Epidemics and mortality in 15th and 16th century Florence, Italy, were investigated by use of records of the government-sponsored Dowry Fund. These records contain the date of birth, date of investment, and date of dowry payment or death of 19,000 girls and women. Major epidemics ("plagues") occurred repeatedly. The most severe were in 1430, 1437-38, 1449-50, 1478-79, and 1527-31. Annual death rates of girls enrolled in the Dowry Fund increased by 5 to 10 times in each of these periods. During the last period, at least 20-25 per cent of the population of Florence is likely to have died. Recurrent epidemics accounted for 38 per cent of the total mortality experienced by girls enrolled in the Dowry Fund. The frequency of serious epidemics diminished with the passage of time, and overall mortality declined by about 10 per cent over the 15th and 16th centuries. Epidermic mortality was not consistently related to age. The effects of epidemics were most severe in the summer and autumn. Non-epidemic mortality was also greater in the summer and autumn than in the winter and spring.
Florence Chessin briefly discusses growing up in Columbus, Ohio, attending high school during World War Two, and getting married shortly after the war ended. She describes living in Missoula, Montana, as a young mother and helping found the Missoula Peace Group in 1963 in response to the escalation of the Vietnam War and increased military recruitment in area schools. She talks about Missoula Women for Peace, its formation in 1970, the primary goals of the group, and the activities it planned including fundraisers, potlucks, and lectures. Chessin concludes by reflecting on her own children's level of involvement with the peace movement and on the Jeannette Rankin Peace Center. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/missoulawomenforpeace_oralhistory/1009/thumbnail.jpg
Encore un ouvrage sur l'ouverture européenne, me direz-vous. Ce fut notre première réaction lorsque nous avons envisagé d'écrire sur le sujet. Le marché nous sembla inondé d'ouvrages censés traiter de l'Europe unie et des changements que cette date apporterait. Toutefois, lorsque nous avons réellement cherché un document pour l'exploiter au cours de nos séminaires de l'INSEAD, nous avons réalisé qu'en fait, il était urgent d'écrire un livre qui couvrirait le sujet simplement, s'adresserait aux cadres et fournirait des conseils pratiques aUx entreprises déjà présentes en Europe ou cherchant à tirer parti de la création du marché unique. Les ouvrages actuels, même ceux qui titrent « affaires» et « management », sont essentiellement des manuels économiques ou politiques qui éludent les véritables inquiétudes des hommes d'affaires. La stratégie, le marketing, la production et les ressources humaines sont autant de sujets qui n'étaient pas véritablement traités par des ouvrages plus que superficiels de peu d'utilité pour les cadres. En outre, il était peu question de « l'après-1992 » et de ses conséquences sur les entreprises. L'INSEAD, en tant que premier institut européen des affaires réputé pour la qualité de ses chargés de cours, se fixa pour objectif de présenter les faits, les enjeux et les dangers à un public d'hommes d'affaires. Nous avons cherché à dresser un inventaire exhaustif de tous les aspects du marché unique et de leurs implications pour les entreprises et, par là même, à répondre aux questions qui reviennent sans cesse dans la bouche des cadres.
Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in Open Access in 2021 for research or private study purposes ; Introduction, Athanasios Moulakis -- La raison d'être de la soumission au pouvoir, Konstantinos Despotopoulos -- Legitimité et pouvoir, Vittorio Mathieu -- Legitimacy and the problems of governance, Margherita Ciacci -- Recent trends in American legal theory, Charles Fried -- From legitimism to legitimacy, Mauttice Ceanston -- L'obligation politique : Hobbes et Kelsen — une lecture croisée, Francesco Gentile -- Enlightenment and legitimacy, Paschaus Kitromilides -- Legitimacy : a utilitarian view, Frederick Rosen -- The treatment of legitimacy in historical fiction, Ina Schabert -- Divine descent and sovereign rule : a case of legitimacy?, Peter Weber-Schafer -- Power, legitimacy and truth : reflections on the impossibility to legitimise legitimations of political order, Tilo Schabert
Nella cultura politica fiorentina del tardo Duecento, l'appartenenza alla civitas e il richiamo al bonum commune sono rivendicati anche dai banditi e dai fuorusciti.
In the 13th-century Florentine political culture, even outlaw and escaped individuals claimed their belonging to the civitas and bonum commune. ; Nella cultura politica fiorentina del tardo Duecento, l'appartenenza alla civitas e il richiamo al bonum commune sono rivendicati anche dai banditi e dai fuorusciti.
