Suchergebnisse

V magistrskem delu smo analizirali prisotnost akrilamida v živilih na slovenskem trgu med leti 2010 do 2012. Podatke o vzorčenih izdelkih nam je posredoval ZZV-MB. Cilji raziskave so bili ugotoviti, v katerih živilih je največ akrilamida, ali količina akrilamida v živilih upada in če izmerjene vrednosti presegajo okvirne, ki jih predlaga Priporočilo Komisije Evropskih skupnosti o raziskavi ravni akrilamida v živilih z dne 10.1.2011. Statistično analizo podatkov smo izvedli s programoma EXCEL in SPSS 21.0. Živila so bila razporejena v 10 glavnih skupin, skladno s prilogo Priporočila Komisije Evropskih skupnosti 2010/307/EU. Med 172 analiziranimi vzorci živil so bile najvišje srednje vrednosti v skupinah 2 (krompirjev čips), 293 µg/kg, 7 (kava in kavni nadomestki), 251 µg/kg, in 1 (pomfrit, ki se prodaja pripravljen za zaužitje), 177 µg/kg. Trend zniževanja vsebnosti akrilamida v živilih je opaziti le v skupini 2 (krompirjev čips). Okvirnih vrednosti ni preseglo nobeno živilo. Srednje in najvišje vrednosti akrilamida v živilih iz Slovenije v letih 2010 do 2012 so nižje v vseh skupinah živil v primerjavi z vrednostmi iz Evropske unije v letu 2010 in Velike Britanije v letu 2012. ; In our Master's thesis we have analysed the presence of acrylamide in the foodstuffs on the Slovenian market between the years 2010 and 2012. We got the data on the sampled food from the Institute of Public Health, Maribor. The objective of our research was to determine which foodstuffs contain the highest levels of acrylamide, if the levels of acrylamide in the foodstuffs is decreasing and if the measured levels of acrylamide exceed indicative values, recommended by the recommendation of the Commission of the European Communities on the survey of acrylamide levels in food, dated 10.1.2011. We did a statistical analysis of the data with programs EXCEL and SPSS 21.0. The foodstuffs were divided into 10 main groups in accordance with the annex of the European Commission recommendation 2010/307/EU. Amongst 172 analysed samples of foodstuffs, the highest mean values were in groups 2 (potato crisps), 293 µg/kg, 7 (coffee and coffee substitutes), 251 µg/kg and 1 (French fries, sold as ready to eat), 177 µg/kg. The downward trend of acrylamide levels in foodstuffs is visible only in group 2 (potato crisps). The indicative values were not exceeded in any foodstuff. The middle and the highest levels of acrylamide in the foodstuffs in Slovenia between the years 2010 and 2012 were lower in comparison to European Union's in 2010 and Great Britain's in 2012, in all groups.

