Suchergebnisse

Despite massive efforts of suppliers and retailers in the fast‐moving‐consumer‐goods (FMCG) channel to adopt the efficient consumer response (ECR) practices, many of the expected benefits have not been realized. This study examines the history and implementation practices of ECR in the USA and in Germany and presents conceptual models that compare the likely outcomes when ECR‐based category management practices are initiated either by the supplier or by the retailer channel partner. Combining the knowledge gained from a series of interviews with industry experts with their own ECR experiences, it is shown how a strategic competitive advantage can be realized through the combination of both supplier and retailer views and expertise in category management practices. The article concludes with an examination of barriers to implementation of category management plans and suggests ways to overcome these barriers.

Gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter ISBN 978-3-7983-2816-7 (ISSN 1865-3170) ; Die Dissertation setzt an zentralen praktischen Herausforderungen in der schnelldrehenden Konsumgüterindustrie an: Insbesondere an kundennahen Distributionsstufen muss der Nachfrage nach hohen Lieferfrequenzen, einem breiten Sortiment und hoher Verfügbarkeit mit zuverlässigen kurzen Lieferzeiten bei in Teilen schwer prognostizierbarer Nachfrage sowie aus Kosten- und Platzgründen durch innovative Logistikkonzepte begegnet werden. Darüber hinaus steht die Reduzierung des Verkehrsaufkommens für die Nachfrageversorgung nicht nur aus ökonomischen, aber auch aus ökologischen Gründen im Fokus, um kundenorientiert und wettbewerbsfähig agieren zu können. Neben den Zielen Verfügbarkeit, Durchsatzsteigerung und Kostenersparnis stehen daher die Assetauslastung sowie die Nutzung von effizienten Transportkonzepten in Abhängigkeit der Logistikstrategie im Fokus. Insgesamt werden 23 Lösungskonzepte aus sechs Gestaltungsebenen hinsichtlich ihres Beitrages zur Integration von Transport und Logistik aufgezeigt: - Stärkung der unternehmensübergreifenden Kooperationen, um physische und informatorische Schnittstellen zu verbessern. - Schaffung einer prozessorientierten internen Organisation, in der Zieldivergenzen einzelner Teilfunktionen durch ein übergeordnetes Ziel sowie Informationstransparenz aufgehoben werden. - Ausgestaltung von Tarifen und Verträgen mit ausgewählten Logistikdienstleistern im Sinne einer integrierten Transportplanung innerhalb des kooperierenden Netzwerkes. - Einsatz von Technologien, die sowohl als Treiber für die interne und externe Integration als auch als Enabler für dessen Gestaltung betrachtet werden. Dabei stehen die Harmonisierung unterschiedlicher Informationstechnologien sowie integrative IT-Plattformen im Vordergrund. - Förderung der Kunden- und Prozessorientierung der Transportdienstleister, um einerseits den Kundenauftrag durch innovative Ansätze effizienter erfüllen zu können sowie innerhalb des Transportnetzwerkes eine Integration unterschiedlicher Akteure zu fördern. - Schaffung von Schnittstellen zu verkehrspolitischen Entscheidungen, welche in Form von Regularien und Infrastrukturinvestitionen die Rahmenbedingungen für die Gestaltung von Logistik- und Transportnetzwerken bilden. Die Implementierung der Lösungskonzepte unter Berücksichtigung der Umsetzbarkeit und Relevanz für die Praxis wird unter Zuhilfenahme des Prozessreferenzmodells SCOR am Beispiel einer 3-stufigen Distributionsstruktur der Konsumgüterindustrie dargestellt. Die aggregierten Ergebnisse fließen in einen akteursübergreifenden Gestaltungsansatz, dessen Anwendung in einer Effizienzsteigerung logistischer Aktivitäten in der schnelldrehenden Konsumgüterindustrie durch verbessertes Transportmanagement resultiert sowie durch die Systematisierung der Lösungsansätze einen neuartigen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag leistet. ; The dissertation is based on practical challenges in the fast moving consumer goods industry: Especially customer-oriented distribution levels show a massive demand for high delivery frequencies and high availability of a wide range of products which results in an increased need for innovative logistics concepts. A total of 23 solutions from six design levels are presented in terms of their contribution to the integration of transport and logistics. These include strengthening inter-enterprise cooperation, creating a process-oriented internal organization, design of contracts within integrated transport planning, the use of technology, the promotion of customer and process orientation of transport service providers and the creation of interfaces to governmental policy making. The implementation of the solutions is taking into account the feasibility and practical relevance and is illustrated with the aid of the SCOR process reference model. The aggregated results are integrated into a cross-stakeholder frame work, which application leads to an increase in efficiency of logistics activities and provides a systematization of solutions as a novel scientific contribution.

