Suchergebnisse

Nella storia della cartografia del Ducato di Modena tre sono le opere fondamentali che hanno apportato significative variazioni tecniche e di rappresentazione del territorio: quella del matematico ed astronomo Giovanni Antonio Magini all'inizio del 1600, quella dell'abate Domenico Vandelli intorno alla metà del 1700 ed infine quelle del Maggiore del Genio Austro-Estense Giuseppe Carandini nella prima metà dell'800. Sull'opera di quest'ultimo si incentra la presente relazione prendendo in esame sia la produzione cartografica "ufficiale" dell' Ufficio Topografico Estense dal Carandini diretto (che dal 1815 alla metà del secolo produsse un lavoro di rilievo e di elaborazione cartografica del territorio estense di altissimo livello), sia le mappe "derivate" più o meno palesemente da queste. All'inizio della scaletta espositiva viene presentata, come novità assoluta, la prima carta prodotta dall' Ufficio Topografico: la mappa degli Estensi Dominii, accuratissimo rilievo dell'intero Ducato basantesi sul sistema geodetico francese, a scala 1:100.000 che, data per dispersa durante i moti risorgimentali, è stata recentemente (e fortunosamente) ritrovata. La mappa, divisa in quattro spezzoni ed incollata su tela, presenta un solo foglio stampato (dove per altro è presente il frontespizio) mentre gli altri sono manoscritti e testimonia la grande competenza tecnica raggiunta in pochi anni dai militari Estensi. Le capacità operative dimostrate suscitarono il plauso degli Austriaci al punto da invitare gli ufficiali del Genio modenese alla realizzazione della grande carta in scala 1:28.800 dei possedimenti Imperiali in Italia e degli Stati satelliti (Parma, Modena e Toscana). Da questo ponderoso lavoro derivò anche la Carta militare del Ducato di Modena, meglio conosciuta come "carta Carandini" (presente in un unico esemplare presso l'archivio storico dell'IGM a Firenze), nonché una sua riduzione "commerciale", la Carta topografica del Ducato di Modena in scala 1:86.400 edita a Vienna nel 1842 ed aggiornata nel 1849, anch'essa oggetto di presentazione di questo lavoro. Frattanto i moti risorgimentali del 1848 permisero ai Piemontesi di venire in possesso dei rilievi Estensi mettendoli in grado di produrre una mappa, a fini essenzialmente militari, dove era presente anche il territorio del Ducato di Modena: la Carta topografica della Lombardia e dei Ducati di Parma e Modena, in scala sempre 1:86.400. Le altre opere derivate dalla "carta del Carandini", oggetto del presente lavoro, sono la Carta degli Stati Estensi, datata 1847, inserita nella Statistica degli Stati Estensi di C. Roncaglia, ed una meravigliosa carta manoscritta del Ducato al suo tramonto in scala 1:115.200, la Carta Topografica dimostrante i territori dello Stato di Modena, sconosciuta alle bibliografie, opera di un incisore operante a Modena intorno al 1850, Gaetano Raffo. ; In the history of the cartography of Duchy of Modena the fundamental works having introduced meaningful technical variations in the representation of the territory are just three: the first one is by the mathematician and astronomer Giovanni Magini in the beginning of 1600, the second one is by Domenico Vandelli around in the middle of 18 century and finally the works of the Genio Austro-Estense Corp by Major Giuseppe Carandini in the first middle of1800. On the work of this last one is focused the present relationship which is taking on examination both the "official" cartographic production of the Topographical Office of Estense Army (which from 1815 to the middle of century produced an high-level work of relief and cartographic elaboration of the territory), as the "derived" maps from these works. In the beginning of this report, as absolute novelty, I'm glad to introduce the first produced map by Estense Topographical Office: the map of the Estensi Dominii in Italia, an accurate scale 1:100.000 relief of the whole Duchy of Modena based on the French geodetic system. This work, lost during the fights of Italian Risorgimento, has recently been found again. The map is divided into four massive dissected linen-backed sections and is printed just only in the first part (where the frontispiece is in), while the other ones are manuscripts. This chart testify the great technical competence reached in few years by Estense Topographical Office. These operational abilities aroused the applause of the Austrians till to persuade to invite the officers of the Estense Genio Corp in the team which was working to the realization of the great map (scale 1:28.800) of the Imperial possessiones in Italy and of the satellites States (Parma, Modena and Tuscany). From this ponderous work derived also the military Mappa del Ducato di Modena (Map of the Duchy of Modena), better known as "Carta Carandini" (jus tkept in an only copy in IGM in Florence), as well as a reduction of it printed in Vienna in 1842 and adjourned in 1849 as a "commercial" copy: the Topographical Map of the Duchy of Modena (scale 1:86.400). In the meantime the 1848 Italian fights allowed the Sabaudian Army to get hold of the reliefs of Estense Topographical Office, allowing them in order to produce a military map showing the territory of the Duchy of Modena too: the Carta Topografica della Lombardia e dei Ducati di Parma e Modena (Topographical map of the Lombardy and of the Duchies of Parma and Modena, (always scale 1:86.400). The other works derived by "Carta Carandini", and shown in this work, are: the Carta degli Stati Estensi, (Map of the Estenses states) dated 1847, inserted in Statistica degli Stati Estensi by C. Roncaglia and a marvelous manuscript map of the Duchy in its sunset (scale 1:115.200): the Carta Topografica dimostrante i territori dello Stato di Modena, (Topographic map showing the Modena state territories) unknown to the bibliographies, engraved by Gaetano Raffo, an engraver who worked in Modena around 1850.

