Suchergebnisse

Protection of public health from zoonoses directly or indirectly transmitted by animals to humans is of utmost importance. Yersinia enterocolitica is widely spread in the environment and animal populations, which poses a threat for people to get infected with yersiniosis. Objective. To assess epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Vilnius County. Tasks of the study. To assess relevance of yersiniosis in a group of intestinal tract infections transmissible through food and water in Lithuania and the European Union; to identify epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in Lithuania and Vilnius County in a period of 2005-2015. Material and methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. The data of Division for Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases of Vilnius Public Health Centre, the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the European Food Safety Authority, and the Statistics Department of Lithuania have been used. A model of brokenstick regression (segmented regression), Fisher's exact test, the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were applied for the analysis. Results. A long-term dynamics of yersiniosis morbidity rate in Vilnius city and Lithuania exhibits significant changes in the general trend: in 2005-2009 the morbidity rate was increasing, and in 2009-2015 the morbidity rate of yersiniosis was decreasing. The decreasing trend was characteristic of Vilnius County in the period of 2005-2015. The morbidity structure in terms of gender differs: men were at a higher risk to contract yersiniosis than women (Vilnius County had RR=1.50, 95 % C.I. 1.27; 1.81; Lithuania had RR=1.99, 95 % C.I. 1.13; 1.28). The main risk group for yersiniosis consists of children of 0-3 years of age. During the analysed period, hospitalised yersiniosis cases constituted 57.3 perc. in Vilnius County, and 69.2 perc. in Lithuania. Conclusions. The observed epidemiologic patterns of yersiniosis in the analysed period may be associated with intake of certain risky foods, ensuring of safety of their placing on the market, and certain changes in the epidemiologic supervision system. Despite the decreasing trend in its morbidity rates, yersiniosis remains a critical problem of public health, especially among children.

The manager of the work. Assist. Prof. Dr. Ruta Budreckiene The objective. To find out whether the plastic kitchenware, that are designed to children and, sold in the markets of Lithuania, are of high quality and meet the requirements for these products. The tasks. To analyze whether the plastic kitchenware for children is properly labelled, or all relevant information is provided to the user; find out the attentiveness of the buyers choosing and using thyse plastic kitchenware; organoleptically evaluate the food samples in this plastic kitchenware: determine whether the water, which stayed in the plastic kitchenware the different time period, changes taste and smell by itself. The most important results. Carrying out the public anonymous questionnaire survey (2015 – 2016 years) was addressed to the respondents, who buy and use the plastic kitchenware for their children. In the survey participated 287 persons, 47 of them – men, 238 – women. The biggest part of the respondents (59.2 %) was 21 – 30 years old. Most of them buy the plastic kitchenware in the large shops of food products (35 %), as well as in the specialized stores of children's products (26 %). The majority of respondents (54 %) before buying the plastic kitchenware pays attention to the labelling information. 63 % of the buyers follow the manufacturer's instructions, but the frustration of one or other qualitative indicators occur. The most commonly observed: the plastic kitchenware discoloration (34 %), the altered food/beverage odour (22 %), the taste (17 %) and the mould inside the plastic kitchenware (17 %). During the experiment, in the supermarkets were bought four bottles and flasks of the different random manufacturers. Evaluating the sensory of taste and smell of water after one, three, and six hours – the smell was not affected. However, the taste, in respect of all the respondents, the most distinguished was in the flask of \"Nuby\" (p <0.05). During the research, there were analyzed twenty-one informational signs/stamps and the labels in Lithuanian language of the plastic kitchenware, that are designed to the children, according to the Lithuanian legislation. The most frequently observed inaccuracies: the incomplete/unclear instructions for the first and safe use of the plastic product. There were determined the cases, where thiese recommendations are completely missing or are just inside the plastic kitchenware.