This thesis covers (i) the application of the flagship store in the fast-moving consumer goods industry as a communication tool, (ii) the inclusion of future brand-directed consumer behavior (i.e., future brand loyalty, word-of-mouth advertising, standard and special product sales in the flagship store), (iii) the inclusion of moderators that affect brand experience creation or dilution (i.e., number of prior visits, visit intentionality, pre-existing brand loyalty), (iv) the effect of in-store attractions on brand experience creation or dilution (i.e., augmented brand display, interactive ...

This thesis covers (i) the application of the flagship store in the fast-moving consumer goods industry as a communication tool, (ii) the inclusion of future brand-directed consumer behavior (i.e., future brand loyalty, word-of-mouth advertising, standard and special product sales in the flagship store), (iii) the inclusion of moderators that affect brand experience creation or dilution (i.e., number of prior visits, visit intentionality, pre-existing brand loyalty), (iv) the effect of in-store attractions on brand experience creation or dilution (i.e., augmented brand display, interactive ...

Enterprise Resources Planning Systems (ERP) are implemented in organizations to optimize the supply chain to improve the overall performance. Yet, it is observed that many organizations have not achieved the desired level of performance through this strategic move. Literature suggest that the implementation barriers can be a main reason for this. Hence the problem centered in this study is to identify the success factors and challenges of ERP systems implementation in the FMCG industry in Sri Lanka. This study uses the case study approach for four companies in the FMCG industry. Focus group interviews were used to gather data and the participants of the focus group interviews were key users who had an important role during the implementation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by an experienced interviewer using an interview guide with semi-structured questions.Success factors included the technological know-how, high management commitment, lesser government regulations, and experience of the process re-engineering. Challenges included investment in resources, information management, changing the organization culture to the best practices of the system, lack of the user training and limitation of the proper consultancy services. Findings of the study can be used as a framework to understand the ERP implementation success factors and the potential challenges faced by organizations in the FMCG industry.

In this paper, the authors explored the use of e-procurement in Zimbabwe's fast moving consumer goods industry. There are several studies that have been done in developed economies regarding e-procurement in retail sector. However, the literature was scanty on issues of e-procurement cost saving in the fast moving consumer goods industry in developing countries. It is against this background, that we sought to close the gap in the literature on the use of internet in Zimbabwe's fast moving consumer goods industry. We utilized an economic order quantity (EOQ) theoretical framework to demonstrate that an adoption of e-procurement could save cost in Zimbabwe's fast moving consumer goods industry. We carried out a survey of firms in the fast moving consumer industries in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 56 respondents from DCK, OK Zimbabwe and Spar retailers, chosen using simple probability sampling method in the course of January 2014 to March 2015. We examined e-procurement operations of these retailers located in selected major towns of Zimbabwe. The hypothesis tested was that e-procurement does not exist in Zimbabwe's retail sector. The results indicate little e-procurement use in Zimbabwe's retail fast moving consumer sector. It was expected that these results should shed light to policy makers in the private sector and government and thereby encourage them to embark on policies that enhance e-procurement in the fast moving consumer goods industries. Subsequently, we conclude that the adoption of e-procurement should lower administrative ordering cost and thereby improving the profit margins of firms in the retail sector. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4p122

Die Prozessorientierung des Pricings rückte in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion; ferner wurden auch in Unternehmen verstärkt die Pricing-Prozesse überprüft. Im Mittelpunkt steht vielfach nicht mehr die klassische Preisoptimierung, sondern eine ganzheitliche, prozessorientierte Betrachtung des Pricings - beginnend mit einem professionellen Pricing Research über die Entwicklung und Formulierung einer angemessenen Pricing-Strategie sowie deren Umsetzung im Unternehmen bis hin zu einem ansystematischen Preis-Controlling. Dieser Ansatz ist in einigen Branchen bereits weiter verbreitet und ermöglicht in manchen Unternehmen erhebliche Renditesteigerungen. Gegenstand dieses Forschungsberichtes sind Pricing-Prozesse bei Herstellern von Fast Moving Consumer Goods. Unternehmen dieser Branche sehen sich einer schwierigen Umfeldsituation gegenüber, welche ein professionelles Preismanagement erforderlich macht. Vor allem die Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Handel, der intensive Wettbewerb der Hersteller untereinander sowie die internationale Tätigkeit der meisten FMCG Hersteller sind Ursachen eines erheblichen Handlungsbedarfs im Pricing. Aber wie hoch sind der Stellenwert und die Professionalität der Pricing Prozesse tatsächlich in der Praxis der FMCG Hersteller? Und in welchen Bereichen sind unter Umständen Defizite zu erkennen? Im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung wurden diese Fragestellungen umfassend untersucht. Um hier zu Aussagen kommen zu können, wurde eine Studie von RIEKHOF/LOHAUS speziell für Hersteller von FMCGs ausgewertet. Zusätzlich konnten wir durch Experteninterviews und eine internationalen Befragung der Tochtergesellschaften eines FMCG Herstellers ein detaillierteres Bild über die Pricing Prozesse und deren Relevanz in der Praxis gewinnen. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben, dass die Bedeutung des Themas zwar durchaus erkannt wird, jedoch nach wie vor Optimierungspotenzial besteht. ; Price management is of extreme importance for manufacturers - not only in times of a difficult economic environment. For Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies, it is even inalienable. Especially the interaction with retailers, the intense competition as well as the international activity of most FMCG companies cause a strong need for action. However, researchers as well as practitioners do not focus on the classical price optimization anymore. In fact, the process orientation of pricing has come into focus. In this research paper, a holistic, process oriented consideration of pricing - starting with professional pricing research, elaboration and formulation of an appropriate pricing strategy and the subsequent implementation as well as the process of price controlling - is presented. But what is the real significance of pricing in the practice of FMCG companies? And how professional are the related processes? In which areas are possible deficits? Through an empirical study, we examined these questions. In order to get appropriate results, we also used a study of Riekhof/Lohaus which was analyzed especially with regard to FMCG companies. Furthermore, we have enhanced our understanding of pricing processes of FMCG companies thanks to expert interviews and an international survey of affiliates which we did with one big company in the FMCG field. The successful execution of the pricing process approach with extensive profit increases in practical business environments shows the potential it has for corporations. However, our examination finds that there is still room for improvement despite the fact that pricing's importance is recognized by managers.