-Gesa Mackenthun, Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: The wonder of the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. ix + 202 pp.-Peter Redfield, Peter Hulme ,Wild majesty: Encounters with Caribs from Columbus to the present day. An Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. x + 369 pp., Neil L. Whitehead (eds)-Michel R. Doortmont, Philip D. Curtin, The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Essays in Atlantic history. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xi + 222 pp.-Roderick A. McDonald, Hilary McD.Beckles, A history of Barbados: From Amerindian settlement to nation-state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xv + 224 pp.-Gertrude J. Fraser, Hilary McD.Beckles, Natural rebels; A social history of enslaved black women in Barbados. New Brunswick NJ and London: Rutgers University Press and Zed Books, 1990 and 1989. ix + 197 pp.-Bridget Brereton, Thomas C. Holt, The problem of freedom: Race, labor, and politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1991. xxxi + 517 pp.-Peter C. Emmer, A. Meredith John, The plantation slaves of Trinidad, 1783-1816: A mathematical and demographic inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xvi + 259 pp.-Richard Price, Robert Cohen, Jews in another environment: Surinam in the second half of the eighteenth century. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991. xv + 350 pp.-Russell R. Menard, Nigel Tattersfield, The forgotten trade: comprising the log of the Daniel and Henry of 1700 and accounts of the slave trade from the minor ports of England, 1698-1725. London: Jonathan Cape, 1991. ixx + 460 pp.-John D. Garrigus, James E. McClellan III, Colonialism and science: Saint Domingue in the old regime. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1992. xviii + 393 pp.-Lowell Gudmundson, Richard H. Collin, Theodore Roosevelt's Caribbean: The Panama canal, the Monroe doctrine, and the Latin American context. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990. xviii + 598 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Ivelaw L. Griffith, Strategy and security in the Caribbean. New York : Praeger, 1991. xv + 208 pp.-W.E. Renkema, M.J. van den Blink, Olie op de golven: de betrekkingen tussen Nederland/Curacao en Venezuela gedurende de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1989. 119 pp.-Horatio Williams, Obika Gray, Radicalism and social change in Jamaica, 1960-1972. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991. xiv + 289 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Brackette F. Williams, Stains on my name, war in my veins: Guyana and the politics of cultural struggle. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991. xix + 322 pp.-A. Lynn Bolles, Olive Senior, Working miracles: Women's lives in the English-speaking Caribbean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press (and Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER),1991. xiii + 210 pp.-Teresita Martínez Vergne, Margarita Ostolaza Bey, Política sexual en Puerto Rico. Río Piedras PR: Ediciones Huracán, 1989. 203 pp.-David J. Dodd, Dora Nevares ,Delinquency in Puerto Rico: The 1970 birth cohort study. With the collaboration of Steven Aurand. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. x + 232 pp., Marvin E. Wolfgang, Paul E. Tracy (eds)-Karen E. Richman, Paul Farmer, AIDS and accusation: Haiti and the geography of blame. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. xiv + 338 pp.-Alex Stepick, Robert Lawless, Haiti: A research handbook. (With contributions by Ilona Maria Lawless, Paul F. Monaghan, Florence Etienne Sergile & Charles A. Woods). New York: Garland, 1990. ix + 354 pp.-Lucien Taylor, Richard Price ,Equatoria. With sketches by Sally Price. New York & London: Routledge, 1992. 295 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Edward L. Cox, Kai Schoenhals, Grenada. World bibliographical series volume 119. Oxford: Clio Press, 1990. xxxviii + 181 pp.-Henry Wells, Kai Schoenhals, Dominican Republic. World bibliographical series volume 111. Oxford: Clio Press, 1990. xxx + 211 pp.-Stuart H. Surlin, John A. Lent, Mass communications in the Caribbean. Ames: Iowa State University Press. 1990. xviii + 398 pp.-Ellen M. Schnepel, Max Sulty ,La migration de l'Hindouisme vers les Antilles au XIXe siècle, après l'abolition de l'esclavage. Paris: Librairie de l'Inde, 1989. 255 pp., Jocelyn Nagapin (eds)-Viranjini Munasinghe, Steven Vertovec, Hindu Trinidad: Religion, ethnicity and socio-economic change.-Alvina Ruprecht, Selwyn R. Cudjoe, Caribbean women writers: Essays from the first international conference. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1990. xv + 382 pp.-J. van Donselaar, Michiel van Kempen et al, Nieuwe Surinaamse verhalen. Paramaribo: De Volksboekwinkel, 1986. 202 pp.''Suriname. De Gids 153:791-954. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1990.-J. van Donselaar, Literatuur in Suriname: nieuwe, nog niet eerder gepubliceerde verhalen en gedichten van Surinaamse auteurs. Preludium 5(3): 1-80. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Breda: Stichting Preludium, 1988.''Verhalen van Surinaamse schrijvers. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers. 1989. 248 pp.''Hoor die tori! Surinaamse vertellingen. Michiel van Kempen (compiler). Amsterdam: In de Knipscheer, 1990. 267 pp.-Beth Craig, Francis Byrne ,Development and structures of creole languages: Essays in honor of Derek Bickerton. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1991. x + 222 pp., Thom Huebner (eds)-William W. Megenney, John M. Lipski, The speech of the negros congos of Panama. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1989. vii + 159 pp.-Hein D. Vruggink, Clare Wolfowitz, Language, style and social space: Stylistic choice in Suriname Javanese. Champaign; University of Illinois Press, 1992. viii + 265 pp.-Keith A.P. Sandiford, Brian Douglas Tennyson, Canadian-Caribbean relations: Aspects of a relationship. Sydney, Nova Scotia: Centre for international studies, 1990. vii + 379 pp.-Gloria Cumper, Philip Sherlock ,The University of the West Indies: A Caribbean response to the challenge of change. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1990. viii + 315 pp., Rex Nettleford (eds)

A form letter sent inviting people to the Autumn Conference of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society in Bellport, Long Island. It lists the lineup of speakers and events to occur that weekend. ; PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT OF AUTUMN CONFERENCE OF THE INTERCOLLEGIATE SOCIALIST SOCIETY to be held at BELLPORT, LONG ISLAND September 18-24, 1917. Dear friend: You are cordially invited to attend the Autumn Conference of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society to be held at Bellport, Long Island, from September 18 to 24, 1917. The subject of the conference "Political and Social Readjustments during and after the War" – is of overshadowing importance at the present time. While it is now impossible to give the complete program, partly on account of the disturbed conditions due to the war, the following subjects and speakers may be tentatively announced. Tues. night, Sept. 18 – "Labor in Private and Public Industry." Speakers: Florence Kelley, Secretary of the National Consumers League; James H. Maurer, President of the Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor; James Mackaye, author of "Economy of Happiness." Wed. morning, Sept. 19 – "Freedom of Speech and Press." Speakers to be announced later. Wed. Evening, Sept. 19 – "Conscription of Wealth." Speakers: Congressman Meyer London; Professor E.R.A. Seligman of Columbia University; Stuart Chase of Boston. Thurs. morning, Sept. 20 – "Municipal Ownership." Speakers: Charles Zueblin, author of "American Municipal Progress;" Evans Clark, author of "Municipal Ownership in the United States." Thurs. evening, Sept. 20 – "Public Control of Food." Speakers: Carl Vrooman, assistant Secretary of Agriculture; John J. Dillon, Commissioner of Food and Markets, N.Y. City; Arthur Le Sueur, legal advisor, North Dakota Non-Partisan League. Fri. morning, Sept. 21 – "American Democracy and the Negro." Speakers: Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois, Editor of The Crisis, and others. Fri. evening, Sept. 21 – "Universal Service – in Peace and War." Speakers: Professor Harry A. Overstreet, C.C.N.Y.; Randolph S. Bourne and others. Sat. Morning, Sept. 22 – "Public Ownership of Railroads, Telegraphs, Telephones." Speakers to be announced later. Sat. Evening, Sept. 22 – "What Peace Proposals Should a Radical Advocate?" Speakers: Dr. Geo. W. Nasmyth of the World Peace Foundation; Louis B. Boudin, author of "Socialism and War" and others. Sun. morning, Sept. 23 – Subject to be chosen later as new developments arise. Sun. Afternoon, Sept. 23 – "The Significance of the Russian Revolution." Speakers to be announced later. Sun. Evening, Sept. 23 – Symposium on "Why I am a Socialist." To be participated in briefly by a number of well known men and women. Monday, Sept. 24 – program to be announced later. After the set speeches, a number of five minute discussions will be held on each subject. Several of the younger graduates have consented to participate in these discussions. A portion of one or more afternoons may also be devoted to the reading of a modern play, to the discussion of some cultural phase of Socialism, etc. For the most part, the afternoons will be given over to recreation and sociability. The hours for addresses and discussion will be from 10 to 12:30 in the morning and from 8 to 10:30 at night. Location – Bellport, L.I., the home of the conference, is situated on the southern coast of Long Island, about 60 miles from New York, 1 ½ hours to 2 hrs. journey on the Long Island Railroad. For the purpose of the conference, Mr. and Mrs. Darwin J. Meserole have kindly placed at the disposal of the Society "Goldthwaite Inn," "The Lloyds," and other cottages. These houses overlook the Great South Bay, a wonderful stretch of water, twenty miles in extent, shut in from the ocean by an unbroken line of sand dunes. The Bay offers many attractions, especially to amateur sailors. Three miles from the Inn, across the bay, is the ocean beach where invigorating surf bathing may be enjoyed. To this ferry boats run twice during the day. There will also be opportunity for quiet walks over fields and woods, for tennis and golfing at near by clubs and for other forms of recreation. Accommodations – available for the guests are the "Goldthwaite Inn," "The Lloyds," and the cottages mentioned, while the overflow may be accommodated at the several hotels and cottages in town. The charges for board and lodging are as follows: Rates per week – two persons sharing room, $12 to $14 each; two persons sharing room (with bath) $18 each; single rooms $14 to $20 according to location. Rates per day - $2.50 to $3.50 according to location. Guests not accommodated at "The Inn" can find quarters at other hotels near by, or arrangements can be made for them by the committee in charge. In addition to this charge, the society will be required to make an extra charge of fifty cents a day, to help in defraying the expenses of the conference. Those attending single meetings of the conference will be asked to pay twenty-five cents admission fee. Those planning to attend the conference should send their names to the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 70 Fifth Ave., N.Y. City, at their earliest opportunity. A fee of $2, which will be applied toward room and board, should be deposited with the society, when the application is made – or not later than September 10th. The Society will be glad to receive the names and addresses of those who might be desirous of receiving a notice of the convention. Trusting that you may be present to help in the success of the conference, I am Very sincerely, Harry W. Laidler Secretary.