Florence Wyckoff's three-volume oral history documents her remarkable, lifelong work as a social activist, during which she has become nationally recognized as an advocate of migrant families and children. From the depression years through the 1970s, she pursued grassroots, democratic, community-building efforts in the service of improving public health standards and providing health care, education, and housing for migrant families. Major legislative milestones in her career of advocacy were the passage of the California Migrant Health Act and, in 1962, the Federal Migrant Health Act, which established family health clinics for the families who follow the crops along both the eastern and western migrant agricultural streams. This volume continues Wyckoff's story of the arduous political struggle for federal and state legislation providing for health services for migrants, the California and Federal Migrant Health Acts. Once this legislation was in place, Wyckoff was involved in a new battle to insure continuing budget appropriations for the migrant health programs. In her narration, Wyckoff provides additional chapters on her fifteen-year tenure on the Governor's Advisory Committee on Children and Youth, including the involvement of the Rosenberg Foundation in funding pioneering migrant public health services in the San Joaquin Valley; the changing living and social conditions of migrant workers during the period 1948-58; and the organizing of farmworker communities through citizen education and political action. Wyckoff also discusses many individuals who were significant in different areas of the struggle-- Anthony Rios and the CSO; notable growers, labor contractors, and public-spirited physicians, politicians and congressional staff members. The culmination of her varied work on the Governor's Committee was the organizing of the five Conferences on Families Who Follow the Crops, held in California between 1959 and 1967. The remaining two sections in this volume focus on Wyckoff's national and local work addressing and linking the issues of poverty and citizen participation. She chronicles her membership during the Kennedy Administration on the Study Committee charged with conceptualizing policy initiatives for what later came to be known as the War on Poverty. Some of the topics in this section include the concept of mainstreaming the poor; the 1960 White House Conference on Children and Youth; working with urban youth and the Watts Riots; the origin of the Headstart Program; and the function of the Citizens' Crusade Against Poverty. In the volume's final section, Wyckoff discusses her philosophy of citizen participation; describes how the War on Poverty emerged in Santa Cruz County; outlines some of its political and social consequences; and indicates how the Watsonville community defined and attempted to meet the housing, educational, and health needs of the migrant families so crucial to the region's agricultural economy.
International audience ; Le 8 janvier 1498, lorsque se tient la réunion qui ouvre le registre 64 des Libri di Consulte e di Pratiche, les institutions républicaines florentines nées en 1494 de la chute du régime médicéen sont pour beaucoup déjà fixées dans leur forme quasi définitive. A des instances politiques exécutives, centrées sur la Signoria, le Conseil des Dix et les XII Buonuomini, fait pendant le Grand Conseil, symbole de la République. Mais la séparation des responsabilités décisionnelles et législatives se révèle moins hermétique que ne le montre cette structure d'apparence strictement bipolaire, puisqu'une assemblée, jamais définie du point de vue institutionnel, parvient à s'y insérer. La convocation de Consulte ou pratiche a en effet pour finalité de fournir un conseil susceptible d'aider et d'orienter la réflexion des principales instances de décision, en même temps que le choix de ses membres se veut représentatif de la multiplicité des citoyens. Cependant, du fait de la nature même de cette assemblée, il est bien difficile d'évaluer avec exactitude la place qu'elle joue au sein des institutions florentines de 1498 à 1512. L'on observe néanmoins que toutes les questions d'importance relatives à la diplomatie, aux domaines militaire et financier, mais également au fonctionnement de la République sont systématiquement soumises à la réflexion des pratiche. Une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement de cette assemblée et des individus qui la composent se révèle d'autant plus nécessaire que, de 1498 à 1512, le régime républicain doit faire face à de nombreuses difficultés, tant structurelles que conjoncturelles, qui en menacent l'intégrité et parfois la survie.
International audience ; Le 8 janvier 1498, lorsque se tient la réunion qui ouvre le registre 64 des Libri di Consulte e di Pratiche, les institutions républicaines florentines nées en 1494 de la chute du régime médicéen sont pour beaucoup déjà fixées dans leur forme quasi définitive. A des instances politiques exécutives, centrées sur la Signoria, le Conseil des Dix et les XII Buonuomini, fait pendant le Grand Conseil, symbole de la République. Mais la séparation des responsabilités décisionnelles et législatives se révèle moins hermétique que ne le montre cette structure d'apparence strictement bipolaire, puisqu'une assemblée, jamais définie du point de vue institutionnel, parvient à s'y insérer. La convocation de Consulte ou pratiche a en effet pour finalité de fournir un conseil susceptible d'aider et d'orienter la réflexion des principales instances de décision, en même temps que le choix de ses membres se veut représentatif de la multiplicité des citoyens. Cependant, du fait de la nature même de cette assemblée, il est bien difficile d'évaluer avec exactitude la place qu'elle joue au sein des institutions florentines de 1498 à 1512. L'on observe néanmoins que toutes les questions d'importance relatives à la diplomatie, aux domaines militaire et financier, mais également au fonctionnement de la République sont systématiquement soumises à la réflexion des pratiche. Une meilleure connaissance du fonctionnement de cette assemblée et des individus qui la composent se révèle d'autant plus nécessaire que, de 1498 à 1512, le régime républicain doit faire face à de nombreuses difficultés, tant structurelles que conjoncturelles, qui en menacent l'intégrité et parfois la survie.
