Suchergebnisse

The updated methodology of rationale of the efficient combat composition of the National Guard of Ukraine task force to localize a zone of non-international armed conflict, which, unlike the known ones, includes a more in-depth assessment of the opposing party, for which it uses a broader list of input and operational data, such as operational environment analysis, typology of conflict, intensity of conflict, etc., also synthesizes known methodological approaches and develops specific directions to rationale the efficient combat composition of task forces. Thus, for determining a mode of the possible use of illegal armed formations, as well as the appropriate mode and method of use of the Guard task force, in addition to the commonly used hierarchy method, a quantitative method of SWOT analysis was applied, which, among others, allows to take into account non-military factors affecting the mode of application of the government forces. A modified method of hierarchy analysis was used to determine the weight of the influence of major external and internal factors influencing the tasks of localization of a non-international armed conflict by the Guard task force in cooperation with other military formations and law enforcement agencies. The systematic analysis method allows determining the proportion, the list of tasks at the different levels and the role of the interacting troops, forces and bodies. By combining methods of experiment planning, hierarchy analysis and taxonomy was made the choice of the best variant of the combat composition of the task force service and сombat module comparing with the standard one out from the possible alternatives. The rational combat composition of the Guard task force is considered as aт aggregate of the corresponding functional eshelons made of rational service and сombat modules. Thus, the use of appropriate methods and their combinations at various stages to gradually reduce uncertainty allows determining and rationale the efficient combat composition of the National Guard task force to localize a non-international armed conflict. ; Надано вдосконалену методику обґрунтування раціонального бойового складу угруповання Національної гвардії України, створюваного для локалізації району збройного конфлікту неміжнародного характеру. Методика дозволяє врахувати вагу основних груп факторів, що впливають на виконання завдань в умовах такого типу конфлікту, визначати часткову участь гвардії в міжвідомчому угрупованні військ (сил), форми і способи застосування протидіючих сторін, перелік й обсяг завдань і, зрештою, шляхом вибору кращого варіанта з множини альтернатив розрахункових одиниць обґрунтувати раціональний бойовий склад угруповання гвардії для застосування за прогнозованим сценарієм.

The updated methodology of rationale of the efficient combat composition of the National Guard of Ukraine task force to localize a zone of non-international armed conflict, which, unlike the known ones, includes a more in-depth assessment of the opposing party, for which it uses a broader list of input and operational data, such as operational environment analysis, typology of conflict, intensity of conflict, etc., also synthesizes known methodological approaches and develops specific directions to rationale the efficient combat composition of task forces. Thus, for determining a mode of the possible use of illegal armed formations, as well as the appropriate mode and method of use of the Guard task force, in addition to the commonly used hierarchy method, a quantitative method of SWOT analysis was applied, which, among others, allows to take into account non-military factors affecting the mode of application of the government forces. A modified method of hierarchy analysis was used to determine the weight of the influence of major external and internal factors influencing the tasks of localization of a non-international armed conflict by the Guard task force in cooperation with other military formations and law enforcement agencies. The systematic analysis method allows determining the proportion, the list of tasks at the different levels and the role of the interacting troops, forces and bodies. By combining methods of experiment planning, hierarchy analysis and taxonomy was made the choice of the best variant of the combat composition of the task force service and сombat module comparing with the standard one out from the possible alternatives. The rational combat composition of the Guard task force is considered as aт aggregate of the corresponding functional eshelons made of rational service and сombat modules. Thus, the use of appropriate methods and their combinations at various stages to gradually reduce uncertainty allows determining and rationale the efficient combat composition of the National Guard task force to localize a non-international armed conflict. ; Надано вдосконалену методику обґрунтування раціонального бойового складу угруповання Національної гвардії України, створюваного для локалізації району збройного конфлікту неміжнародного характеру. Методика дозволяє врахувати вагу основних груп факторів, що впливають на виконання завдань в умовах такого типу конфлікту, визначати часткову участь гвардії в міжвідомчому угрупованні військ (сил), форми і способи застосування протидіючих сторін, перелік й обсяг завдань і, зрештою, шляхом вибору кращого варіанта з множини альтернатив розрахункових одиниць обґрунтувати раціональний бойовий склад угруповання гвардії для застосування за прогнозованим сценарієм.

