The success or failure of a culture is strongly influenced by a set of cultural traits, the values and principles it creates, rather than by physical or other conditions in the external environment. In the specific literature in the field, there are several models that define the main factors that determine and lead to the construction of a culture, thus determining the differences that distinguish them in the world. One of the most widespread models is that of Geert Hofstede, who based one of the most extensive studies of cultural morphology on the cultural differences that characterize a country or a group of people. The article seeks to highlight the main components of the organizational culture of a national military college. The analysis of the educational environment in the military college from the perspective of Geert Hofstede's four dimensions is a test of awareness of the profile produced by an organization providing education with a specific vocational profile, military, in the field of under-graduate education
This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the R&D project "Clase social y crisis economica/sanitaria: Consecuencias interpersonales y sociopoliticas" [PID2020-114464RB-I00 (MINECO/AEI/FEDER/UE)], and by the Vice-Rectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada for the Young Researchers Precompetitive Project "Leadership in times of crisis: Analysis of leadership profiles and their perceived usefulness in the resolution of psychosocial conflicts (ref: PPJIB2018-22)." ; Nowadays, to the detriment of democratic leaders, the emergence of authoritarian leaders has drastically modified the political sphere. This project aims to shed light on this issue by analysing how the perceived effectiveness of democratic and authoritarian political leaders are shaped by the common dimensions of social perception, such as competence/warmth, masculinity/femininity, and human uniqueness/human nature. Accordingly, three experimental studies were conducted. In Study 1 (n = 1001), we revealed that democratic leaders are perceived as more competent, warm, feminine and human. In Study 2 (n = 548) and Study 3 (n = 622), we investigated whether these dimensions of perception mediated the relationship between leaders and their perceived effectiveness. The results revealed that democratic leaders are perceived as effective in cooperative scenarios due to their competence, femininity, and human nature. Alternatively, democratic leaders are preferred in ambiguous contexts due to their competence and cognitive flexibility, that is, human nature. In contrast, authoritarian leaders are perceived as effective in competitive scenarios because of their masculinity. In Study 3, we manipulated the (in)stability of socio-economic contexts. The results revealed that democratic and authoritarian leaders are perceived as more competent, warm, human and more effective in socio-economic contexts that are stable compared with those that are unstable. The implications of the results regarding the emergence of authoritarian leaders are discussed. ; Spanish Government PID2020-114464RB-I00 ; Vice-Rectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada PPJIB2018-22
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Frage nach den sozialen Praxen und gesellschaftlichen Bedeutungen von Schönheit bei den Karo Batak in Sumatra, Indonesien. In Tanah Karo, einer agrarisch geprägten Hochebene, säumen Aerobic- Studios und Schönheitssalon die Straßen der zwei Kleinstädte Berastagi und Kabanjahe. Weibliche Schönheit in Form von Femininität gilt als modern. Moderne Weiblichkeit, die ihren Ausdruck in einem schönen Körper findet, wird durch ein komplexes Bündel von Diskursen und Praxen lokaler, nationaler und globaler Provenienz konstituiert. Ausgehend vom Körper, der als die vermittelnde Instanz zwischen Diskursen und Praxen verstanden wird, analysiert die Verfasserin die Komplexität des Themas Schönheit und Modernität aus Perspektive der Akteurinnen. Welche Ziele verfolgen sie mit der strategischen Aneignung des Ideals der modernen Weiblichkeit? Wie strukturieren soziale Positionen die jeweiligen Aneignungsprozesse? Die Verfasserin zeigt, wie die zunehmende Bedeutung von Schönheit mit Transformationen im Bereich der Geschlechterverhältnisse, des Konsums und der sozialen Differenzierung verknüpft ist. Moderne Weiblichkeit konstituiert sich an der Schnittstelle ästhetischer, aber vor allem auch sozialer, ökonomischer, kultureller, religiöser und moralischer Diskurse. Das