The manager of the work. Assist. Prof. Dr. Ruta Budreckiene The objective. To find out whether the plastic kitchenware, that are designed to children and, sold in the markets of Lithuania, are of high quality and meet the requirements for these products. The tasks. To analyze whether the plastic kitchenware for children is properly labelled, or all relevant information is provided to the user; find out the attentiveness of the buyers choosing and using thyse plastic kitchenware; organoleptically evaluate the food samples in this plastic kitchenware: determine whether the water, which stayed in the plastic kitchenware the different time period, changes taste and smell by itself. The most important results. Carrying out the public anonymous questionnaire survey (2015 – 2016 years) was addressed to the respondents, who buy and use the plastic kitchenware for their children. In the survey participated 287 persons, 47 of them – men, 238 – women. The biggest part of the respondents (59.2 %) was 21 – 30 years old. Most of them buy the plastic kitchenware in the large shops of food products (35 %), as well as in the specialized stores of children's products (26 %). The majority of respondents (54 %) before buying the plastic kitchenware pays attention to the labelling information. 63 % of the buyers follow the manufacturer's instructions, but the frustration of one or other qualitative indicators occur. The most commonly observed: the plastic kitchenware discoloration (34 %), the altered food/beverage odour (22 %), the taste (17 %) and the mould inside the plastic kitchenware (17 %). During the experiment, in the supermarkets were bought four bottles and flasks of the different random manufacturers. Evaluating the sensory of taste and smell of water after one, three, and six hours – the smell was not affected. However, the taste, in respect of all the respondents, the most distinguished was in the flask of \"Nuby\" (p <0.05). During the research, there were analyzed twenty-one informational signs/stamps and the labels in Lithuanian language of the plastic kitchenware, that are designed to the children, according to the Lithuanian legislation. The most frequently observed inaccuracies: the incomplete/unclear instructions for the first and safe use of the plastic product. There were determined the cases, where thiese recommendations are completely missing or are just inside the plastic kitchenware.

Each country faces both export and import risks in its trade. The analysis of this research seeks to answer the question about what kind of risks are posed by imports. The purpose of the document is to analyze the purpose of the import and most common risks posed by imports and to assess the trends in imports of Lithuanian agricultural and food products. A distinction between the main risks posed by imports is made. The importance of imports for foreign trade is discussed. The study is based on an analysis of the scientific literature and analysis of statistical data for an assessment of Lithuania's import trends. Empirical research covers the period of 2015-2019. Data from Statistics Lithuania and Customs Department are used. Analysis of total imports of agricultural and food products, distinguishing imports from EU and other countries was made. Also, trends of re-export and import to produce was made. The export of agricultural and food products of Lithuania has been positively affected by import. The directions for future investigations are completed

Lithuania became European and World market share, arose the problem to evaluate not only internal but also external factors, when forecasting agricultural production, consumption and foreign trade. This can be done using econometric models, which allow consider the European Union (EU) and World balance sheets components forecasts and project developments of the Lithuanian agriculture. Objective of the study - to prepare forecast for the agricultural and food sector up to the year 2020. Tasks of the study: 1. To analyze the models used for the agricultural and food sector projections and select the most suitable in respect to the conditions of the country; 2. To identify indicators that affect the Lithuanian agriculture and food sector development; 3. To analyze and project the EU and national support influence for the developments of different agricultural and food sector branches; 4. To propose and assess forecasts of the main crop and livestock production balance sheets. Statistical data analysis, experts' interview and econometric sectoral modeline are used in the research study. The analysis is performed for main agricultural sectors using economic and manufacturing indicators for 2000‐2008. The first section consists of review of agricultural and food sectors forecasting models and research study methodology preparation. Lithuanian and EU macroeconomic assumptions, which have influence on agricultural and food sector development, are proposed in the second chapter. The third chapter consists of analysis and evaluation of current EU and national support influence on agricultural and food sector development. There are prognoses of crop (grains, rapes, sugar beet, potatoes) and animal (meat milk) sectors balance sheets up to the year 2020 in the fourth and fifth chapters.