A review of the status of ensuring the rights of the individual during pre-trial investigations of criminal offences under foreign law has been carried out. It has been specified, that successful implementation of the model of the criminal offences optimum for Ukraine is possible on condition of detailed study of the foreign experience of functioning of this institution. An analysis was made of legislation and its application in the area of human rights during pre-trial investigations of minor criminal offences in countries with an Anglo-Saxon legal system. Attention was drawn to the fact that they differentiate between general and minor offences under the criminal law system. For minor offences, the so-called summary procedure is used. The main criterion for allocating proceedings for consideration by a court in summary proceedings is the degree of criminal risk of offences. It has been noted, that pre-trial investigations of minor offences in the United States follow the general procedure whereby an officer of the investigating authority makes an application for a warrant for the arrest of a person or for the search of the premises occupied by him/her, if there are grounds for doing so. The said statement is subject to verification and confirmation in the manner, on which the court may issue a warrant of arrest or search, which is in fact an indictment record of the commencement of official proceedings. Attention is drawn to the fact that, in cases, involving minor offences, arrest is generally not carried out - the accused is usually served with a summons to appear in court. Emphasised on the positive experience of England in the sphere of ensuring the rights of the individual in the proceedings of «non-arrest crime» by establishing in the law the grounds for detention of a person by the police without the order of a judge.

Стаття присвячена актуальній на сьогодні темі міжнародних механізмів захисту права на життя під час міжнародного та неміжнародного збройних конфліктів.Збільшення кількості збройних конфліктів у світі, а з ними й порушень права на життя, зумовлює необхідність узагальнення теорії і практики міжнародних органів, які сприяють та забезпечують захист фундаментального права на життя людини. Саме тому в статті розкриваються, порівнюються й узагальнюються нормативні, теоретичні і практичні інструменти в межах міжнародних механізмів захисту права на життя в умовах воєнних протистоянь. ; The article is devoted to the actual topic of international mechanisms for the protection of the right to life in international and non-international armed conflicts.The increase in the number of armed conflicts in the world and, with them, violations of the right to life of the people, necessitates a generalization of the normative theory and practice of international bodies that promote and protect the fundamental right to life. That is why the article reveals, compares and generalizes the normative, theoretical and practical tools within the international mechanisms of protecting the right to life in conditions of military confrontation.The regulatory framework of the article is based on the IHL, in particular: the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols thereto, the Hague Conventions (1907), customary norms, etc., as well as international human rights instruments, in particular: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and the two Optional Protocols thereto, and regional acts: the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981), the Arab Charter on Human Rights (2008), etc.The most problematic issues in the article that arise during armed conflicts and which relate to the lawful use of force against warriors, the lawfulness of the deaths of civilians during an attack on military purposes (collateral damage), precautionary measures, which must be taken by States using lethal force, the obligation of States to investigate every death case, etc. will be considered in the light of the activities of the UN Human Rights Committee, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights, whose practice in this area is represented the most versatile, widely and thoroughly. ; Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодня теме международных механизмов защиты права на жизнь во время международного и немеждународного вооруженных конфликтов.Увеличение количества вооруженных конфликтов в мире, а с ними и нарушений права на жизнь людей, вызывает необходимость обобщения нормативной теории и практики международных организаций/органов, способствующих и обеспечивающих защиту фундаментального права на жизнь человека. Именно поэтому в статье раскрываются, сравниваются и обобщаются нормативные, теоретические и практические инструменты в рамках международных механизмов защиты права на жизнь в условиях военных противостояний.