zentrale Motiv der Akteurinnen für die Aneignung von als modern erachteten Schönheitsidealen stellt die Erweiterung der eigenen Handlungsfähigkeit in der patrilinearen Gesellschaft der Karo Batak dar. Die jeweiligen sozialen Positionen führen zu unterschiedlichen Formen der Aneignung, die in verschiedenen Formen moderner Weiblichkeit resultieren. Am Beispiel von Frauen der städtischen Mittelschicht, jungen Frauen vom Land und waria, Menschen mit weiblicher transgender-Identität, werden diese Aneignungsprozesse und ihre gesellschaftlichen Bedeutungen vergleichend diskutiert. Die Globalisierung von Schönheit, so lässt sich resümieren, bringt – selbst auf begrenzter lokaler Ebene – verschiedene moderne Weiblichkeiten hervor. - Karya ini dikhususkan untuk pertanyaan tentang praktik sosial dan makna sosial keindahan di antara Batak Karo di Sumatra, Indonesia. Di Tanah Karo, dataran tinggi pertanian, studio aerobik, dan salon kecantikan berjejer di jalan di dua kota kecil Berastagi dan Kabanjahe. Kecantikan feminin dalam bentuk feminitas dianggap modern. Feminitas modern, yang menemukan ekspresinya dalam tubuh yang indah, dibentuk oleh kumpulan kompleks wacana dan praktik asal lokal, nasional dan global. Berawal dari tubuh yang dipahami sebagai perantara antara wacana dan praktik, penulis menganalisis kompleksitas topik kecantikan dan modernitas dari sudut pandang para aktor. Apa tujuan Anda secara strategis menerapkan cita-cita feminitas modern? Bagaimana posisi sosial menyusun proses apropriasi masing-masing? Penulis menunjukkan bagaimana semakin pentingnya kecantikan terkait dengan transformasi di bidang relasi gender, konsumsi, dan diferensiasi sosial. Feminitas modern dibentuk pada antarmuka estetika, tetapi di atas semua itu juga wacana sosial, ekonomi, budaya, agama dan moral. Motif sentral para pelaku perampasan cita-cita keindahan yang dianggap modern adalah perluasan kemampuan mereka sendiri dalam berakting dalam masyarakat patrilinear Batak Karo.Posisi sosial masing-masing mengarah pada bentuk apropriasi yang berbeda, yang berakibat pada perbedaan bentuk feminitas modern. Menggunakan contoh perempuan dari kelas menengah perkotaan, perempuan muda dari pedesaan dan waria, orang-orang dengan identitas transgender perempuan, proses apropriasi dan makna sosialnya akan dibahas secara komparatif. Globalisasi kecantikan, dapat disimpulkan, menghasilkan - bahkan pada tingkat lokal yang terbatas - berbagai femininitas modern. (diterjemahkan dengan Google Translate)
Pt. 1. Old media, girl power -- Disney girl ... interrupted: the "leaking" sexuality of girl stars -- Playmates and centerfolds: nostalgic white feminity and post-feminist "success" -- Pt. 2. New media, old power -- Celebrity in crisis: reality television and sex tape stardom -- Neoliberal success stories: Trump('s) women apprentices -- Conclusion.
Introduction: gender, law, and politics in Jordan -- Constructing normative feminity: the engagement of law and religious interpretations -- Women's alternative forms of femininity: compliant, pragmatic, and exceptional selves -- Women's everyday tactics of defiance and compliance -- Rebelling against the system of Wilaya: women "in need of correction and rehabilitation" -- Conclusion: state, gendered power of guardianship, and the potential for change
International audience ; The most visible models of masculinity and feminity spontaneously lead us to think that the genders-their roles and attributes-are combining or have become interchangeable. Quite present in advertisement, these « innovative » models are, nonetheless, a minority phenomenon in society as a whole. Moreover, indications of (re)differentiation can still be found or are reappearing. Lifestyles thus let us glimpse paradoxical practices and behaviors among men and women. They provide evidence that the bounds between masculinity and feminity are shifting. ; Les modèles masculins et féminins les plus en évidence invitent spontanément à croire que les rôles et attributs de la masculinité et de la féminité tendent à se fondre ou sont devenus interchangeables. Très présents dans les représentations et les publicités, ces modèles « innovants » n'en demeurent pas moins minoritaires dans l'ensemble social. De plus, des indices de (re)différenciation réapparaissent ou perdurent. Nos modes de vie donnent ainsi à voir des pratiques et des comportements pour le moins paradoxaux chez les hommes et les femmes ; ils attestent que les frontières du masculin et du féminin sont aujourd'hui mouvantes.