Editorial This Issue of Lagos Notes and Records presents a range of scholarly contributions from established and early career researchers and scholars across key disciplines in the humanities. It is worthy of note that a couple of articles received from authors outside the traditional base of the journal confirm the reputation this journal has acquired over the years and its increasing national and international appeal. In the first article, Decker re-examines the history of some early settlers and key actors in pre-modern Lagos. He specifically analyses Oshodi Tapa's individuality and presents the factors that shape his role in the evolving colonial Lagos society of his time. The paper concludes that an underdog's capability to affect society is derived from the opportunities presented by the society involved and those accessed and utilised by the individual. Boumo and Gimba, in their historical mapping of settlement and intergroup relations among the Hausa and Central Delta region during the precolonial era in Nigeria, observe that the people of both regions lived and traded with one another peacefully from as early as the 16th century. They argue that this mutual and peaceful relationship has now been disrupted as a result of many sociopolitical conflicts and events in the last few years. Florence Nweke discusses phases of earning in music. The study emphasises the phases that lead to the acquisition of musical skills in children using the principles by Gordon and Gardner. The implication of the findings is that knowledge of students' musical aptitude would assist in the selection of musical materials, their content and teaching strategies appropriate for each student. Onipede examines the role of visual art critics in helping to improve the work done within that sub-discipline. Art critics and criticism are said to be crucial to the growth of art practice because they serve as chaperons to art through the feedback they give on the practice, trend and quality of artworks. The paper laments the low number and quality of art critics in Nigeria and their unprofessional practices. It proffers recommendations on how art critics and criticism can be improved. Ofuafo's contribution also toes the path of visual art by showing how Bruce Onobrakpeya's works document and integrate the Urhobo concept of Akpo in contemporary visual arts. Using Umberto Eco's semiotic theory, the paper shows how pictures possess signs and statements signifying cultural and religious values. She submits that Bruce Onobrakpeya synthesises and extends the Urhobo traditional mythology on Akpo in his artworks to create an interface between the Urhobo people and their belief system. Jegede (lately of blessed memory), in the article on globalising inequality, contends that connectivity, cooperation and interdependence of the states and peoples of the world cannot be successful where there is a glaring inequality of status. The paper challenges African countries to work hard towards developing their nations before embracing globalisation. It concludes by arguing that globalising at this stage of underdevelopment puts African states at a disadvantage, except the developed world decides to trade its development for underdevelopment. Paméssou explores the theme of gender, sexual identities and morality in the post-modern world as depicted in Caryl Churchill's comic play titled Cloud Nine. The paper uses psycholanalytic theory and aspect of feminism to highlight the phenomenon of gender orientation and sexual reassignment in the play. It shows how characters in the play act out the complex nature and characteristics of sex and gender identities in contemporary society. Oral performance constitutes the focus of Anya Egwu's paper, 'Towards a Type Classification of Ẹwa-ọma Festival Performances of Nkporo, South-Eastern Nigeria'. He attempts a pioneering initiative to systematically observe, describe, document and classify individual festival performances in an Igbo community in the South-East of Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) Ẹwa-ọma performances recorded in an audiovisual device during the 2000, 2001 and 2002 editions of the festival are used for type classification. Four types of Ẹwa-ọma performances are identified and described in this study. Alimi investigates the issues of American multiculturalism. He uses Kushner's Angels in America (Millennium Approaches and Perestroika) to demonstrate how Americans' desires to express multiculturalism is complicated by their participations in the politics of its acceptance and rejection simultaneously. The paper examines the challenges facing Americans' acceptance of multiculturalism and the politics of "group differentiated rights" that problematise the choice or choices individuals and groups make in the process of acquiring the American identity. Azumuruna discusses the dimensions of the sociopsychological (sociological and psychological) alienation of the African American as portrayed in James Baldwin's Go Tell it on the Mountain (Mountain) and Gloria Naylor's The Women of Brewster Place (TWBP). The paper demonstrates how the two novelists simultaneously engage as well as reformulate the Marxist concept of alienation/estrangement within the framework of the racial experience of the African American in America. Sobola and Agboola in their article analyse the syntactic representation of structural patterns in the conceptual metaphors and also the meaning mechanism involved in the interpretation of metaphorical structures found in two Nollywood movies: Aya wa ni (Yoruba) and He Goat (English). Types and categories of metaphors in the two are identified, described and interpreted based on their sociocultural meanings. In the last paper in this volume, Peter Oni examines the relationship between language and development. He challenges African scholars to address the problems of (under) development by utilising resources in African languages. He submits that lack of writings in African languages is one of the major obstacles to development. It is my considered opinion that this volume has served the academic and research communities locally and globally with some thoughtprovoking scholalrly debates and findings. Pertinent and contemporary issues within the disciplines in the humanities have been thrown up and addressed, and findings from the studies will definitely provoke further debates and deepen the impact of our works on the larger society. Muyiwa Falaiye, PhD Professor of Philosophy Editor-in-Chief

Résumé Thèse Mara Montanaro. Université Paris Descartes- Université du Salento. Direction de Madame Michela Marzano et Madame Marisa Forcina Françoise Collin. La révolution permanente d'une pensée discontinue (1928-2012) Françoise Collin était écrivaine, féministe, philosophe qui connue surtout dans le monde francophone, n'en a pas moins exercé une influence certaine dans les pays méditerranéens -telle bien sûr l'Italie - mais aussi dans les pays anglophones, ainsi qu'en attestent les hommages qui lui ont été rendus dans Radical Philosophy et Signs. Dans ma thèse, la première sur Françoise Collin, je me suis employée à reconstruire, problématiser et interpréter ses écrits, ses essais, ses articles (qui, pour la plupart ne sont pas traduits en italien) en ayant comme fil rouge le concept de praxis dans l'écriture, dans l'engagement féministe et dans la philosophie. J'ai entrepris de montrer qu'il y a une cohérence dans la discontinuité, une cohérence structurelle. Dans le premier chapitre j'ai analysé comment née à l'écriture par la poésie - ses premiers poèmes ont été publiés dans les années 1960 dans la revue Ecrire, dirigée par Jean Cayrol - elle a écrit ses premiers romans Le Jour fabuleux (1961) et Rose qui peut (1962) au Seuil, pour se consacrer ensuite à la philosophie et publier, chez Gallimard, une étude de l'oeuvre de Maurice Blanchot, Maurice Blanchot et la question de l'écriture, quand Blanchot n'était encore connu que dans un cercle restreint. Ce premier essai consacré à Blanchot en France reste aujourd'hui encore une des monographies de référence sur ce grand auteur du siècle précédent. J'ai donc, dans mon premier chapitre, exploré son rapport à l'écriture comme mouvement perpétuel, les concepts de négation, négativité et négatif, le rapport entre littérature et philosophie. Il y a aussi une digression avec l'oeuvre de Maurice Merleau-Ponty (les concepts de corps en langage), enfin j'ai vu la comparaison que Françoise Collin a fait entre l' "entretien infini" chez Blanchot et "le dialogue pluriel" chez Arendt. Dans le deuxième chapitre j'ai reconstruit la chronologie et la généalogie de son engagement féministe. En 1973, de retour d'un voyage à New York, elle crée et anime la première revue féministe en langue française, Les Cahiers du Grif (Groupe de recherche et d' information féministes). Le premier numéro des Cahiers du Grif paraît en octobre 1973. La revue assume très tôt une dimension internationale dans le monde francophone. J'ai aussi analyse la polysémie des leitmotiv du féminisme : mon corps à moi, le privé est politique, un enfant si je veux quand je veux, le rapport entre insurrection et institution, fondamentale pour comprendre le cheminement de Françoise Collin, je retrace aussi la figure de Simone De Beauvoir telle qu'elle émerge dans les articles de Collin. Enfin j'ai problématisé, interrogé les théories féministes et j'ai reconstruit brièvement l'historie du mouvement féministe en Belgique et en France (MLF). Le troisième chapitre de ma thèse porte sur le rapport intellectuel que Françoise Collin a développé avec l'oeuvre de Hannah Arendt. Dans les années 1980, Françoise Collin a introduit sur la scène philosophique française la lecture de gauche de Hannah Arendt en co-organisant au Collège international de philosophie, le colloque international Ontologie et Politique. En 1999 elle écrit L'homme est-il devenu superflu ? Hannah Arendt. (Odile Jacob). Dans le remarquable entretien qu'elle eut avec Florence Rochefort et Danielle Haase-Dubosc en 2001, elle dit : L'articulation complexe entre poétique et politique est même peut-être le support permanent de ma réflexion. S'il y a tension entre ces deux dimensions de l'expérience humaine, il y a aussi rapport dans la mesure où il ne peut y avoir bouleversement politique (dans les rapports de sexe) sans bouleversement symbolique, lequel n'est pas réductible à la ponctualité de lois ou de mesures sociales. Le changement se cherche mais n'obéit pas au commandement. C'est dans ma réflexion sur l'écriture que j'ai appris ce que je continue à nommer "aller en direction de l'inconnu ". On a voulu donc retracer son itinéraire, un parcours atypique et original, entre écriture et politique, littérature et philosophie, engagement féministe et art. Dans l'oeuvre de Françoise Collin l'idée de praxis introduit et soutient la cohérence incohérente d'un itinéraire de plus de quarante ans de réflexion et d'écriture. C'est une idée qui jette une nouvelle lumière sur les dimensions qui semblent disparates d'un parcours, soit dans ses moments singuliers soit dans ses moments collectifs. Collin, en effet, a forgé le concept de praxis de la différence et à articulé cette idée à celle de différend des sexes dans la mesure où la différence des sexes est un agir, une praxis sans représentation préalable, un acte qui se rejoue en chaque conjointure. On se trouve face à un agir, un faire être sans représentation de sa fin et sans postulat d'une quelconque totalité potentielle. C'est, en effet, dans le sens arendtien que Collin lit la praxis, l'agir, opposé à la fabrication, au poéisis. C'est aussi important de souligner que Collin a voulu que Arendt, une femme dont le pensée a été pour elle cruciale, soit reconnue comme source et ressource de pensée tout court. Le terme le plus apte à décrire le parcours de Collin entre écriture, féminisme et philosophie est peut-être "cheminement", un cheminement en même temps fait de continuité et de déplacements et ouvert à un certain polymorphisme. Comme écrit Rosi Braidotti : Françoise l'inachevée, non pas par manque, mais par excès de talent et d'intensité, car l'écriture, elle, est infinie et à jamais. Elle aura peut-être la dernière d'une génération des femmes, féministes, qui ont effacé les lignes de démarcation entre philosophie, l'écriture littéraire, les arts et la politique, les entraînant tous dans un tourbillon créatif qui dépasse et déplace tous bornes .