Lithuania became European and World market share, arose the problem to evaluate not only internal but also external factors, when forecasting agricultural production, consumption and foreign trade. This can be done using econometric models, which allow consider the European Union (EU) and World balance sheets components forecasts and project developments of the Lithuanian agriculture. Objective of the study - to prepare forecast for the agricultural and food sector up to the year 2020. Tasks of the study: 1. To analyze the models used for the agricultural and food sector projections and select the most suitable in respect to the conditions of the country; 2. To identify indicators that affect the Lithuanian agriculture and food sector development; 3. To analyze and project the EU and national support influence for the developments of different agricultural and food sector branches; 4. To propose and assess forecasts of the main crop and livestock production balance sheets. Statistical data analysis, experts' interview and econometric sectoral modeline are used in the research study. The analysis is performed for main agricultural sectors using economic and manufacturing indicators for 2000‐2008. The first section consists of review of agricultural and food sectors forecasting models and research study methodology preparation. Lithuanian and EU macroeconomic assumptions, which have influence on agricultural and food sector development, are proposed in the second chapter. The third chapter consists of analysis and evaluation of current EU and national support influence on agricultural and food sector development. There are prognoses of crop (grains, rapes, sugar beet, potatoes) and animal (meat milk) sectors balance sheets up to the year 2020 in the fourth and fifth chapters.

Lithuania became European and World market share, arose the problem to evaluate not only internal but also external factors, when forecasting agricultural production, consumption and foreign trade. This can be done using econometric models, which allow consider the European Union (EU) and World balance sheets components forecasts and project developments of the Lithuanian agriculture. Objective of the study - to prepare forecast for the agricultural and food sector up to the year 2020. Tasks of the study: 1. To analyze the models used for the agricultural and food sector projections and select the most suitable in respect to the conditions of the country; 2. To identify indicators that affect the Lithuanian agriculture and food sector development; 3. To analyze and project the EU and national support influence for the developments of different agricultural and food sector branches; 4. To propose and assess forecasts of the main crop and livestock production balance sheets. Statistical data analysis, experts' interview and econometric sectoral modeline are used in the research study. The analysis is performed for main agricultural sectors using economic and manufacturing indicators for 2000‐2008. The first section consists of review of agricultural and food sectors forecasting models and research study methodology preparation. Lithuanian and EU macroeconomic assumptions, which have influence on agricultural and food sector development, are proposed in the second chapter. The third chapter consists of analysis and evaluation of current EU and national support influence on agricultural and food sector development. There are prognoses of crop (grains, rapes, sugar beet, potatoes) and animal (meat milk) sectors balance sheets up to the year 2020 in the fourth and fifth chapters.

Lithuania became European and World market share, arose the problem to evaluate not only internal but also external factors, when forecasting agricultural production, consumption and foreign trade. This can be done using econometric models, which allow consider the European Union (EU) and World balance sheets components forecasts and project developments of the Lithuanian agriculture. Objective of the study - to prepare forecast for the agricultural and food sector up to the year 2020. Tasks of the study: 1. To analyze the models used for the agricultural and food sector projections and select the most suitable in respect to the conditions of the country; 2. To identify indicators that affect the Lithuanian agriculture and food sector development; 3. To analyze and project the EU and national support influence for the developments of different agricultural and food sector branches; 4. To propose and assess forecasts of the main crop and livestock production balance sheets. Statistical data analysis, experts' interview and econometric sectoral modeline are used in the research study. The analysis is performed for main agricultural sectors using economic and manufacturing indicators for 2000‐2008. The first section consists of review of agricultural and food sectors forecasting models and research study methodology preparation. Lithuanian and EU macroeconomic assumptions, which have influence on agricultural and food sector development, are proposed in the second chapter. The third chapter consists of analysis and evaluation of current EU and national support influence on agricultural and food sector development. There are prognoses of crop (grains, rapes, sugar beet, potatoes) and animal (meat milk) sectors balance sheets up to the year 2020 in the fourth and fifth chapters.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Foreign body and food bolius impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common clinical situation in emergency departments throughout the world. The majority of foreign bodies will pass through the gastrointestinal tract and naturally go out with the stool, but in about 1/5 of cases the foreign bodies must be removed. The impaction of a foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract is the second leading cause of urgent endoscopy after bleeding. The aim of this retrospective descriptive study is to review a quarter-century (25 years) experience of removal foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract by flexible endoscopic approach in Republican Vilnius University Hospital (RVUL). We conclude that the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies by a qualified specialist is an effective and safe method with a great success rate of the procedure using an endoscope with accessories: loop, basket and forceps, which significantly reduces the length of hospitalization and requirement of surgery.

