights in regional externalities. Regional externalities are a specific subset of externalities that can be defined as externalities where space plays a dominant role. This class of externalities can be divided into three categories: (1) externalities related to mobility and transport; (2) external economies of scale and cluster effects, and (3) spatial environmental externalities. The book offers examples of the above mentioned categories.

This thesis contains three essays on microeconometrics, networks and economic development. In the first two essays I focus on developing country settings (Tanzania and Nepal respectively) to study how rural villagers form their social networks, and how the existence of these informal links impacts their welfare. The third essay focuses on the international trade of arms to investigate whether the political orientation of government in power makes any difference to arms export policy.

Esta tesis consta de tres ensayos basados en microeconometria, teoria de redes y desarrollo económico. En los primeros dos me focalizo en paises en desarrollo (Tanzania y Nepal respectivamente) por estudiar como los habitantes de zonas rurales forman redes sociales, y cómo la existencia de estos lazos informales afecta su bienestar. El tercer ensayo se centra en el comercio internacional de armas e investiga si la orientación política del gobierno tiene un impacto sobre la politica de exportacion de armamentos. ; This thesis contains three essays on microeconometrics, networks and economic development. In the first two essays I focus on developing country settings (Tanzania and Nepal respectively) to study how rural villagers form their social networks, and how the existence of these informal links impacts their welfare. The third essay focuses on the international trade of weapons to investigate whether the political orientation of government in power makes any difference to arms export policy.

THIS PAPER HAS THREE CLOSELY CONNECTED THEMES. THE FIRST IS THE IMPORTANCE OF QUANTIFICATION. THE SECOND THEME EMERGES FAIRLY SWIFTLY FROM A CLOSE EXAMINATION OF PROBLEMS OF QUANTIFICATION. THE THIRD THEME ALSO FOLLOWS IMMEDIATELY FROM THE SECOND, BUT HAS BEEN SURPRISING NEGLECTED. THIS PAPERS ARGUES THAT THE TEACHING OF ECONOMICS IS DANGEROUSLY FRAGMENTED OR COMPARTMENTALIZED. THESE THEMES ARE ILLUSTRATED FROM THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC FINANCE, AND THIS PAPER CONSIDERS THE SIMPLEST CASE OF A SINGLE TAX ON A GOOD PRODUCED COMPETITIVELY UNDER CONSTANT RETURNS.