Résumé Thèse Mara Montanaro. Université Paris Descartes- Université du Salento. Direction de Madame Michela Marzano et Madame Marisa Forcina Françoise Collin. La révolution permanente d'une pensée discontinue (1928-2012) Françoise Collin était écrivaine, féministe, philosophe qui connue surtout dans le monde francophone, n'en a pas moins exercé une influence certaine dans les pays méditerranéens -telle bien sûr l'Italie - mais aussi dans les pays anglophones, ainsi qu'en attestent les hommages qui lui ont été rendus dans Radical Philosophy et Signs. Dans ma thèse, la première sur Françoise Collin, je me suis employée à reconstruire, problématiser et interpréter ses écrits, ses essais, ses articles (qui, pour la plupart ne sont pas traduits en italien) en ayant comme fil rouge le concept de praxis dans l'écriture, dans l'engagement féministe et dans la philosophie. J'ai entrepris de montrer qu'il y a une cohérence dans la discontinuité, une cohérence structurelle. Dans le premier chapitre j'ai analysé comment née à l'écriture par la poésie - ses premiers poèmes ont été publiés dans les années 1960 dans la revue Ecrire, dirigée par Jean Cayrol - elle a écrit ses premiers romans Le Jour fabuleux (1961) et Rose qui peut (1962) au Seuil, pour se consacrer ensuite à la philosophie et publier, chez Gallimard, une étude de l'oeuvre de Maurice Blanchot, Maurice Blanchot et la question de l'écriture, quand Blanchot n'était encore connu que dans un cercle restreint. Ce premier essai consacré à Blanchot en France reste aujourd'hui encore une des monographies de référence sur ce grand auteur du siècle précédent. J'ai donc, dans mon premier chapitre, exploré son rapport à l'écriture comme mouvement perpétuel, les concepts de négation, négativité et négatif, le rapport entre littérature et philosophie. Il y a aussi une digression avec l'oeuvre de Maurice Merleau-Ponty (les concepts de corps en langage), enfin j'ai vu la comparaison que Françoise Collin a fait entre l' "entretien infini" chez Blanchot et "le dialogue pluriel" chez Arendt. Dans le deuxième chapitre j'ai reconstruit la chronologie et la généalogie de son engagement féministe. En 1973, de retour d'un voyage à New York, elle crée et anime la première revue féministe en langue française, Les Cahiers du Grif (Groupe de recherche et d' information féministes). Le premier numéro des Cahiers du Grif paraît en octobre 1973. La revue assume très tôt une dimension internationale dans le monde francophone. J'ai aussi analyse la polysémie des leitmotiv du féminisme : mon corps à moi, le privé est politique, un enfant si je veux quand je veux, le rapport entre insurrection et institution, fondamentale pour comprendre le cheminement de Françoise Collin, je retrace aussi la figure de Simone De Beauvoir telle qu'elle émerge dans les articles de Collin. Enfin j'ai problématisé, interrogé les théories féministes et j'ai reconstruit brièvement l'historie du mouvement féministe en Belgique et en France (MLF). Le troisième chapitre de ma thèse porte sur le rapport intellectuel que Françoise Collin a développé avec l'oeuvre de Hannah Arendt. Dans les années 1980, Françoise Collin a introduit sur la scène philosophique française la lecture de gauche de Hannah Arendt en co-organisant au Collège international de philosophie, le colloque international Ontologie et Politique. En 1999 elle écrit L'homme est-il devenu superflu ? Hannah Arendt. (Odile Jacob). Dans le remarquable entretien qu'elle eut avec Florence Rochefort et Danielle Haase-Dubosc en 2001, elle dit : L'articulation complexe entre poétique et politique est même peut-être le support permanent de ma réflexion. S'il y a tension entre ces deux dimensions de l'expérience humaine, il y a aussi rapport dans la mesure où il ne peut y avoir bouleversement politique (dans les rapports de sexe) sans bouleversement symbolique, lequel n'est pas réductible à la ponctualité de lois ou de mesures sociales. Le changement se cherche mais n'obéit pas au commandement. C'est dans ma réflexion sur l'écriture que j'ai appris ce que je continue à nommer "aller en direction de l'inconnu ". On a voulu donc retracer son itinéraire, un parcours atypique et original, entre écriture et politique, littérature et philosophie, engagement féministe et art. Dans l'oeuvre de Françoise Collin l'idée de praxis introduit et soutient la cohérence incohérente d'un itinéraire de plus de quarante ans de réflexion et d'écriture. C'est une idée qui jette une nouvelle lumière sur les dimensions qui semblent disparates d'un parcours, soit dans ses moments singuliers soit dans ses moments collectifs. Collin, en effet, a forgé le concept de praxis de la différence et à articulé cette idée à celle de différend des sexes dans la mesure où la différence des sexes est un agir, une praxis sans représentation préalable, un acte qui se rejoue en chaque conjointure. On se trouve face à un agir, un faire être sans représentation de sa fin et sans postulat d'une quelconque totalité potentielle. C'est, en effet, dans le sens arendtien que Collin lit la praxis, l'agir, opposé à la fabrication, au poéisis. C'est aussi important de souligner que Collin a voulu que Arendt, une femme dont le pensée a été pour elle cruciale, soit reconnue comme source et ressource de pensée tout court. Le terme le plus apte à décrire le parcours de Collin entre écriture, féminisme et philosophie est peut-être "cheminement", un cheminement en même temps fait de continuité et de déplacements et ouvert à un certain polymorphisme. Comme écrit Rosi Braidotti : Françoise l'inachevée, non pas par manque, mais par excès de talent et d'intensité, car l'écriture, elle, est infinie et à jamais. Elle aura peut-être la dernière d'une génération des femmes, féministes, qui ont effacé les lignes de démarcation entre philosophie, l'écriture littéraire, les arts et la politique, les entraînant tous dans un tourbillon créatif qui dépasse et déplace tous bornes .