Aim and objectives: The aim is to find the main difference in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US. In order to find the main difference in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US, following questions will be addressed: 1. Where do the legislations and policies on GMOs mainly differ? 2. What is the outcome of the EU and US regulatory regimes? 3. What is the public opinion on GMOs? Methodology: The author is conducting a comparative research with the aim to find the main differences in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US. Public governmental documents, scientific publications and legal reports will be analyzed and compared. Results: The EU has strict legislations regulating GMOs while the US lack a legislation specific to GMOs. All genetically modified (GM) food products in the EU must go through a process of authorization before introduced to the EU market, while in the US GM food products can get a premarket approval which exempts them from the process of authorization. All GM food products must be labeled in the EU, exemption to the rule is if the product does not exceed the threshold of 0.9 %. In the US there are no labeling requirements unless the product is materially different from conventional food products. The outcome of the EU and US regulatory regimes are that approval of new GM products and cultivation of GMOs are much higher than in the EU. The general public in the EU are more aware of GMOs than in the US. The majority of the people asked in the EU and the US supports labeling of GM foods. Conclusion: GMOs are less regulated in the US due to lack of specific legislation to it. Premarket approval makes it easier to get GM foods approved in the US. The US nonmandatory labeling rule makes it harder for consumers to make an informed choice, which strongly favors the manufacturer. People in EU are more aware of GMOs. EU and the US assess the potential risks and benefits of GMO use differently although same scientific data are evaluated. The GM business in the US is more lucrative than in the EU.

Aim and objectives: The aim is to find the main difference in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US. In order to find the main difference in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US, following questions will be addressed: 1. Where do the legislations and policies on GMOs mainly differ? 2. What is the outcome of the EU and US regulatory regimes? 3. What is the public opinion on GMOs? Methodology: The author is conducting a comparative research with the aim to find the main differences in the legislation and opinion on GMOs in the EU and the US. Public governmental documents, scientific publications and legal reports will be analyzed and compared. Results: The EU has strict legislations regulating GMOs while the US lack a legislation specific to GMOs. All genetically modified (GM) food products in the EU must go through a process of authorization before introduced to the EU market, while in the US GM food products can get a premarket approval which exempts them from the process of authorization. All GM food products must be labeled in the EU, exemption to the rule is if the product does not exceed the threshold of 0.9 %. In the US there are no labeling requirements unless the product is materially different from conventional food products. The outcome of the EU and US regulatory regimes are that approval of new GM products and cultivation of GMOs are much higher than in the EU. The general public in the EU are more aware of GMOs than in the US. The majority of the people asked in the EU and the US supports labeling of GM foods. Conclusion: GMOs are less regulated in the US due to lack of specific legislation to it. Premarket approval makes it easier to get GM foods approved in the US. The US nonmandatory labeling rule makes it harder for consumers to make an informed choice, which strongly favors the manufacturer. People in EU are more aware of GMOs. EU and the US assess the potential risks and benefits of GMO use differently although same scientific data are evaluated. The GM business in the US is more lucrative than in the EU.

In order to protect certain sectors, Russia has introduced some new protectionist measures for EU agricultural products such as meat and dairy products. Russia is a member of WTO for four years, but is still not respecting its WTO commitments concerning the liberalisation of trade regime. The research was conducted in order to measure the level of competitiveness of Lithuanian dairy products in trade with Russia and in alternative markets. Measuring the competitiveness, International competitiveness index in the specific (local) region (LIIC) was used. The research has found an increase in the competitiveness of export of dairy products in EU-28 countries and countries outside the EU markets. The results differed by level of competitiveness among two groups of countries. In the period of analysis, LIIC index was higher in the first group than in the second group of EU countries.

In order to protect certain sectors, Russia has introduced some new protectionist measures for EU agricultural products such as meat and dairy products. Russia is a member of WTO for four years, but is still not respecting its WTO commitments concerning the liberalisation of trade regime. The research was conducted in order to measure the level of competitiveness of Lithuanian dairy products in trade with Russia and in alternative markets. Measuring the competitiveness, International competitiveness index in the specific (local) region (LIIC) was used. The research has found an increase in the competitiveness of export of dairy products in EU-28 countries and countries outside the EU markets. The results differed by level of competitiveness among two groups of countries. In the period of analysis, LIIC index was higher in the first group than in the second group of EU countries.