The article is devoted to the actual topic of international mechanisms for the protection of the right to life in international and non-international armed conflicts.The increase in the number of armed conflicts in the world and, with them, violations of the right to life of the people, necessitates a generalization of the normative theory and practice of international bodies that promote and protect the fundamental right to life. That is why the article reveals, compares and generalizes the normative, theoretical and practical tools within the international mechanisms of protecting the right to life in conditions of military confrontation.The regulatory framework of the article is based on the IHL, in particular: the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols thereto, the Hague Conventions (1907), customary norms, etc., as well as international human rights instruments, in particular: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and the two Optional Protocols thereto, and regional acts: the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981), the Arab Charter on Human Rights (2008), etc.The most problematic issues in the article that arise during armed conflicts and which relate to the lawful use of force against warriors, the lawfulness of the deaths of civilians during an attack on military purposes (collateral damage), precautionary measures, which must be taken by States using lethal force, the obligation of States to investigate every death case, etc. will be considered in the light of the activities of the UN Human Rights Committee, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights, whose practice in this area is represented the most versatile, widely and thoroughly. ; Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодня теме международных механизмов защиты права на жизнь во время международного и немеждународного вооруженных конфликтов.Увеличение количества вооруженных конфликтов в мире, а с ними и нарушений права на жизнь людей, вызывает необходимость обобщения нормативной теории и практики международных организаций/органов, способствующих и обеспечивающих защиту фундаментального права на жизнь человека. Именно поэтому в статье раскрываются, сравниваются и обобщаются нормативные, теоретические и практические инструменты в рамках международных механизмов защиты права на жизнь в условиях военных противостояний. ; Стаття присвячена актуальній на сьогодні темі міжнародних механізмів захисту права на життя під час міжнародного та неміжнародного збройних конфліктів.Збільшення кількості збройних конфліктів у світі, а з ними й порушень права на життя, зумовлює необхідність узагальнення теорії і практики міжнародних органів, які сприяють та забезпечують захист фундаментального права на життя людини. Саме тому в статті розкриваються, порівнюються й узагальнюються нормативні, теоретичні і практичні інструменти в межах міжнародних механізмів захисту права на життя в умовах воєнних протистоянь.

On the basis of current legislation analysis and regarding the character of National Guard of Ukraine tasks has been substantiated the role of emergency response mobile regiment (brigade) in localization and liquidation of an internal armed conflict. ; На основі аналізу чинного законодавства та з урахуванням характеру виконуваних Національною гвардією України завдань обґрунтовано роль полку (бригади) оперативного призначення у локалізації та ліквідації збройного конфлікту всередині держави.

On the basis of current legislation analysis and regarding the character of National Guard of Ukraine tasks has been substantiated the role of emergency response mobile regiment (brigade) in localization and liquidation of an internal armed conflict. ; На основі аналізу чинного законодавства та з урахуванням характеру виконуваних Національною гвардією України завдань обґрунтовано роль полку (бригади) оперативного призначення у локалізації та ліквідації збройного конфлікту всередині держави.

The phenomenon of combat transfer into large cities in modern armed conflicts is examined in this Article. The first part of the Article is devoted to their military component. The mixed classification of populated locations applied with elements of Post-Soviet and Anglo-Saxon military science is introduced. Military purposes for transfer of armed actions into a large cities as well as a wide spread forms of such actions are considered. ; Исследуется феномен перенесения боевых действий в большие города в современных вооруженных конфликтах. Первая часть статьи посвящена военной составляющей. Предложена смешанная классификация населенных пунктов с использованием элементов постсоветской и англосаксонской военной мысли. Рассматриваются военные причины перенесения боевых действий в большие города и распространенные формы таких боевых действий. ; Досліджується феномен перенесення бойових дій до великих міст у сучасних збройних конфліктах. Перша частина статті присвячена військовій складовій. Запропонована змішана класифікація населених пунктів з використанням елементів пострадянської та англосаксонської військової думки. Розглядаються військові причини перенесення бойових дій до великих міст та поширені форми таких бойових дій.

The principles of law belong to one of the fundamental concepts of law which has been studied by human thought for a long time. As fundamental principles, the principles of law find their legislative presentation in the world legal systems, and researchers investigate the principles of law in various directions. The goal of law and its principles is to serve society. The financial science and the tax law science turn to the clarification of this concept trying to find out the role of principles and their impact on the development of a fair, efficient, optimal tax system, taking into account that in today's society the taxing is one of the most significant financial sources to meet the public needs of society. The principles of law are classifiable according to numerous general and sectoral criteria. The general principles are justice, equality, freedom, humanism, etc., which must determine the nature of sectoral principles, i.e. fiscal sufficiency, social justice (solvency), and others. Classification of tax principles is intended to contribute to compliance with the rights of taxpayers, to create a balance of taxpayers' interests with the interests of the state, in which these taxpayers have the object of taxation and to which they pay taxes. The legislative activity of the state regarding the establishment and collection of taxes should take into account the principles of law. Solving problematic issues of ideological and methodological understanding of the principles of law, including the principles of the taxation sphere, is the task for both lawmaking and for the practical application of these principles in the practice of tax authorities, taxpayers, and courts. This article addresses all these problems.Article received 17.05.2018 ; Проаналізовано різні підходи до визначення принципів права, критерії їх класифікації. Принципи оподаткування охарактеризовано як системне поняття, що складається з таких принципів: податку, податкової системи, податкового законодавства, податкового права. Наголошено, що принципи, пов'язані з оподаткуванням, є взаємообумовленими, взаємозалежними; система цих принципів має бути спрямована на розбудову справедливої, ефективної, оптимальної податкової системи із врахуванням такого аспекту, як захист прав та інтересів платників податків. Зосереджено увагу на законодавчому закріпленні та практично-прикладному використанні принципів.Матеріал надійшов 17.05.2018

