Suchergebnisse

Food Estate is a government program with the concept of integrated food production development covering agriculture, plantation and animal husbandry located in a large land area. In simple terms the concept of Food Estate like a food industry villages. In running this program required a large capital, so the government opens opportunities for investment locations for the private sector to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and added value of the products that produced. The presence of a wave of private investment in the food estate program was not able to raise the welfare of the tenant farmers. Agricultural land tenure by investors makes the farmers only as laborers. So, the investors are who get benefits in this food estate program. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to look for other capital alternative. By using library research, in this study, cash waqf can be used as the capital alternative. Through cash waqf, assets of waqf in the form of empty lands can be used to be processed into agricultural land. Cash waqf can also be in the form of productive loans for farmers and agricultural investment. The large potential of cash waqf in Indonesia is expected to replace the role of private investors.

Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It's undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the 'National Food Security Improvement Program' and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda. ; Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It's undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the 'National Food Security Improvement Program' and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda.

Indonesia has a long history in the agricultural management sector. The economic development in Indonesia shows that the development of the agricultural sector has a made great contribution to the change in the Indonesian economy. Agriculture also has an important role in providing employment. providing raw materials for other sectors. as foreign exchange. and as the basis for the food security of the Indonesian population. In the national policy. the government has prioritized the subsidies in the agricultural sector to stimulate it to be more productive. This research has some aims i.e.: to describe the role of the agricultural sector based on the distribution of household income groups in Indonesia; to describe the impact of household income level groups if the subsidies in the agricultural food sector or Indonesia have increased. The research was conducted by using the analysis of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with 2008 database. The food sectors are classified into: sector production of: rice. corn and soybeans. other crops. poultry meat (traditional farms). poultry meat (medium and large farms). eggs. forestry and hunting. fishing and others. The results of the study after the policy injection (simulation) show that the food industry has experienced a significant increase in productivity among the economic sectors. Agricultural entrepreneurs are the group that experienced a high increase in income among farming households. In addition. linkage analysis showed that the commodities of other food industries has experienced forward and backward linkages.

Protecting plant genetic resources is crucial because they are a key element in supporting food security for Indonesia's growing population. An important element in the protection of plant genetic resources is the disclosure of origin of genetic resources. In line with international standards and commitments, Indonesia has enacted a Patents Act that seeks to protect its plant genetic resources by requiring disclosure of origin. However it is one thing to enact legislation and quite a different thing to effectively implement the legislation to achieve its aims. This paper critically analyses the Indonesian Patent Act and highlights some key issues that undermine the effectiveness of the Act. The paper identifies the problems of implementing provisions of the Act at the normative and practical levels. At the normative, the Act lacks clarity with concepts undefined. This is compounded at the practical level by a lack of a regulatory framework and inadequate human resources. The paper suggests that given the importance of disclosure of origin in protecting plant genetic resources for Indonesia's food security, developing further legislative and institutional framework on disclosure of origin is an essential strategic solution for the country.

Implementation Evaluation of food Barn Communities Program in Subak Seronggo, Pangkungkarung Village, Sub District Kerambitan, Tabanan RegencyThe economic crisis in 1998 has affected the national food security in household sphere. Food security is the strength of a nation to maintain the stability of national food and thus, the government established a program focuses on maintaining the stability of national food security using food barn communities program. Each program developed by the government needs someone to evaluate it so there will be indicator of the program success. The purpose of the research is finding out the food barn program evaluation in Subak Seronggo. This research was conducted in Subak Seronggo, Pangkungkarung Village, Sub District Kerambitan, Tabanan Regency. The population of Subak Seronggo is 100 people. The determination of samples uses simple random sampling. Respondent were drawn by 50 people. The result is showed on the growth phase that the government gives the requirement used to run the food barns program. The development phase can be categorized as a good achievement with score (3,71), the autonomy phase can be categorized in medium level of achievements with score (3,33). The result is in good level of achievements with score (3,98). Based on the result, the food mow in the Subak Seronggo is categorized as good, it is because the members manage and utilize the aid using the agreement that formed according to the group deals so that the social discrepancy in the group can be avoided.