Préfigurée par la Déclaration que Robert Schuman prononce le 9 mai 1950, la Communauté européenne du Charbon et de l'Acier (CECA) devient réalité le 18 avril 1951, lorsque les représentants de six États fondateurs – Allemagne, Belgique, France, Italie, Luxembourg et Pays-Bas – concluent, pour une durée de 50 ans, le traité de Paris. L'architecture institutionnelle de cette première communauté européenne dessine l'actuel équilibre des pouvoirs de l'Union européenne reposant sur: la Haute Autorité (la Commission européenne) ; le Conseil spécial de ministres; l'Assemblée commune (le Parlement européen); la Cour de justice – indépendante. En juillet 1952, Luxembourg-ville est choisie comme lieu de travail provisoire de la CECA. Dès le 10 août 1952, la Haute Autorité s'installe dans le bâtiment qui abrite ac-tuellement la Spuerkeess. Le 10 décembre, la Cour de justice de la CECA tient sa séance d'ouverture solennelle au Cercle Municipal, à la place d'Armes. Luxembourg-ville devient siège européen aux côtés de Strasbourg (qui accueille l'Assemblée commune) et de Bruxelles, qui s'y rajoute en 1958, après la création de la Communauté économique européenne et l'Euratom. La fusion des exécutifs com-munautaires (1965) confirme Luxembourg comme siège judiciaire et financier européen. Ce n'est qu'en 1992 que le Conseil européen d'Édimbourg consacre la tripolarité Luxembourg – Bruxelles – Strasbourg comme « capitales permanentes de l'Union européenne.

Climate change has now become a global problem since the level of awareness of civil society has grown. Even non-professionals have understood that this phenomenon is strongly influenced by human activities and by local or specific dynamics, which exacerbate its effects, especially in the case of coastal environment conservation. Coastal erosion is a natural process that is exacerbated by climate change and is considered a natural hazard since it threatens the safety of humans and their properties. As with other natural hazards, such as fire and hydraulic, the risk of coastal erosion is mainly driven by urban spreading and inadequate land management. There are numerous proposals in the scientific literature based on good practices, guidelines and studies on the assessment and management of coastal erosion to solve the problem. However, coasts around the world are still experiencing significant imbalances, and future forecasts on this issue are even more pessimistic. On a technical level, numerous solutions have been tested in recent decades. Unfortunately, these alternatives have been fundamentally oriented towards the construction of hard coastal engineering structures, which instead of solving the problem, on many occasions have created new phenomena of instability such as the generation of coastal narrowing and the translation of erosive phenomena along the coast. Solutions were proposed and tested considerably, during the last century; almost everywhere they comprised hard structures of coastal engineering that instead of solving the problem, created new instabilities, such as coastal squeezing and erosive shifting. These consequences, and the trends observable on the world's shores, have required the conversion of coastal engineering into a more sustainable discipline that strongly supports natural resilience. More generally, resilience represents the ability of natural systems, such as a coast, a community or an individual, to cope and respond to a traumatic event by drawing on their own resources. As for the loss of the beaches, this intrinsic character must allow the system to use the sedimentary stock, to rebalance the dynamics and feedbacks coming from each of its physical and biological components. This would allow the beach to "jump back" and reach the morpho-dynamic equilibrium it had in the phase preceding the erosive trauma. This work proposes an integrated method for calculating the resilience potential that can address both the assessment and management phases of coastal erosion risk. The proposed evaluation methodology comprises the use of innovative technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) for the mapping and spatial analysis of morphological trends, integrated in the analysis of economic and social dynamics. Such matrices differ greatly due to their different nature but must be considered as the product of vulnerability and exposure in risk assessment. Adopting an approach oriented to the use of multi-parametric indices, the resilience potential was calculated and integrated into the vulnerability assessment. This is essential as from a regulatory point of view areas exposed to natural hazards must be transformed into low risk levels to improve their natural stability before their use. In this regard, the coastal strip of the Municipality of San Vincenzo (Livorno, Italy) has been mapped and its potential use and regulation have been evaluated independently of purely economic or political approaches. However, this still represents a great challenge as the economy plays a strong role in valuation formulas, as well as management plans, which for these reasons are rarely decisive. The study was tested within the Interreg MAREGOT Project, of which the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence is a partner. Initially a morphodynamic evaluation of the studied site was carried out, followed by the drafting of a morpho-sedimentological map. These activities were carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Geomorphology of the Center for Geotechnology (CGT) of the University of Siena. Subsequently, the morphological trends and the economic parameters examined were converted into diagnostic indicators of territorial change, at the Department of Civil Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena (Spain). The results highlight that an assessment of the resilience potential is not only necessary to address the effects of climate change, but it is mandatory to plan corrective actions that quantify the real capacity of coastal areas to cope with extreme events. Furthermore, in anthropized coastal environments the high density of concessions for recreational activities, the high price ranges of services, and the construction of buildings on the coastal area imply significant limitations that can be related to both social and morphological risks. The most important ones concern free access, the exercise of the right to swim, as well as the provision of a right of possession of the built works to the concessionaires, and subsequently the duty to protect them (by the administrations) through rigid works in emergency conditions. climatic. As already mentioned, these works are generally to be considered as the last alternative, as they can give rise to phenomena of contraction of the coastal strip at a local level, and sometimes cause the loss of some habitats. The European Commission's EU market regulation rules have sometimes highlighted the existence of shortcomings in the management of state-owned concessions in the maritime field. Indeed, in Italy they are generally automatically renewed to concessionaires for indefinite periods, without considering its implications on sedimentary dynamics of the coast. As already mentioned, this has influenced coastal engineering and urban planning on the territory of the entire Italian state. Hence, the Nature Based Solution tested in this study consists of a method that includes the potential for resilience in the management of areas subject to coastal erosion. This phenomenon is analyzed in terms of socio-morphological vulnerability on a local scale (beach), since it represents the administrative dimension within which this procedure is most applicable, and in which the concept of risk is linked to the loss of sedimentary stock. The approach adopted is oriented to the use of multi-parametric spatial indices through GIS tools, and shows the applicability of the method that allows to identify areas with different potential for relative resilience. Furthermore, it allows to generate territorial management strategies on a local scale consistent with the existence of morphological and social vulnerabilities. ; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena ; Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena ; Programa de Doctorado en Tecnología y Modelización en Ingeniería Civil, Minera y Ambiental