Leta 2005 se je v Evropski uniji govorilo o biogospodarstvu kot dolgoročni viziji, ki bo omogočila dvig konkurenčnosti, boljše izkoriščanje virov in zmanjšanje ogljičnega odtisa. Biogospodarstvo bo ena izmed ključnih usmeritev evropskih držav v bližnji in daljni prihodnosti. Smernice razvoja je začrtala tudi Evropska komisija, temu pa sledijo podporni inštrumenti, ki omogočajo vpeljavo akcijskih načrtov in strategij. Nekatere evropske države, med njimi vodilna Nemčija in Nizozemska, imajo tovrstni sistem že močno zakoreninjen v gospodarskih reformah, vse od krožnega gospodarstva, uporabe biomase, principa kaskade dodajanja vrednosti in vpeljave biorafinerij za nove produkte. Priložnosti so tako na vseh področjih, od kmetijstva, lesne in lesnopredelovalne industrije do ribištva in bioosnovane industrije. Namen raziskovalne naloge je bil preveriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na razvoj biogospodarstva v Sloveniji. Raziskavo sem izvedel s poglobljenimi polstrukturiranimi intervjuji z več predstavniki iz industrije in raziskovalnih ustanov ter s kreatorji politik (državnih ustanov) in grozdov. Izkazalo se je, da v slovenskem prostoru nimamo strategije, namenjene prehodu v biogospodarstvo, in tako prihaja zgolj do kratkotrajnih primerov dobrih praks na tem področju. Zaradi nizkih industrijskih vlaganj, nerazvitega trga in nizke stopnje ozaveščenosti, tovrstnih produktov tudi še ni na tržišču kljub mnogim raziskavam, ki potekajo na tem področju. Potencial grozdenja pa ostaja neizkoriščen. ; Bioeconomy in the European Union was considered a long-term vision leading to increased competitiveness, better use of resources and reduction of carbon footprint already since 2005. Bioeconomy remains one of the key strategies by European countries in the immediate as well as more distant future. The European Commission developed the guidelines, which were followed by instruments enabling the implementation of action plans and strategies. In some European countries, among them Germany and the Netherland as the leading ones, such systems are already deeply rooted in their economic reforms. This includes circular economy, use of biomass, principle of added value cascade and biorefineries. There are opportunities in the field of the processing industry, different fields of biomass production and processing such as agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, food and wood processing, as well as general biobased industry. The aim of this research was to assess the bioeconomy opportunities and factors influencing bioeconomy. Our study was conducted by in-depth semi-structured interviews with several shareholders from industry, research institutions, policy makers and clusters in Slovenia. Surprisingly, we have observed, that in Slovenia, there is practically no strategy focusing on the transition towards bioeconomy, but only few short-term examples of good practice in this field. Although a number of research projects have been conducted in this sector, and considering very low availability of investments in this field, an underdeveloped market and low awareness-level, there are only few biobased products avaiable on the Slovene market. The potential of clustering has thus become been underexploited.

Sub-Saharan Africa is a very diverse region with extensive natural wealth, great human potential, and a rich history. However, the majority of its countries are among the poorest in the world and about half of its 800 million inhabitants live in extreme poverty. Sub-Saharan Africa produces only 1.5% of the world's GDP and its share in world trade has fallen from 6% in 1980 to 2% today. The region's exports remain dominated by primary goods (fuels, ores, and agricultural products). The roots of the region's economic weakness lie variously in the past colonial relationships with European countries and in unjust global trade patterns as well as in misuse of power by ruling political elites in the post-independence era. Numerous civil wars and other conflicts have fragmented the sub-Saharan countries into many factions and parties fighting for domination. The region is lagging behind developed countries because of corruption, lack of infrastructure, weakness of its institutions, heavy indebtedness, lack of education and health services, and unfavorable natural conditions, among other factors. Subsistence agriculture is the source of livelihood for most Africans. Nevertheless, average yields per hectare are low and heavily dependent on climatic conditions. Compared to urban areas (except for slums), people living in rural areas have worse infrastructure and are further from achieving the UN's Millennium Development Goals. The recent increase in food prices is threatening the limited progress in reducing hunger and malnutrition (28% of children under age five are underweight and particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases). Little progress has been made in reducing child and maternal mortality; mortality rates remain the highest in the world. In the previous decade, life expectancy in sub-Saharan countries has fallen due to the spread of HIV/AIDS and it still remains below fifty. In addition, many negative socioeconomic effects are the result of malaria, which kills approximately one million people every year, 91% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to promote gender equality and empower women, education is of vital importance. Compared to other (especially developed) regions, school enrollment rates are considerably lower and dropout rates considerably higher, particularly for girls. The majority of countries in subSaharan Africa will not be able to achieve their educational goals by 2015. Despite the fact that the region is not exceeding the carrying capacities of its environment (as measured by its ecological footprint), environmental problems in some areas are severe. Deforestation, desertification, coral bleaching, negative effects of climate changes (sea level rise, reduced freshwater availability, extreme weather events, etc.), loss of biodiversity, and soil degradation are the most worrying. Population growth is exacerbating these environmental problems and is making it more difficult to achieve a higher standard of living for all. Owing to the complexity of developmental problems, sub-Saharan Africa will have to use its own resources very wisely and make the most of development aid from developed countries.