Food security become very important as food crisis occurred in 2008. Under the administration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2009 to 2014, the crisis due to increase in population in Indonesia encourages increase in food demand. However, to fulfill Indonesia's food demand it still depends on the availability from international market. This research aims to analyze why countries like Indonesia dependent on international markets for food security aspect despite having the capability to achieve fulfillment on food. To analyze the reasons, the concepts of comparative advantage, dependency, and national capabilities will be use to analyze the factors on why nations depend on international market to achieve its food security. Accompanied by a comparison between Indonesia with Vietnam, Malaysia, and United States to see the similarities and differences to achieved food security in the international market. With qualitative research methods and comparison focus on explanative research also using literature studies in data collection. The results of this study finds that Indonesia dependence are influenced by comparative advantage policy of other countries which in this case are Vietnam and Malaysia, the international market system that encourages dependency, and Indonesia inability to maximizing its national capability compared to United States. Keywords: dependency, comparative advantage, national capabilities, Indonesia, food security.

Problem of Food emerged as a Non-Traditional Secuirty (NTS) issue in the aftermath of the Cold War and was identified as one of the seven pillars of human security by the 1994 UNDP Report 'New Dimensions' in Security. Food security as 'the means for all people at all times to have both physical and economic access to basic food' and that food security is an entitlement. When the shortages food supply in a country, it will be an increasing the conflict civil society, so the stability of the state security being disrupted. The availability of adequate food supplies could become the core of social contact in all the country's political system.The food crisis in Venezuela resulted in civil conflict be increased. Venezuela is the world's oil producing countries but due to falling world oil prices, then became distracted State reception system. The political system came along with the economic crisis makes Venezuela in the worst condition.This economic crisis makes Venezuela experienced a food crisis, so many societies suffered famine and looting food even do violence to gain access the food. Finally, the conflict civil society occur due to the food crisis and the stability of the State security becomes disrupted. In this paper using descriptive analysis method that describes the relationship of food security in Venezuela that can be disrupt the stability of State security. In this paper, using the perspective of Food Securitization.This isbased on a change in the subject of security not only on military issues but the extension of the concept security including the threat of food security within a country. Food can be utilized as a political weapon by states and can be characterized as a form and symbol of political power.