HOTEMBEB, 1904 VOL. XIIL HO. 6 GETTYSBURG COLLEGE GETTYSBURG, PA. '»! OH. EL wtmiom, onmiun i IB^BBi'BB'i'ffiaiiU'mnvuBlTtliU I U u . i , nlUlk/li I 11/ 1 HELP THOSE WHO HELP US. The Intepcollepte Bureau or Academic Costume. Chartered igoz. Cottrell 6 Leonrard Albany, N. Y. v-vvvvw^rv-v-Nrvv-wwwwTrw Makers of Caps, Gowns, Hoods 9oll indeed, the affection of the individuals differ according to the disposition and environment of each. Let us first consider Orlando and Rosalind, for they are the leading characters in the play, and their love is typical of the extreme romance. There are those who laugh to scorn the idea of love at first sight, yet in his description of these characters, as well as in the courtship of Oliver and Celia, and the sudden passion aroused in Phebe, upon the appearance of the supposed Gany-mede, the great artist seems to encourage at least the possibility of such a condition. With both Rosalind and Orlando, pity is an aid of passion. She fears for his youth, and is sorry to see him in the supposed power of Charles the Wrestler, from which she thinks he may not escape; she also hears rumors of his brother's unkindness and base schemes, and her sympathy hav-ing been aroused, causes her to make the first advances. He, flattered by the attention of Rosalind, is next interested in her lineage, and finally pities her because of her position at the court of her father's banisher. Thus, love, already aroused through mutual admiration and sympathy, is depicted as well under way after the first meeting. Orlando cannot conceive of love for a peasant; he is at-tracted by Rosalind as Ganymede, but cannot understand his brother's love of Celia. It is a question whether he would 196 THE MERCURY. have loved Rosalind had she came to him in the forest dis-guised as a simple shepherdess. Perhaps he would have seen through the disguise at once in that case, as he eventually did with Ganymede ; otherwise his sense of refinement alone would, we believe, have kept him true to Rosalind, no matter how at-tractive the peasant might have been. The nature of Orlando was full of a sensitiveness which was entirely lacking in Oliver; and, although there was nothing of the " snob " in his disposi-tion, we cannot imagine him as the lover of a common shep-herdess, even a disguised one. So much for the influence of previous life and environment upon the love passion. Al-though Orlando had never received the training of a gentleman, the instincts of one were paramount with him. Rosalind also showed her instinctive pride of birth. It mattered not to her how many peasants saw her in manly garb, she did not care for them, but as soon as she met Orlando and Jacques, men of her own rank, in the forest, an underlying feeling of shame be-gan to assert itself, and she was truly content only after she had introduced Hymen and could greet her lover as her natural self. Thus the passion of Rosalind and Orlando is typical of that highly refined romance which, although it is often overlooked by the present-day enthusiast, (who would bring the principles of " free and equal creation " even into the home circle) yet has made, and will continue to make, the happiest and, most en-during of wedlocks. In fact, this romance constitutes all the great principles of " Kind to Kind," and proves only too well the saying that " Ordinary men generally prefer ordinary women, and vice versa." That there are exceptions, as far as the knowledge of birth is concerned, is shown by the courtship of Oliver and Celia. True love was here, undoubtedly, but its annals are commonplace when compared with those of Rosa-lind and Orlando. Celia is typical of many women of yester-day, to-day and to morrow; she was satisfied with little. Per-haps she would not have understood that higher degree of passion which can give up everything for its object; and, find-ing that object unworthy, die a death which is far worse than that of material things. It is well that there are many Celias • • ■MHIIU1'1' THE MERCURY. 197 ' in the world; without them life would be too hard for every-day living. The love of Silvius for the capricious Phebe po- ' sesses true romance. He is a type of that lowly love which remains faithful to its object despite all drawbacks, the." love which knows not fear;" recognizing the glaring faults of his sweetheart, and making no attempt to conceal them, he yet re-mains true to her, and in the end is rewarded. Silvius, although a peasant, is one of the most interesting characters on account of the strength of his dog-like devotion which, contrasted with the behavior of William, who weakly allowed a fool to carry off the object of his affection, is truly charming. And now comes the saddest example, yet alas, it is also quite a portrayal of human desire: The relationship between Audrey and Touchstone. He was a fool, this is his only excuse, and with him let us class all those who would seek entertainment and relief from dullness in the name of love's sacred passion. That he did not really care for Audrey, and wished to marry her in such a way that he might be easily rid o! her should he so desire, he does not attempt to deny. And she,; her only reason in leaving her rustic lover for the court fool was to be-come " a fine lady." Is not even Phebe, with all her faults and impetuosity, superior to Audrey ? The object of her desire, however unnatural it may seem, was, she believed, genuine love, while that of Audrey was pure ambition. So we would say that Jaques' idea of the stage of life and its many actors is only too true. Not a single one renders the great drama of love perfectly, yet each one is perhaps but play-ing an appointed part, and, despite the many different kinds of it in life, let us hope that the poets are right in saying: "'Tis love that makes the world go 'round." I 198 THE MERCURY. THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DANTE. BY CHARLES FRY. [Contributedfor the Pen and Sword Prize Essay Contest,.] DANTE was born of noble parentage in Florence in 1265. He was given the best education that his day could af-ford. He took an active part in the politics of his city and while he was away at Rome his enemies took possession of the government and passed a sentence exiling him, only permitting him to return, provided he paid a heavy fine within two months. Dante spurned the offer. However, within two months a second sentence was passed which condemned him to be burned at the stake if he should ever be found in Florence. During the re-mainder of his life he became a wanderer. He died in 1321 at Ravenna after completing his immortal poems. Within the last decade renewed interest has centered itself in Dante. Today the American people are applying themselves more assiduously to the power of spiritual conception. Dante, the great poet of spiritual truths, has touched the hearts of the people. In him they find a balm for their troubled souls. He leads his reader upward through various experiences until his faith finds its culmination in God. To realize the deep spiritual power of Dante, every event of his life must be clearly traced. He lived a life of spiritual en-thusiasm. There are three distinct periods of his life. First, his simple faith in God; Second, infidelity and pride rule his soul, and Third, the triumph of his spiritual power in God. In his early youth Beatrice transformed his whole life. She was his vision of an ideal girl. Her life became an inspiration to him. She led his soul upward toward God. He worshipped God in simple child-like faith. Beatrice died at the age of twenty-four. For the first time in his life he received his greatest sorrow. His whole life be-came changed. Thus he entered upon the second epoch in his life. Doubt clouded his soul. God seemed to be a venge-ful monster. Pride ruled his heart. For a time he seemed to lose control of himself. Where were those lofty ideals which MHMHMb THE MERCURY. 199 ■marked his earlier days ? Gone ? Ah, they were not gone forever! At last Dante realized his own peril in the stand he had taken against God. Beatrice appeared to him in a vision and pointed out the way to him. She had guided him through Heaven after Heaven where he learned his world wide message. Even St. Peter and Caceiaguida appeared to him and charged him to deliver his message. He felt that he was a prophet sent from God, and that he had a divine mission to fulfill. He had a message for the world from the most high God. He de-livered his message to the world through his greatest immortal poem—the " Divine Comedy." Thus began the third epoch of his life. The message of the poet-prophet was, that a man's soul •bound to the earth by sinful passions, and realizing its danger, •can only gain spiritual happiness 'and bliss by seeking com-munion and fellowship with the Infinite. The " Inferno," the first great book of the poem, pictures the horrors of sinful lives. In this horrible black place there is •" wailing and gnashing of teeth." Into such a place Dante entered. The " Inferno" is an experience. In writing his poem Dante draws largely upon his own life when he was beset ■with sin and associated with evil. He knew the suffering sin created. Sin has its various powers. Dante strongly believed the greater the sin the farther away the sinner was separated from God. Sin caused the judgment of God to pass upon the evil doer. Dante continually points out that sin creates a foul atmos-phere. When the soul breathes such air it becomes tainted .and destroys the purity in it. Sin causes the fairest rose to become brown and seared. Men who lead lives hostile to God are punished. The philosophers of Dante's day taught that the soul's noblest work was the quiet contemplation of God. The bondage of sin prevented this contemplation. Sin binds its followers to deep suffering. Dante followed Virgil very closely as he journeyed through 200 THE MERCURY. the terrible place fearful of the awful suffering around them. He was happy when they left those unhappy scenes behind. Dante continues in his search for freedom from sin. Guided by Divine Help he comes to Purgatory. In the " Inferno" he painted the hideous nature of sin. The effects of sin upon the soul are clearly described in the " Purgatorio." Here he per-formed the acts of expiation. Throughout the poem when he comes to rugged paths and tortuous ways God gives him help. A deep spiritual problem which confronted Dante was : How could he forget the evil things which he had done ? Although God had forgiven his terrible sins yet they were deeply rooted in his own memory. How rid his memory of them forever?" Many of the world's greatest philosophers have been unable to solve this question. Although there is a change of life yet . alas, how often comes the recollection of a Godless past! Dante solved the question for himself. With true poetic power he drew a beautiful picture. He drank of the waters of the river Lethe, and then the knowledge of his sins was forgotten. There is both a poetic and practical lesson to be drawn from this scene. Dante realized it was through the kindness of God that he forgot about the past. The " Paradise-," the last portion of the grand poem is the culmination of his spiritual joy. Dante considered the " Para-diso" his greatest triumph. With Beatrice he learns the glories of the Most High God. His deep study of religious problems led him to know God is- " Light, Life and Truth." Upon these foundations, Dante built his noble poem. He insisted that a strong point in religious life is to be con-tent with the lot God has given one. The human will must acquiesce to the will of God. Too often discontentment has led to the abuse of God's teachings. Peace and happiness are two fundamental principles in a Christian's life. Dante's spirit truly became content when he was compelled to be a wanderer on the earth.ljj^He learned it from deep experience. At last Dante and Beatrice pass into the resplendent Empy-rean. Here they see God in all his glory. Peace, joy and love THE MERCURY. 20I reign there. He is at first blinded by the dazzling light, but as he is a true worshipper of the most High his eyes are given power to see the Empyrean beauties. Dante discovered in his various experiences that behind all suffering and trouble there is a God of love and justice, and an interceding Saviour. Dante occupies an unique place in the history of the world. He stood at the opening of a new epoch. The debt the world owes him can never be repaid; fie popularized literature ; he raised the standard of literature so high that few have been able to attain it; he helped to settle questions concerning church and state; and his greatest achievement was that by his won-derful intellectual endowments he was able to grasp spiritual ideals. He worked with a spiritual enthusiasm that has never been equaled. He pondered and thought until he understood. Thus the world has received the " Divine Comedy "—an im-perishable monument of honor and glory. York Street, Gettysburg:, Pa. U*)l\(,l Oil \ ;n >;".') ! -:

