Suchergebnisse

The idea of smart city is an innovative well-developed city that uses information and communication technology to help people manage resources and provide information. Within this concept, Batu City Government provides Among Tani application facility for farmers. The application has been running for 3 years and is expected to help and increase farmers' incomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze education, interests, and farming experience with farmers' perceptions in increasing product sales using Among Tani applications and analyze the relationship between farmers' perceptions with the use of Among Tani applications in increasing sales of agricultural products. The time and location of the study were in December 2019 in the Junrejo Village of Batu City. Census sampling technique was used with the number of members of the Bagus farmer group as many as 60 people. The data analysis tool used was Spearman rank analysis and chi-square analysis. The variables used are education (X1), interests (X2), farming experience (X3), farmer perception (Y1) and Usage (Y2). The results of this study are 1) analysis using the Spearman rank shows that there is a relationship between interests and perceptions while there is no relationship between education with farming experience and 2) analysis using chi square shows there is a significant relationship between farmers' perceptions with the use of Among Tani applications in increasing agriculture product sales. ; The idea of smart city is an innovative well-developed city that uses information and communication technology to help people manage resources and provide information. Within this concept, Batu City Government provides Among Tani application facility for farmers. The application has been running for 3 years and is expected to help and increase farmers' incomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze education, interests, and farming experience with farmers' perceptions in increasing product sales using Among Tani applications and analyze the relationship between farmers' perceptions with the use of Among Tani applications in increasing sales of agricultural products. The time and location of the study were in December 2019 in the Junrejo Village of Batu City. Census sampling technique was used with the number of members of the Bagus farmer group as many as 60 people. The data analysis tool used was Spearman rank analysis and chi-square analysis. The variables used are education (X1), interests (X2), farming experience (X3), farmer perception (Y1) and Usage (Y2). The results of this study are 1) analysis using the Spearman rank shows that there is a relationship between interests and perceptions while there is no relationship between education with farming experience and 2) analysis using chi square shows there is a significant relationship between farmers' perceptions with the use of Among Tani applications in increasing agriculture product sales.

Ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture have been set by both national governments and their respective livestock sectors. We hypothesize that farmer self-identity influences their assessment of climate change and their willingness to implement measures which address the issue. Perceptions of climate change were determined from 286 beef/sheep farmers and evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The analysis elicits two components which evaluate identity (productivism and environmental responsibility), and two components which evaluate behavioral capacity to adopt mitigation and adaptation measures (awareness and risk perception). Subsequent Cluster Analyses reveal four farmer types based on the PCA scores. 'The Productivist' and 'The Countryside Steward' portray low levels of awareness of climate change, but differ in their motivation to adopt pro-environmental behavior. Conversely, both 'The Environmentalist' and 'The Dejected' score higher in their awareness of the issue. In addition, 'The Dejected' holds a high sense of perceived risk; however, their awareness is not conflated with an explicit understanding of agriculturalGHG sources. With the exception of 'The Environmentalist', there is an evident disconnect between perceptions of agricultural emission sources and their contribution towards GHG emissions amongst all types. If such linkages are not conceptualized, it is unlikely that behavioral capacities will be realized. Effective communication channels which encourage action should target farmers based on the groupings depicted. Therefore, understanding farmer types through the constructs used in this study can facilitate effective and tailored policy development and implementation.

The Common Agricultural Policy pays particular attention to the decline of young farmers in the European Union. For this reason, plenty of different policy measures and motives for new entrants in agriculture there have been established. The main objectives of this paper are to investigate the characteristics of new farmers according to their participation in Agricultural Cooperatives and to identify what makes new farmers participate (or not) in Agricultural Cooperatives. Both research questions will advance the knowledge of policy makers and practitioners on new farmers' expectations and perceptions and through them, to come to distinctive conclusions about the measures and the actions needed to promote agricultural cooperatives as a viable solution for new entrants in the agricultural sector. For this reason, a survey was conducted in different regions of Greece (northern, central and southern) during an educational course designed for new farmers. More specifically, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among 250 new farmers participating in the measure 112 'Setting up of young farmers' (Common Agricultural Policy, Pillar II). The results of the survey indicate low trust in the cooperative organization, leading to low rates of active participation and commitment to agricultural cooperatives.

