Suchergebnisse

AbstractPrevious research has showed that farmers and spouses having off‐farm work report higher life satisfaction than those who work only on the farm. Using both quantitative and qualitative data we test this correlation and ask whether there are other factors than just the off‐farm work which might explain this. Data from a national survey, involving 935 farm women, and in‐depth interviews with twenty‐five farm women, are used to explore the relation between work situation and life satisfaction. The analysis shows that farm women's work situations are diverse and might vary during different life phases. Although women having an off‐farm job express higher satisfaction with their lives than those who work mainly on‐farm, the correlation between work situation and life quality is complex. The analysis indicates that farm women's health status influences both their work situation and their life satisfaction. This implies that it is not only the work situation per se which influences life satisfaction, but rather conditions affecting women's opportunities to make free choices regarding their work situation.

The role of off-farrn employment in augmenting household fann
income in the developing countries is of special significance, given the
land and water resource constraints and the alanning. rate of population
growth. This study focuses on the rural household in Pakistan in an
effort to understand the economic and social factors that affect
off-farm work participation of male household members in the rural
areas. The data are derived from the cross-section survey carried out by
the International Food Policy Research Institute for the year 1986-87 as
a panel study of rural households. The parameters of the model are
estimated using the standard maximum likelihood Tobit approach. Most of
the results are consistent with the findings in other developing
countries. The results confirm that the level of human capital plays an
important role in making decisions providing for labour in off-fann work
activities. The study also highlights the fact that fann-to-market roads
and village electrification are some of the development strategies vital
to encourage participation in off-farm work.

This study estimates the impact of road expansion on off-farm activities in rural China. To achieve this goal, econometric models that capture the impact of road expansion on migration and local off-farm works are developed and estimated using individual data. Estimation results show that road expansion encourages farmers to participate in local off-farm work rather than migrate. In addition, road expansion also has a significant impact on the working time and income of local off-farm work. (China Q/GIGA)