Egidio Feruglio nació el 1 de septiembre de 1897, en Feletto Umberto, comuna de Tavagnacco, provincia de Udine, Italia. Después de la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial de la que participó como oficial, y a la edad de 22 años, completó sus estudios universitarios en la Universidad de Florencia. En sus primeros tiempos como profesional se desempeñó como geólogo en la Oficina Hidrográfica y en el Departamento Agrario de Udine, y entre 1922 y 1925 ocupó el cargo de auxiliar docente de la Cátedra de Geología de la Universidad de Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio no era un político, pero tenía fuertes convicciones antifascistas. Como consecuencia de la suspensión de las actividades de los partidos políticos y el aniquilamiento de la oposición democrática por parte de Benito Mussolini, decidió emigrar a la República Argentina en 1925, incorporándose como geólogo de la entonces Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales donde inicia sus trabajos profesionales y de investigación en la región patagónica. En 1928 regresa a Italia y contrae matrimonio con la señorita Amelia Magrini. De esta unión nacerán dos hijos Anna Eugenia y Arturo. En 1929 se instala nuevamente en YPF donde ocupa las funciones de Jefe de Comisión y luego Jefe del Grupo Geológico del Golfo San Jorge hasta el 1932, año en que acepta el cargo de profesor en la Universidad de Bologna. No obstante, en 1934, retorna a nuestro país para retomar su actividad profesional en la empresa petrolera estatal. En 1940 acepta la designación de profesor en la Escuela de Agronomía de la Universidad de Cuyo, y en 1943 organiza y dirige el Instituto del Petróleo. Permanece en Mendoza hasta 1948. Terminada la Segunda Guerra Mundial e instaurada la república italiana, regresa definitivamente a su país donde ejerce las funciones de profesor en las universidades de Turín y de Roma. A principios de 1954 vuelve a Udine donde fallece el 14 de julio, a la edad de 56 años. Los trabajos publicados sobre la República Argentina por el Dr. Egidio Feruglio, abarcan desde 1926 hasta 1957 (tres años después de su muerte). Sus estudios comprenden contribuciones geológicas regionales y estratigráficas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y de la geología del Cuaternario, así como geográficas referidas a la orografía y glaciología del territorio argentino. Desde el punto de vista regional, sus más importantes aportes están referidos a la Patagonia continental, tanto extraandina como andina. Su obra más trascendente fue la Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia, elaborada en la década del 40, cuando el autor se desempeñaba como docente e investigador en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. El excepcional trabajo fue publicado por la Dirección General de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales en tres tomos, entre los años 1949 y 1950, y puede considerarse uno de los aportes más trascendentes al conocimiento geológico de nuestro país publicados por un único autor. El texto es de un rigor científico extraordinario, constituye una obra metódica en la que se brindan extensas y detalladas descripciones geológicas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y geográficas, y se efectúan valiosas y bien fundadas interpretaciones. La obra sintetiza toda la información obtenida por el Dr. Feruglio en largas y minuciosas tareas de campaña, pero sin excluir muy completas referencias a los trabajos realizados por investigadores que lo precedieron y que fueron sus contemporáneos. El Dr. Egidio Feruglio fue sin dudas uno de los geólogos más prominentes de nuestro país. Desde muy temprana edad sintió profundo amor por las ciencias de la Tierra. Supo entregarse a la investigación básica geología, paleontología y geomorfología, así como a la actividad profesional, especialmente en el área de la prospección de hidrocarburos. Su obra refleja un notable empeño por su trabajo, minuciosidad y creatividad. Su vida fue un ejemplo de dignidad civil y social. ; Egidio Feruglio was born on 1 September 1897 at the family home of Feletto Umberto, Tavagnacco county, Udine, Italy. From his teenage years, Egidio Feruglio had held a keen interest in geology and geomorphology, becoming involved in the Udine´s Speleological Society. After the end of the World War I, in which he served as an officer of the Italian Army, and at the age of twenty two years old, he earned his geologist degree in the University of Florence. While at Udine, he worked as a geologist in the Hydrographic and Agricultural Departments. Between 1922 and 1925 he served as assistant professor in the University of Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio was not a politician, but he had strong democratic principles. When Benito Mussolini suspended de political activities and removed politically suspect employees (including university professors) from their jobs unless they had demonstrated loyalty to fascism, Feruglio decided to accept a position in the Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (the National Oil Copany) of Argentina. Between 1925 and 1928 he worked as a regional geologist in southern Argentina (Patagonia). In 1928 he returned to Italy and married Amelia Magrini, with whom he would have two children, Ana Eugenia and Arturo. In 1929 he went back to Argentina to lead the Geologic Group of the San Jorge Gulf Basin in Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF). In 1932 he relocated again in Italy as a professor in the University of Bologna, but in 1934 he decided to return to YPF until 1940, when he accepted a professor position in the University of Cuyo (Mendoza), where he organized the Petroleum Institute (1943). After the end of the World War II and the creation of the Italian Republic the Feruglios decided to move back to Italy. Since 1948 Egidio became professor of Geology of the University of Turin, but the death of his young son Arturo profoundly grieved him. He decided then to move to the University of Rome. However, early in 1954 he settled back in his natal place where he died on 14 July at the age of fifty six years old. From 1926 to 1957 (three years after his death) Feruglio published a large number of contributions on regional geology, stratigraphy, paleontology, geomorphology and Quaternary geology of Argentina, as well as several papers on its orography and glaciology. The main focus of his regional research was the south of Argentina and his monumental work entitled Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia resumes years of field work and data collection. This book was published by YPF in three volumes, between 1949 and 1950. It constitutes a detailed synthesis of the geology, paleontology, geomorphology and geography of the southern territories of Argentina. Far from a merely description, Ferugio realized valuable and well supported interpretations that demonstrated that he had a clear view of the problems of geology and the determination to solve them. Egidio Feruglio was one of the most prominent geologists of Argentina. For early on he discovered his love for Earth Sciences. He enjoyed geology as a whole, since he was able to combine basic research with valuable works on hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. ; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Egidio Feruglio nació el 1 de septiembre de 1897, en Feletto Umberto, comuna de Tavagnacco, provincia de Udine, Italia. Después de la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial de la que participó como oficial, y a la edad de 22 años, completó sus estudios universitarios en la Universidad de Florencia. En sus primeros tiempos como profesional se desempeñó como geólogo en la Oficina Hidrográfica y en el Departamento Agrario de Udine, y entre 1922 y 1925 ocupó el cargo de auxiliar docente de la Cátedra de Geología de la Universidad de Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio no era un político, pero tenía fuertes convicciones antifascistas. Como consecuencia de la suspensión de las actividades de los partidos políticos y el aniquilamiento de la oposición democrática por parte de Benito Mussolini, decidió emigrar a la República Argentina en 1925, incorporándose como geólogo de la entonces Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales donde inicia sus trabajos profesionales y de investigación en la región patagónica. En 1928 regresa a Italia y contrae matrimonio con la señorita Amelia Magrini. De esta unión nacerán dos hijos Anna Eugenia y Arturo. En 1929 se instala nuevamente en YPF donde ocupa las funciones de Jefe de Comisión y luego Jefe del Grupo Geológico del Golfo San Jorge hasta el 1932, año en que acepta el cargo de profesor en la Universidad de Bologna. No obstante, en 1934, retorna a nuestro país para retomar su actividad profesional en la empresa petrolera estatal. En 1940 acepta la designación de profesor en la Escuela de Agronomía de la Universidad de Cuyo, y en 1943 organiza y dirige el Instituto del Petróleo. Permanece en Mendoza hasta 1948. Terminada la Segunda Guerra Mundial e instaurada la república italiana, regresa definitivamente a su país donde ejerce las funciones de profesor en las universidades de Turín y de Roma. A principios de 1954 vuelve a Udine donde fallece el 14 de julio, a la edad de 56 años. Los trabajos publicados sobre la República Argentina por el Dr. Egidio Feruglio, abarcan desde 1926 hasta 1957 (tres años después de su muerte). Sus estudios comprenden contribuciones geológicas regionales y estratigráficas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y de la geología del Cuaternario, así como geográficas referidas a la orografía y glaciología del territorio argentino. Desde el punto de vista regional, sus más importantes aportes están referidos a la Patagonia continental, tanto extraandina como andina. Su obra más trascendente fue la Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia, elaborada en la década del 40, cuando el autor se desempeñaba como docente e investigador en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. El excepcional trabajo fue publicado por la Dirección General de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales en tres tomos, entre los años 1949 y 1950, y puede considerarse uno de los aportes más trascendentes al conocimiento geológico de nuestro país publicados por un único autor. El texto es de un rigor científico extraordinario, constituye una obra metódica en la que se brindan extensas y detalladas descripciones geológicas, paleontológicas, geomorfológicas y geográficas, y se efectúan valiosas y bien fundadas interpretaciones. La obra sintetiza toda la información obtenida por el Dr. Feruglio en largas y minuciosas tareas de campaña, pero sin excluir muy completas referencias a los trabajos realizados por investigadores que lo precedieron y que fueron sus contemporáneos. El Dr. Egidio Feruglio fue sin dudas uno de los geólogos más prominentes de nuestro país. Desde muy temprana edad sintió profundo amor por las ciencias de la Tierra. Supo entregarse a la investigación básica geología, paleontología y geomorfología, así como a la actividad profesional, especialmente en el área de la prospección de hidrocarburos. Su obra refleja un notable empeño por su trabajo, minuciosidad y creatividad. Su vida fue un ejemplo de dignidad civil y social. ; Egidio Feruglio was born on 1 September 1897 at the family home of Feletto Umberto, Tavagnacco county, Udine, Italy. From his teenage years, Egidio Feruglio had held a keen interest in geology and geomorphology, becoming involved in the Udine´s Speleological Society. After the end of the World War I, in which he served as an officer of the Italian Army, and at the age of twenty two years old, he earned his geologist degree in the University of Florence. While at Udine, he worked as a geologist in the Hydrographic and Agricultural Departments. Between 1922 and 1925 he served as assistant professor in the University of Cagliari. Egidio Feruglio was not a politician, but he had strong democratic principles. When Benito Mussolini suspended de political activities and removed politically suspect employees (including university professors) from their jobs unless they had demonstrated loyalty to fascism, Feruglio decided to accept a position in the Dirección de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (the National Oil Copany) of Argentina. Between 1925 and 1928 he worked as a regional geologist in southern Argentina (Patagonia). In 1928 he returned to Italy and married Amelia Magrini, with whom he would have two children, Ana Eugenia and Arturo. In 1929 he went back to Argentina to lead the Geologic Group of the San Jorge Gulf Basin in Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF). In 1932 he relocated again in Italy as a professor in the University of Bologna, but in 1934 he decided to return to YPF until 1940, when he accepted a professor position in the University of Cuyo (Mendoza), where he organized the Petroleum Institute (1943). After the end of the World War II and the creation of the Italian Republic the Feruglios decided to move back to Italy. Since 1948 Egidio became professor of Geology of the University of Turin, but the death of his young son Arturo profoundly grieved him. He decided then to move to the University of Rome. However, early in 1954 he settled back in his natal place where he died on 14 July at the age of fifty six years old. From 1926 to 1957 (three years after his death) Feruglio published a large number of contributions on regional geology, stratigraphy, paleontology, geomorphology and Quaternary geology of Argentina, as well as several papers on its orography and glaciology. The main focus of his regional research was the south of Argentina and his monumental work entitled Descripción Geológica de la Patagonia resumes years of field work and data collection. This book was published by YPF in three volumes, between 1949 and 1950. It constitutes a detailed synthesis of the geology, paleontology, geomorphology and geography of the southern territories of Argentina. Far from a merely description, Ferugio realized valuable and well supported interpretations that demonstrated that he had a clear view of the problems of geology and the determination to solve them. Egidio Feruglio was one of the most prominent geologists of Argentina. For early on he discovered his love for Earth Sciences. He enjoyed geology as a whole, since he was able to combine basic research with valuable works on hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. ; Fil: Spalletti, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina

The most notable development this past year in the area of juvenile delinquency and noncriminal misbehavior was the passage by the Virginia General Assembly of legislation modifying the state's response to status offenses committed by children. Ever since the adoption of the revised juvenile code in 1977 there have been efforts at practically every session of the Assembly to modify the provisions which prohibit the commitment of status offenders to secure institutions, but the efforts were not successful. However, the 1987 bill met with little resistance in the legislature. The 1987 legislation, effective July 1, 1988, does two very significant things: first, it redefines the "Child in Need of Services" (CHINS) category and creates a new "Child in Need of Supervision" label and, second, it allows the use of a physically secure detention facility for incarceration of juveniles for up to a maximum of thirty days for violating court orders issued pursuant to an initial adjudication.

Diese Studie kann nur vor Ort in unserem Secure Data Center in Köln bearbeitet werden! (Für ehemalige Mitglieder des KASS Forschungsteams gibt es eine eigene Regelung.)

Familienformen, Verwandtschaftsnetzwerke. Allgemeine Lebensumstände und Muster der gegenseitigen Unterstützung. Einkommen; Innerfamiliäre Transferleistungen. Praktische Unterstützung von staatlichen und offiziel anerkannten Versicherungen.

Themen: Erfassung von genealogischen Verbindungen von allen Verwandten durch Abstammung oder Heirat, darunter nicht mehr lebende Vorfahren und entfernte Verbindungen durch Abstammung oder Heirat. Für jedes Mitglied in diesem Netzwerk wurde erfragt: Geburtsort und derzeitiger Wohnort, wirtschaftliche Lage, Bildungsniveau, allgemeiner Gesundheitszustand, Indikator des Lebensstandards. Ähnliche Informationen über die Befragten selbst, einschließlich der eigenen wirtschaftlichen und gesundheitlichen Umstände, Informationen über die Häufigkeit und Art der sozialen Kontakte mit jedem Mitglied des Netzes der bekannten Verwandten (darunter rituelle Beziehungen wie Patenschaften).

Informationen über Umfang und Geflecht helfender Beziehungen, Hilfe für Dritte oder selbst empfangene Hilfe von Mitgliedern des Netzwerks von Bekannten und Verwandten; konkrete Angabe der Arten von Hilfe, z.B. Hilfe beim Einkaufen, Kinderbetreuung, Hinterlassen eines Vermächtnisses, die Zahlung von Gesundheitskosten oder Bildungskosten. Vergleichbare Informationen wurden erfragt über Nachbarn und Freunde, mit denen der Befragte helfende Beziehungen hat. Bei wesentlichen Unterstützungsleistungen wurde das Muster der Hilfe über das ganze Leben erfasst. Die Rolle der Eltern und von Verwandten und Freunden bei Entscheidungen über die Auswahl der Partner und die Planung der Familiengröße.