The principles of law belong to one of the fundamental concepts of law which has been studied by human thought for a long time. As fundamental principles, the principles of law find their legislative presentation in the world legal systems, and researchers investigate the principles of law in various directions. The goal of law and its principles is to serve society. The financial science and the tax law science turn to the clarification of this concept trying to find out the role of principles and their impact on the development of a fair, efficient, optimal tax system, taking into account that in today's society the taxing is one of the most significant financial sources to meet the public needs of society. The principles of law are classifiable according to numerous general and sectoral criteria. The general principles are justice, equality, freedom, humanism, etc., which must determine the nature of sectoral principles, i.e. fiscal sufficiency, social justice (solvency), and others. Classification of tax principles is intended to contribute to compliance with the rights of taxpayers, to create a balance of taxpayers' interests with the interests of the state, in which these taxpayers have the object of taxation and to which they pay taxes. The legislative activity of the state regarding the establishment and collection of taxes should take into account the principles of law. Solving problematic issues of ideological and methodological understanding of the principles of law, including the principles of the taxation sphere, is the task for both lawmaking and for the practical application of these principles in the practice of tax authorities, taxpayers, and courts. This article addresses all these problems.Article received 17.05.2018 ; Проаналізовано різні підходи до визначення принципів права, критерії їх класифікації. Принципи оподаткування охарактеризовано як системне поняття, що складається з таких принципів: податку, податкової системи, податкового законодавства, податкового права. Наголошено, що принципи, пов'язані з оподаткуванням, є взаємообумовленими, взаємозалежними; система цих принципів має бути спрямована на розбудову справедливої, ефективної, оптимальної податкової системи із врахуванням такого аспекту, як захист прав та інтересів платників податків. Зосереджено увагу на законодавчому закріпленні та практично-прикладному використанні принципів.Матеріал надійшов 17.05.2018

The principles of law belong to one of the fundamental concepts of law which has been studied by human thought for a long time. As fundamental principles, the principles of law find their legislative presentation in the world legal systems, and researchers investigate the principles of law in various directions. The goal of law and its principles is to serve society. The financial science and the tax law science turn to the clarification of this concept trying to find out the role of principles and their impact on the development of a fair, efficient, optimal tax system, taking into account that in today's society the taxing is one of the most significant financial sources to meet the public needs of society. The principles of law are classifiable according to numerous general and sectoral criteria. The general principles are justice, equality, freedom, humanism, etc., which must determine the nature of sectoral principles, i.e. fiscal sufficiency, social justice (solvency), and others. Classification of tax principles is intended to contribute to compliance with the rights of taxpayers, to create a balance of taxpayers' interests with the interests of the state, in which these taxpayers have the object of taxation and to which they pay taxes. The legislative activity of the state regarding the establishment and collection of taxes should take into account the principles of law. Solving problematic issues of ideological and methodological understanding of the principles of law, including the principles of the taxation sphere, is the task for both lawmaking and for the practical application of these principles in the practice of tax authorities, taxpayers, and courts. This article addresses all these problems.Article received 17.05.2018 ; Проаналізовано різні підходи до визначення принципів права, критерії їх класифікації. Принципи оподаткування охарактеризовано як системне поняття, що складається з таких принципів: податку, податкової системи, податкового законодавства, податкового права. Наголошено, що принципи, пов'язані з оподаткуванням, є взаємообумовленими, взаємозалежними; система цих принципів має бути спрямована на розбудову справедливої, ефективної, оптимальної податкової системи із врахуванням такого аспекту, як захист прав та інтересів платників податків. Зосереджено увагу на законодавчому закріпленні та практично-прикладному використанні принципів.Матеріал надійшов 17.05.2018