Pakistan's agriculture sector is crucial because it is
responsible for providing food, shelter, and clothing to a massive
population of 180 million people which is growing at a rate of 2 percent
per annum. Land is a valuable asset and a symbol of prestige for the
rural population in Pakistan. According to the recent Pakistan Economic
Survey of 2013- 14, the agriculture sector contributes around 21 percent
to GDP and provides employment for around 45 percent of the work force,
who are primarily based in rural areas. The total geographic area of
Pakistan is approximately 79.6 million hectares. Around 27.7 percent of
Pakistan's land is currently under cultivation and the cultivatable
waste lands offer good possibilities for crop production. The total
cropped area of Pakistan increased from 21.82 million hectares in
1990-91 to 22.72 million hectares in 2010-11 [Agricultural Statistics of
Pakistan (2010-11)] and the total population of Pakistan increased from
118 million to 175 million during the same time period. Similarly the
tenancy status of land management and land ownership pattern has changed
over time. For example, large landowners are shifting their preferences
from managing their land on their own towards leasing or sharecropping
the land to be managed by others [Agricultural Census
(2010)].

To assess farmers' perception and criteria for cassava variety preference prior to the dissemination of improved varieties in Cameroon, field visits were organized at the Mbalmayo research farm of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA ) during the vegetative and harvest periods, and a sensory quality test was conducted in a participatory manner. Parameters recorded were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance procedure (ANO - VA ), resulting in the selection of five varieties for multilocational testing and demonstration. To complement this effort, thirty cassava farmers in Ebolowa, Bertoua, Bamenda, Ngaoundere making a total of one hundred and twenty were interviewed following structured questionnaires, and their fields assessed. Results show that farmers cultivate many varieties of cassava for different uses but prefer early maturing variety (96.7%), high yield (89.2%), and resistant to pests and diseases (88.3%). In addition, there was regional preference. Farmers in Ebolowa and Bertoua preferred leafy, sweet roots and early branching varieties (TMS -92/0326, TMS - 96/0023) while those in Bamenda and Ngaoundere preferred tall, drought tolerant (TMS - 92/0057), fibrous (TMS -96/1414) for gari (roasted cassava granules) and in some cases flowering varieties (M94/0121) for apiculture. Results served as feedback information to research, extension, policy makers and other stakeholders. This constitutes an attractive scheme for deployment of the improved varieties and complements programs of the Cameroonian government for roots and tuber (PNDRT ), with the main objective to increase the productivity of cassava. ; Peer Review

This study is an investigation of alternate markets from the viewpoint of traders and follows the previously published "Consumers' Attitudes towards Weekend, Night & Street Markets", Josef Eul Verlag, Köln - Lohmar 2002. The study examines the current responses of small producers and retailers to a culmination of reactions to changes over the late 20th and early 21st Century to the post war emergence of agglomeration of retailing and standardisation of products. The international trend of globalisation has been matched domestically with the rise of the mega store concept of retailing. Large supermarkets as well as warehouses have their selling policies based on "anytime, everywhere, everything the same", which means their procurement policies are centrally driven; they demand bulk orders from specific price competitive producers and farmers nor do these retail giants acknowledge local peculiarities. This has been detrimental for small producers and retailers, as well as the discerning consumer. It has forced small local traders and producers to search for other methods of distribution. A re-emergence of traditional alternate retailing solutions is seen as the market forces' response to these phenomena. Future trends are analysed through empirical studies of street and farmers' markets in Australia and New Zealand along with giving some thoughts on theories that can explain this phenomenon