The lack of enthusiastic attitude of the Fifth Republic towards the idea of making the status of the voter a factor of political integration and the declining mobilization which can be noticed in the increasingly sporadic use of the the right to vote do not lead one to celebrate the triumphant forward march of the voter. On the other hand, the institutions created in 1958 have offered a framework for a profound renewal of the electorate-of its various categories as well as of the models used to try to analyze and interpret its behavior. ; La frilosité qu'a manifestée la Ve République dans l'entreprise de transformation du statut d'électeur en vecteur d'intégration politique tout autant que les tendances à la démobilisation perceptibles dans les usages de plus en plus intermittents du droit de vote ne permettent pas de célébrer la marche triomphale de l'électeur. En revanche, les institutions de 1958 ont été le cadre d'un profond renouveau de l'électorat, des orientations des catégories qui le constituent et des modèles d'intelligibilité qui tentent de donner du sens à ses comportements.
The lack of enthusiastic attitude of the Fifth Republic towards the idea of making the status of the voter a factor of political integration and the declining mobilization which can be noticed in the increasingly sporadic use of the the right to vote do not lead one to celebrate the triumphant forward march of the voter. On the other hand, the institutions created in 1958 have offered a framework for a profound renewal of the electorate-of its various categories as well as of the models used to try to analyze and interpret its behavior. ; La frilosité qu'a manifestée la Ve République dans l'entreprise de transformation du statut d'électeur en vecteur d'intégration politique tout autant que les tendances à la démobilisation perceptibles dans les usages de plus en plus intermittents du droit de vote ne permettent pas de célébrer la marche triomphale de l'électeur. En revanche, les institutions de 1958 ont été le cadre d'un profond renouveau de l'électorat, des orientations des catégories qui le constituent et des modèles d'intelligibilité qui tentent de donner du sens à ses comportements.
Families Who Follow the Crops is divided into four sections. In the opening section Wyckoff discusses her participation in the New Deal gubernatorial campaign of Democrat Culbert L. Olson and her participation in the Olson "crusade", where she became an ardent advocate in behalf of the dispossessed migrant agricultural population in California. In the second section Wyckoff chronicles her political and social life in Washington, D.C., during World War II, where she continued to lobby for migrants at the national level by fighting to maintain the existence of the Farm Security Administration and to educate congress on agricultural issues. She worked with a number of organizations including the National Consumers League, the Women's Joint Congressional Committee, the Office of Price Administration, and Food for Freedom on public education and legislative lobbying on agricultural issues. The third section begins with Wyckoff's settling in Watsonville after the war, where she became a key figure in developing health and social services in Santa Cruz County, including the establishment of the Pajaro Valley Health Council and the Visiting Nurses Association, and in influencing grassroots, community-based health and social service planning. She discusses a number of significant developments in the evolution of local social services. In the final section of the volume, Wyckoff discusses her work on the Governor's Advisory Committee on Children and Youth, to which she was first appointed by Governor Earl Warren in 1948. Her tenure on this advisory committee continued under four governors during which she continued to pursue her investigations of the needs of migrant families and children. One of the most significant developments which grew out of her work on the Children and Youth's subcommittee on Children of Seasonal Farmworkers was the organizing of the five Conferences on Families Who Follow the Crops during the late 1950s and early 1960s. As a major organizer of these events, Wyckoff and her colleagues brought together growers and migrant workers, and convened as well social workers, migrant ministers, teachers, public health workers, labor officials, and members of rural county governments, all of whom were working in different ways to address the living conditions and well-being of migrant families. Wyckoff's interdisciplinary approach in the organizing of the conferences was in itself pioneering and laid the groundwork for legislation addressing migrant health needs. This legislation established public health clinics for farm workers nationwide-- along both the eastern and western migrant streams. The volume concludes with Wyckoff's commentary on the first Conference on Families Who Follow the Crops.
The history of archaeology in the United States (and elsewhere) is fraught with examples of real and imagined conflicts of interest between academics, professionals and government officials on the one hand and their local counterparts of amateur archaeologists, newspaper reporters, artifact speculators and just interested citizens. Florence Lister has reconstructed the story (still ongoing by the way of the interplay of opposing schools of thought as it involved archaeology in the Durango, Colorado, vicinity). Given a subject beset with emotions. acquisitions. misrepresentations, rumors, name calling, mistrust, and occasionally, cooperation between the parties involved, the author has presented the fascinating history of Durango archaeology in a documented, readable and unbiased book that derives much of its value by calling forth archival material that has until now been unavailable or has existed as nebulous oral tradition.
DC-2002 marks the tenth in the ongoing series of International Dublin Core Workshops, and the second that includes a full program of tutorials and peer-reviewed conference papers. Interest in Dublin Core metadata has grown from a small collection of pioneering projects to adoption by governments and international organizations worldwide. The greatest challenge of the current phase of metadata development is bringing together the diversity of local conventions, domain specific requirements, and different encoding conventions such taht cross-domain interoperability can be achieved.