El propósito de este artículo es desarrollar un análisis crítico del proceso de despolitización del "género". Se propone desvelar un importante punto de inflexión en el uso de "género", de categoría analítica a característica individual, y su creciente sustitución del "sexo". Se argumenta que la comprensión del género como percepción o sentimiento de pertenencia entre múltiples identidades no representa un marco teórico comprometido políticamente y está despojado de sentido para la emancipación de las mujeres de la dominación masculina. A lo largo del artículo (1) se desarrolla una breve narrativa de la historia del concepto, (2) se examina la comprensión del género desde la óptica de la identidad, prestando atención a las acusaciones de voluntarismo dirigidas a Judith Butler y su respuesta a dichas críticas, (3) se analizan las ideas de "masculinidad" y "feminidad" y se expone lo que la superación del género conllevaría, y (4) se reflexiona sobre la constitución del sujeto político del feminismo desde una perspectiva post-identitaria ; The purpose of this article is to develop a critical analysis of the depoliticising of "gender". It aims to reveal a major turning point within the use of "gender", from an analytical category to an individual characteristic, and its increasing substitution of "sex". It is argued that the understanding of gender as a perception or feeling of belonging between multiple identities does not represent a politically committed theoretical framework and is devoid of meaning for the emancipation of women from male domination. Throughout the article (1) a brief narrative of the history of the concept is developed, (2) the understanding of gender from the perspective of identity is examined, paying attention to the accusation of voluntarism directed at Judith Butler and her responses to said criticism (3) the ideas of "masculinity" and "femininity" are analysed and what the overcoming of gender would entail is exposed, and (4) the political subject of feminism is explored from a post-identity perspective
An impossible subject : woman We have great difficulties, especially in France, in conceiving the identity of a woman, without referring to the male subject. Far from contributing to an anthropology of the female subject, feminism has always aimed at encouraging women to cast away their feminity, in order to prove their dignity. Women tend to focus on an abstract idea of their rights, giving priority to contraception and abortion but avoiding new challenges and new problems.
Zhang Xinxin and Zhang Jie are two contemporary Chinese women writers. They began to publish in the post-Cultural Revolution era, and became well-known in the early 1980s for their fictional depiction of the problems of the urban intellectual women attempting to resolve conflicts between love and career, love and marriage, and ideals and reality. After giving an overview of the development of the images of women in the fiction of the two writers and factors shaping it, the author examines to what the images presented challenge traditional ideals of feminity and women's roles. (DÜI-Sen)
En apenas dos años, Vox pasó de ser un partido residual desde su creación a convertirse en la tercera fuerza política en España. Aunque los motivos de su ascenso son múltiples, sus estrategias para presentarse a la opinión pública, su ideología y su discurso supone el culmen del desarrollo de distintas formas, colectivos y partidos de extrema derecha durante las últimas dos décadas. En este texto analizaremos el antifeminismo de Vox como un elemento estructurante de su ideología y como un ejemplo claro de la evolución de su discurso político respecto a la extrema derecha tradicional, a través del proceso de secularización de su concepción de las relaciones de género y de la articulación de masculinidades y feminidades de corte tradicional, adaptadas a las realidades contemporáneas. ; In just two years, Vox passed from being a residual party since its creation to becoming the third political force in the country. Although the reasons for the rise of Vox are varied, its strategies to present itself to public opinion, its ideology, and its discourse represent the culmination of the development of different forms, groups, and forces of the extreme right in Spain in the last two decades. In this paper, we will analyze the antifeminism of Vox as a structuring element of its ideology and as a clear example of the evolution of its political discourse concerning the traditional Spanish extreme right. Through secularization in its conception of the relations of gender and combining traditional and new types of masculinities and femininities, they have adapted its antifeminism to contemporary realities.
The problem of the sex ratio fascinates social scientists. Some measure it through the masculinity ratio (number of men per woman), others use the feminity ratio (number of women per man). Among the latter is the majority of social scientist on this subcontinent e.g., Gupta [13 ; maps 24,25,26 and 27) and in several countries of continental Europe [66, fn. 33, p. 3] . Corrado Gini, the celebrated creator of various indices, popular in social Sciences, devoted to the topic his very first book [11]. Sex and gender is one of the most important and popular variables, on which a social scientist breaks up his data into Significantly different groups.