Masalah gizi utama menjadi semakin serius akibat terjadi krisis ekonomi dan politik yang diperparah dengan adanya berbagai bencana (kekeringan, dll) di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, termasuk Kediri. Bencana kekeringan yang terjadi di Jawa Timur, termasuk di Kab. Kediri, telah berdampak pada penurunan produksi dan mempengaruhi ketersediaan pangan ditingkat rumahtangga, terutama pada keluarga miskin (gakin). Disisi lain hasil PSG Jatim (2000) menunjukkan Kabupaten Kediri memiliki prevalensi KEP (bayi dan balita) tertinggi di Jawa Timur (KEP nyata 10,20% dan KEP total 37,09%). Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsumsi, status kelaparan dan status gizi kelompok rawan (balita dan ibu) pada keluarga miskin di daerah rawan pangan Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan disain studi cross sectional . Populasi penelitian adalah keluarga miskin (berdasarkan kriteria kemiskinan yang berlaku setempat) di daerah rawan pangan gizi kecamatan terpilih Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Sampel penelitian adalah keluarga miskin yang mempunyai balita di daerah rawan pangan-gizi di wilayah terpilih di Kabupaten Kediri yaitu Kecamatan Semen dan Gampengrejo. Responden adalah ibu dan ayah balita. Besar sampel penelitian ditetapkan secara Quota Sampling, yaitu sebesar 50 keluarga miskin (gakin). Secara purposif dengan memperhatikan aspek proporsional, maka ditetapkan secara langsung besar sampel di wilayah kecamatan Semen (barat sungai) yaitu 30 keluarga dan di kecamatan Gampengrejo (timur sungai) yaitu 20 keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keluarga di kedua kecamatan sebagian besar (>50,0%) terdiri dari 5-6 orang (tergolong keluarga sedang), orang tua (ayah dan ibu) balita (>70,0%) berpendidikan masih rendah (tamat SD) dengan usia ibu antara 20 � 30 tahun dan ayah 30 - 40 tahun, bermata pencaharian utama sebagai buruh bangunan dan buruh tani dengan pendapatan rendah (masih dibawah garis kemiskinan). Ketersediaan bahan makanan keluarga miskin pada saat paceklik untuk jenis pangan pokok beras atau campuran ( beras- singkong, beras jagung) sebagian besar (>50%) menyatakan relative cukup makan untuk sehari-hari, namun jenis pangan lain (lauk, sayur, buah) dirasakan sebagian besar keluarga (>70%) adalah kurang, bahkan sebagian lain dalam keadaan sangat kurang. Kebiasaan makan keluarga miskin saat tidak paceklik sebagian besar 3 kali sehari dengan variasi antara 2 -3 kali per hari, namun pada saat paceklik bervariasi 1 - 3 kali per hari, bahkan ada sebagian kecil keluarga (6,7%) hanya makan 1 kali/hari. Paceklik menyebabkan perubahan kebiasaan makan (jumlah dan jenis) pada sebagian (> 25 %) keluarga miskin, terutama di Semen. Perubahan jenis yang dikonsumsi berlangsung secara bertahap, terutama jenis makanan pokok yaitu awalnya beras dicampur dengan jagung atau lainnya, kemudian makin lama porsi campuran makin besar. Makanan pokok dan sayuran dikonsumsi rutin tiap hari, namun pangan hewani dan buah masih sangat jarang dikonsumsi pada saat paceklik maupun tidak paceklik. Hidangan menu keluarga miskin di kecamatan Semen sebagian besar (50,0%) cukup sederhana (makanan pokok dan sayur), sedangkan di sebagian besar (42,0%) terdiri dari makanan pokok dan sayuran dan sebagian lainnya (42,0%) terdapat tambahan lauk berupa lauk nabati, (tahu dan tempe). Sumber protein sebagian besar bertumpu pada protein nabati yang berbasis kacang-kacangan dan pangan hewani relatif jarang menjadi bagian menu keluarga di kedua kecamatan sebagian besar (50,0%) masih tergolong defisit berat atau berisiko kelaparan. Keluarga miskin di Semen lebih banyak mengalami defisit berat ( 60%) normal (baik), namun saat paceklik terjadi peningkatan kejadian balita KEP, meskipun masih dalam taraf ringan (KEP ringan). Kejadian KEP balita di Semen banyak terjadi pada kelompok usia 12 - 35 bulan, sedangkan di Gampengrejo pada kelompok usia 24 - 47 bulan. Status gizi ibu bervariasi dari kurus tidak sehat hingga obesitas, namun sebagian besar (>70%) tergolong normal. Ibu balita kurang berisiko mengalami masalah intake yang mengarah kelaparan dibandingkan balita. Kejadian KEP (ringan dan sedang) pada balita di kedua kecamatan terjadi pada keluarga dengan rerata tingkat konsumsi kurang dari 70% AKG maupun 81-120 % AKG. Namun demikian KEP lebih banyak terjadi pada keluarga yang memiliki rerata tingkat konsumsi kurang 70 % AKG Energi. Keadaan konsumsi keluarga dalam taraf kelaparan maupun tidak kelaparan, status gizi balita dan ibu balita di kedua kecamatan sebagian besar masih tergolong baik (normal), meskipun sebagian di Kec. Semen (36,7%) dan Kec. Gampengrejo (45,0%) balita mengalami KEP dengan berbagai tingkat (ringan dan sedang) dan ibu tergolong kurus (15,4 % di Kec. Semen dan 20,0% di Kec. Gampengrejo). Ibu balita (isteri) perlu diberdayakan dengan pembekalan ketrampilan pengolahan aneka ragam makanan agar dapat menyediakan menu keluarga beragam dan seimbang. Selain itu masalah gizi pada keluarga miskin di daerah rawan pangan tidak mungkin hanya diselesaikan dari sisi kesehatan saja, apabila aneka kemiskinan tidak dikurangi dan keadilan semakin merata. Masalah gizi harus diupayakan menjadi isu politis guna memperkuat komitmen.