Fast-moving consumer goods are omnipresent and part of our daily life. But research into their price building process and the influence of different factors on this process is a relatively newly discovered field of study. Only since panel data is accessible to researchers, quantitative investigations into possible patterns and regularities concerning behaviour of consumers regarding price changes are possible and meaningful. Within this thesis, ways of increasing prices of FMCGs and factors which can possibly positively influence these price increases are discussed and empirically examined. Approximately 15,000 observations of FMCGs from GfK and Kantar are taken into account in this quantitative study. Simple linear regression and mean comparison are used to analyse and interpret the occurrence of certain impacts on two direct relationships. First, price change on a change in market share and second, price change on a change in relative penetration. Analysis of both direct relationships provide indication for a negative relationship. Additional moderation analysis reveals that share of wallet, category purchase frequency, brand market share, assortment size and pack size all have a significant influence on the size of the formerly mentioned direct negative relationship of price change and market share change or change in relative penetration. Therefore, they possibly support the successfulness of a price increase implementation. These findings are discussed within literature and an empirical study and theoretical and managerial implications are derived. Concluding with the indication that there are factors which can influence the successful implementation of price increases. ; submitted by Frank Sutterlüty ; Universität Innsbruck, Masterarbeit, 2018 ; (VLID)2566240

South African Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in terms of stimulating the national economy. Despite the aforementioned, prior research shows that the failure rate of these entities is amongst one of the highest in the world, which is believed to be caused by economic factors. Several economic factors which impact on SMME sustainability have subsequently been researched and identified. As a result, SMME sustainability has received attention from the national government in recent times. One of economic factors which have been perceived by the authors as a major contributor to the high SMME failure rate is the lack of internal controls. Ultimately the responsibilities to both implement internal control frameworks and maintain all internal controls, rests with the management of an organisation. In essence, it can be said that a business is uncontrollable when it is essentially unmanageable. With the absence of adequate internal controls, an environment is created where an organisation is susceptible to all kinds of detrimental risks and, if these risks are not taken care of on time, the overall sustainability of the organisation could be negatively affected, which may lead in imminent failure. The main objective of this study was to determine the degree to which the implementation of an adequate system of internal control can help improve SMME sustainability. The research that was conducted was empirical in nature and fell within the ambit of the positivistic research paradigm. Questionnaires were administered and distributed to 110 owners and/or managers of SMMEs (SMME leaders) that operate within the fast moving consumer goods industry, situated in the Cape Peninsula. Based on the findings, it is obvious that most of the SMMEs do have a variety of internal controls, as prescribed by formal internal control frameworks but their support in terms of SMMEs sustainability were quite limited.

Article ; The concept of small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) was created and implemented by the South African Government in an attempt to improve the economy of South Africa, reducing the unemployment rate and eliminating poverty. In recent years however, the sustainability of theses entities are at an all time low, as popular literature reveals that fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) retail SMMEs make ineffective use of their accounting resources, resulting in critical decisions business decisions being made, without understanding and correctly interpreting their financial performance and positions respectively. As a result, it is perceived that these SMMEs make ineffective use of their financial performance measures. The key objective of this paper is to establish what financial performance measures sourced from accounting resources are regarded as being critical for the sustainability of FMCG retail SMMEs during the current dispensation of an economic depression in South Africa.