Issues about women's leadership in society (politic) and church are still actual, especially in related with PEMILU in 2014. Women are still limited or not given chance to be a leader because of their feminity. One of the causes is the church's doctrine, as a result from the bias interpretation of the bible. In related with this, it is important to recontruct our interpretation to see the potents of the women, especially in leadership. Revision and liberation hermeneutic can make the role and position of women visible. Here I want to discuss about the leadership of Debora and Yael, to show how women have and play the political and religious power to save their nation from enemy.Keywords : Feminist, Leadership, Women, Masculine, Power, Hermeneutic
This paper addresses three aspects: first, referred to generally describe the various scenarios in which, gradually, women have been achieving recognition spaces of their individuality, the second focuses on the need for further studies perspective gender, especially the task that assists the law as an instrument of integration and social order, and finally, third, deals with a basic description of Colombian films, made between 2011 and 2012 about the role, the place given to women in narratives that claim instituted as cultural references. This leads to establish that this film has begun to gather in arguments that promote women rights, trying to make visible in educational terms, a problematic culture embedded in social, political and legal.ões das espanholas constituições independência americanos. Este perfeito Explica o título deste texto. Demorou fundação como os exemplos encontrados na Constituição de 1812 de Antioquia que pode muito bem estender a outras abordagens suas constituições provinciais gerais da Nova Granada, como é mais isso que os une do que dividi-los. ; Este documento aborda tres aspectos: el primero, alude a describir de manera general los diversos escenarios en los cuales, paulatinamente, la mujer ha ido logrando espacios de reconocimiento de su individualidad; el segundo, se centra en la necesidad de profundizar en estudios con perspectiva de género, en especial la tarea que le asiste al Derecho como instrumento de integración y orden social; finalmente, el tercero, aborda una descripción básica de la filmografía colombiana, realizada entre 2011 y 2012 en torno al rol, al lugar dado a la mujer en narraciones que pretenden instaurarse como referentes culturales. Ello conduce a establecer que esta cinematografía ha empezado a recabar en argumentos que promueven la defensa de los derechos femeninos, tratando de hacer visible en términos didácticos, una problemática inserta en la cultura social, política y jurídica. ; Este artigo aborda três aspectos: o primeiro descreve de uma maneira geral os diversos cenários em que as mulheres têm sido atingir gradualmente espaços que reconhecem a sua individualidade, a segunda centra-se na necessidade de novos estudos com uma perspectiva de gênero, especialmente em relação à tarefa que tem direito como um instrumento de integração e de ordem social e, finalmente, o terceiro faz uma descrição básica de filmes colombianos feitos entre 2011 e 2012, em torno do papel, o lugar dado às mulheres em narrativas que fingem ser instituída como referências culturais. Isto leva a estabelecer que esses filmes começassem a coletar argumentos que promovam os direitos das mulheres e está tentando fazer visível, em termos educacionais, uma problemática incorporada nas culturas sociais, políticas e jurídicas.
This paper addresses three aspects: first, referred to generally describe the various scenarios in which, gradually, women have been achieving recognition spaces of their individuality, the second focuses on the need for further studies perspective gender, especially the task that assists the law as an instrument of integration and social order, and finally, third, deals with a basic description of Colombian films, made between 2011 and 2012 about the role, the place given to women in narratives that claim instituted as cultural references. This leads to establish that this film has begun to gather in arguments that promote women rights, trying to make visible in educational terms, a problematic culture embedded in social, political and legal.ões das espanholas constituições independência americanos. Este perfeito Explica o título deste texto. Demorou fundação como os exemplos encontrados na Constituição de 1812 de Antioquia que pode muito bem estender a outras abordagens suas constituições provinciais gerais da Nova Granada, como é mais isso que os une do que dividi-los. ; Este documento aborda tres aspectos: el primero, alude a describir de manera general los diversos escenarios en los cuales, paulatinamente, la mujer ha ido logrando espacios de reconocimiento de su individualidad; el segundo, se centra en la necesidad de profundizar en estudios con perspectiva de género, en especial la tarea que le asiste al Derecho como instrumento de integración y orden social; finalmente, el tercero, aborda una descripción básica de la filmografía colombiana, realizada entre 2011 y 2012 en torno al rol, al lugar dado a la mujer en narraciones que pretenden instaurarse como referentes culturales. Ello conduce a establecer que esta cinematografía ha empezado a recabar en argumentos que promueven la defensa de los derechos femeninos, tratando de hacer visible en términos didácticos, una problemática inserta en la cultura social, política y jurídica. ; Este artigo aborda três aspectos: o primeiro descreve de uma maneira geral os diversos cenários em que as mulheres têm sido atingir gradualmente espaços que reconhecem a sua individualidade, a segunda centra-se na necessidade de novos estudos com uma perspectiva de gênero, especialmente em relação à tarefa que tem direito como um instrumento de integração e de ordem social e, finalmente, o terceiro faz uma descrição básica de filmes colombianos feitos entre 2011 e 2012, em torno do papel, o lugar dado às mulheres em narrativas que fingem ser instituída como referências culturais. Isto leva a estabelecer que esses filmes começassem a coletar argumentos que promovam os direitos das mulheres e está tentando fazer visível, em termos educacionais, uma problemática incorporada nas culturas sociais, políticas e jurídicas.