Many Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) engaged in the fried business could be around us. Almost all food and restaurant businesses need cooking oil for the cooking process. According to research results, cooking oil is only good for three times usage. The use of more than that can trigger cancer because of the chemical bond that has been damaged. In fact, for the sake of getting more profits the food SMEs are less concerned about aspects of health in the process of food pan. So that used cooking oil, still used until the color changed to black. On the other hand, waste of used frying oil is still not utilized optimally and often thrown away or distributed to poor citizens to be reused for frying. The background of this devotion program is motivated by the utilization of waste of used cooking oil in society that is still not optimal and as an effort to reduce the adverse impact of cooking oil usage more than three times usage by SMEs engaged in the food business. This devotion to society is carried out in three stages, the first of which will be the danger of using cooking oil more than three times. Then, training and guiding the utilization of used cooking oil as fuel for kitchen stoves, and followed by giving cooking oil stoves to SMEs concerned. With this dedication is expected to be a solution to the utilization of waste of used cooking oil by not endangering the health of others. Hopefully the standard of living and public health will be betterand this effort can increase the added value of SMEs from the utilization of used cooking oil as fuel cooking stove.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine halal certification for halal culinary, destination brand and emotional experiences on customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative survey approach to 400 respondents consisting of Muslim foreign and domestic tourists who had visited Lombok in the past three years. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this study is structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS). Findings The findings showed that halal certification has no effect on customer satisfaction but on influenced behavioral intention, destination brand of Lombok had no effect on customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction influenced behavioral intention and emotional experiences affected customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Research limitations/implications This study collects data from respondents both domestic and foreign tourists simultaneously. However, the data acquisition of respondents and foreign tourists is not balanced. Thus, this study analyzes tourists in general, not distinguished between foreign and domestic tourists. Practical implications The government and tourism organizers in Lombok need to provide socialization for domestic and foreign tourists on the need to choose halal-certified food and drinks to ensure halal and hygiene. In addition, so that the destination image of Lombok can provide a beautiful experience that becomes a moment of the truth, then the local government should improve its service strategy holistically. Social implications Destination image needs to be improved. This requires holistic tourism quality services so that the social community knows that Indonesia has a halal tourism destination that exists as tourists come from the airport to the hotel and enjoy food in restaurants and tourist attractions that are Muslim friendly. Originality/value This paper contributes to filling the void in the literature related to tourism management that is linked to tourism in the aftermath of natural disasters, where empirical studies on halal tourism are on the rise. Therefore, respondents in the study were specific, that is, those who had traveled. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first of a kind that includes behavioral intention in tourist destinations after natural disasters in the Indonesian context.

This study discusses food crop agriculture in 29 districts in East Java, where many people are engaged in this field. This research defines two stages of equality. In this study using two model approaches, namely the first Model Analysis conducted using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the second model Partial least square (PLS). Research results Increasing agricultural productivity or efficiency is important to do with a variety of strategies both intensification and agricultural intensification.Improving the quality of rural community resources is very to be done. Good quality resources will increase the absorption of high technology and will increase the productivity of farmers and workers in other sectors in rural areas, the Government's budget for development must continue to be increased both in nominal terms and the accuracy of its allocation so that it is absorbed into rural communities effectively and efficiently so that it can improve the welfare of rural communities and controlling the price of basic necessities in the region is also important to do. Bank Indonesia and in collaboration with local governments to form a Regional Inflation Control Team (TPID) must work better in maintaining stable inflation because the rural poor are relatively vulnerable to price increases