Considering Ukraine's focus on increasing the state's defence potential, the state of military discipline in recent years has become important for independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, both due to aggression of a foreign enemy as an external factor and given the increase in the number of people having the status of military servicemen as an internal factor. At the same time, due to the obsolescence and imperfection of provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences, including in terms of settlement of the issue of transformation of general responsibility of servicemen into special (administrative into disciplinary) responsibility, it is extremely difficult for courts to decide on the consideration procedure of administrative offence cases involving special subjects — military servicemen, conscriptees, and reservists during the meeting, which leads to the pluralism of judicial practice in this matter and has a negative impact on its unity and the general attitude of the population to the authority of military service. The article analyzes the practical issues that arise when judges of district, city district, municipal, or municipal district courts apply the provisions of Article 15 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences. In particular, the positions of judges on the stage of court proceedings at which materials on administrative offences have to be transferred to the body authorized to bring to disciplinary responsibility have been studied. The Disciplinary Regulations of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been analyzed for the procedure for consideration of administrative offences materials. The ways to handle issues of concern have been suggested together with conclusions on expediency of their implementation.

The features of the relations development between the Defense Ministry (DM) of Ukraine and representatives of the defense industry in matters of technical equipping of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and ensuring the stages of the life cycle of armament and military equipment are considered in article. A comprehensive analysis of reforms during the independence of Ukraine, changes in the regulatory base has permitted to identify three stages in the establishment of relations between the DM of Ukraine and defense products producers. Each of the stages has characteristic features and peculiarities of transformations in the transition fromstate forms of government to contractual relations to ensure the processes of technical equipping of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The factor analysis was carried out according to such established qualitative indicators as the state of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the state of the defense-industrial complex, the state of interaction, management of relations, the state of legal regulation by stages. The carried out researches have permitted to form a modern model of its interaction, to study its parameters and characteristics, stages of implementation, to identify the positive aspects and negative factors that affect on effectiveness of relations.Based on the results of the generalization, it was established that the interaction of the DM of Ukraine as a state customer with other participants in the process of technical equipping is implemented through the mechanism of public procurement and does not allow attracting investments to perform work and provide services for the development and maintenance of armament and military equipment. The presence of the identifi ed shortcomings encourages the search, research and implementation of new ways for the development of interaction between the DM of Ukraine and other participants in order to ensure the necessary level of technical equipping in the existing conditions. ; У статті викладені основні результати комплексного аналізу розвитку відносин Міністерства оборони України з представниками оборонної промисловості, результати якого дозволили виявити основні характерні риси та процеси, які відбувались на етапах вітчизняних перетворень при переході від державних форм управління процесами технічного оснащення Збройних Сил України до контрактних відносин.Проведений факторний аналіз дозволив сформовати сучасну модель їх взаємодії, вивчити її параметри і характеристики, виявити негативні фактори, що потребують врегулювання.

The paper examines the approaches to the interpretation of control measures for compliance with labor legislation, to determine its relationship with the concept of "form of control". This analysis of current legislation identifies control measures that are relevant and applicable to the subjects of labor relations. No less important is the established content and essence of each of the above measures to monitor compliance with labor legislation. This, in turn, helps to formulate the features of each measure of control over compliance with labor legislation, which will emphasize its autonomy and independence in application. ; У роботі досліджено підходи до трактування заходів контролю за дотриманням трудового законодавства, визначити його співвідношення із поняттям «форми контролю». Наведений аналіз чинного законодавства виділяє заходи контролю, що є актуальними та застосовуються до суб'єктів трудових відносин. Не менш важливим, є встановлений зміст та сутності кожного із наведених заходів контролю за дотриманням трудового законодавства. Це, у свою чергу, допомагає сформулювати особливості кожного заходу контролю за дотриманням трудового законодавства, які підкреслюватимуть його самостійність та незалежність у застосуванні.

The paper is devoted to the topic of practice of consideration of cases which are connected with conflicts between Russian military people of the Nizhyn garrison and Nizhyn Cossacks and burghers by the voivode, the magistrate and the regimental office. The author concludes that the case was considered by the authorities to which the accused or the defendant was accused, and the authorities to which the plaintiffs or victims were accused sent their representatives to the court.