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This essay traces an aesthetic genealogy of feminist breathing since the 1970s. Deviating from declension narratives that locate in that decade the end of breathing as a means of feminist socialization and politicization, this essay argues that indigenous and black feminisms have continuously relied on respiratory rituals as tactics or strategies for living through the foreclosure of political presents and futures. Case studies on Linda Hogan's ceremonial poetry and Toni Cade Bambara's fiction on healing expose the tensions that have animated a feminist breathing premised on the management of vulnerabilities: first, the enmeshment of vitality and risk and, second, the destabilization of the wholeness or wellness afforded by rituals. As felt theory or embodied critique, feminist breathing ultimately reveals an impulse to repair the conditions from which it emerges.

This book is about feminism, its critics, and its possible directions for change. The nine chapters raise questions about theories of sexual difference, power, justice and history. A central theme concerns the prospects for combining feminist with other, non-feminist, political perspectives.

Featuring the biographies of leading feminists of the era - Emily Davies, Frances Power Cobbe, Josephine Butler and Millicent Garrett Fawcett - this study explores feminist ideas and strategies of the late 19th century, analyzing the tensions which arose as feminism sought to achieve its aims

Marxist economics are evaluated from a feminist perspective to uncover their phallocentric bases, & feminist transvaluations of Marxian political economy are suggested. It is argued that Marx's grounding of value in the notion of species-being is phallocentric because it universalizes human existence, tranforming a historically contingent possibility into a gendered, essentialist possibility. A distinction is made between closed (phallocentric) economies & open economies (economies of excess), which challenge the rationality that underlies the modern foundationalist project. The development of the concept of open economies, beginning with Friedrich Nietzsche, is outlined. Open economies incorporate notions of plenitude & scarcity in discussions on the production & allocation of resources, & include energies, values, & meanings as types of resources. 34 References. J. Ferrari

joan wallach scott is Harold F. Linder Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study. Her most recent book is Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (Harvard University Press, 1996). She is writing a book about the French mouvement pour la parité, the successful campaign during the 1990s to pass a law requiring equal numbers of men and women as candidates for elected office.