Income inequality in Indonesia remains a controversial issue in the context of Indonesian macroeconomic condition that is evolving in output and government spending, and its increase in consumption accompanied by inflation and slowing of bank credit. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among macroeconomics, monetary and income inequality through a broad theoretical model by adopting a panel Structural Vector Auto-regression (SVAR) model to get more sample size during the period 2005-2018 at 33 provinces in Indonesia. The main results indicate that the variables of output and inflation have positive relationships. The relationship between output and income inequality is also significantly correlated, and those results supported by Kuznets's theory reveal that the relationship between economic growth and income inequality is positive in the short term. The relationship between inflation and income inequality is positive as well in Indonesia. This result is by the fact that low-income families are considered more vulnerable to inflation. The impact of non-food consumption shocks increases income inequality, while Indonesian government spending and bank credit shocks reduce income inequality. Then the response of savings and bank credit to the shock of income inequality is positive.

Since the enactment of decentralization local government have been granted the authority to organize, protect society etc. Given the authority that Central Kalimantan provincial government issued a policy (Pergub No. 15 tahun 2010 on guidelines for land clearing and yard for the people) to protect the local community in the tradition / habit of farming by burning forests to customary provisions. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the extent to which public policy relevance since the issuance of the policy in 2010-2015 and to what extent these policies protect the local wisdom. the method used is descriptive qualitative study, using the study of literature in the process of data collection. Results and discussion of these studies show that 1) in 2015 created a policy that is no longer relevant because the whole area of Central Kalimantan is 15.3 million hectares, 12.7 hectares (78%) is controlled by plantation companies. 2) goodwill by the Government of Central Kalimantan to protect local communities need to be given appreciation. But this policy could apply / relevant if it is done before the 90s because many forests and local people still farming to meet food needs.

This study examines the micro enterprises of industrial sectors that receive Kredit Usaha Rakyat (People's Business Credit/KUR) or Commercial Credit (KK) in seven cities in East Java. First-ly, this study aims to measure the technical efficiency of micro enterprises in the industrial sector in East Java that accept KUR and KK using the Data Envelopment Analysis method; secondly, to ex-amine the factors that influence the technical efficiency of micro enterprises, which receive KUR and KK with Tobit Regression. Unlike others' researches, this paper attempts to determine the influ-ence of technical efficiency and other factors on the poverty status of micro entrepreneurs using logistic regression. The average technical efficiencies of KUR and KK recipient micro businesses using the as-sumptions of the DEA VRS model are 0.94 and 0.77. While the average technical efficiencies of KUR and KK recipient micro businesses using the assumptions of the DEA CRS model are 0.88 and 0.71. The factors that influence the technical efficiency of micro enterprises recipients of KUR and KK are profit, experience, geographical location, amount of credit, KUR access, the credit realization peri-od, and dummy variable of food and beverage products. The factors that influence the poverty status of micro-entrepreneurs are technical efficiency, income, KUR access, gender, number of household member, and geographical location. The results of this research can be a material consideration for the government in formulating policies.

The frying pan thermal-kimia was a process that produces characteristic of food with the brown colour of golden. One of the parameters of the decline in quality cooking oil is the number of peroxide. During the frying pan, cooking oil will suffer at high temperatures warning 160-1800C in long time. The main damage is the emergence of a rancid scent while damage other covering elevated levels of free fatty acid, the peroxide, thickness the emergence of oil, the establishment of foam and the dirt on seasoning of material that fried. Based on cooking oil used in a penyetan stall is generally of cooking oil used repeatedly. The use of oil can improve the former repeatedly peroxide in the cooking oil. Research objectives is to know the image of the peroxide on a former oil in a penyetan stall areas Mancasan Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive research. Laboratory test to research is iodometry method. A penyetan stall to research this a total of eight-penyetan stall located in the Mancasan Yogyakarta. Research conducted on eight a penyetan stall areas Mancasan in Yogyakarta obtained the number of the peroxide of 1,10 meq/kg until 5,74 meq/kg. From the result of research conducted on a penyetan stall there are 62.5% penyetan stall peroksida number exceeding the limit of standards and 37,5% still within the limits of cooking oil according to quality standard SNI 7709:2012.Keywords: cooking oil former, number of peroxide