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Background: The global obesity pandemic and rates of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have increased worldwide, especially in the Latin American and Caribbean region. In an attempt to control this obesity epidemic, the Chilean government has established a comprehensive set of regulatory actions, including beverage taxation, warning labels on foods, and marketing restrictions to children. To improve the effectiveness of actions to prevent obesity, a better understanding of the food environment is needed. Objective: We developed and standardized photographic methods to assess and monitor packaged food and beverage products in supermarkets. Methods: A standardized protocol and food categorization system was used to guide photo collection and data management of photos taken between February and April 2015 in 11 supermarkets, consisting of 5 different supermarket chains, from high-(n = 6) and lower-middle (n = 5)-income neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile. Photos (n =similar to 50,000) from nearly 10,000 unique food products from high-and lower-middle-income neighborhoods were used for this study. Results: We developed standardized methods to use photographs to assess and monitor the food environment. A food categorization scheme is essential to guiding the data collection process. Substantial time and human resources are required to assess packaged food and beverage products in supermarkets. Because the number of photos per food product is variable, the organization of the photographs according to the food categorization system, before data entry, is imperative for easy access during data entry and analysis. We identified the information necessary for a photographic registry, which, with the food categorization system, is critical to create unique identifiers that are linked to each food product and its photos. Conclusions: To adequately monitor food environments, standardized methods for food photo collection and management are essential. The information collected on food package photos to monitor food environments is important for guiding and evaluating actions in the context of the ongoing obesity and NCD epidemics. ; National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT)-National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) 3150183 International Development Research Centre 107731-002

: Product reformulation- the process of altering a food or beverage product's recipe or composition to improve the product's health profile - is a prominent response to the obesity and noncommunicable disease epidemics in the U.S. To date, reformulation in the U.S. has been largely voluntary and initiated by actors within the food and beverage industry. Similar voluntary efforts by the tobacco and alcohol industry have been considered to be a mechanism of corporate political strategy to shape public health policies and decisions to suit commercial needs. We propose a taxonomy of food and beverage industry corporate political strategies that builds on the existing literature. We then analyzed the industry's responses to a 2014 U.S. government consultation on product reformulation, run as part of the process to define the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We qualitatively coded the industry's responses for predominant narratives and framings around reformulation using a purposely-designed coding framework, and compared the results to the taxonomy. The food and beverage industry in the United States used a highly similar narrative around voluntary product reformulation in their consultation responses: that reformulation is "part of the solution" to obesity and NCDs, even though their products or industry are not large contributors to the problem, and that progress has been made despite reformulation posing significant technical challenges. This narrative and the frames used in the submissions illustrate the four categories of the taxonomy: participation in the policy process, influencing the framing of the nutrition policy debate, creating partnerships, and influencing the interpretation of evidence. These strategic uses of reformulation align with previous research on food and beverage corporate political strategy.

Product reformulation- the process of altering a food or beverage product's recipe or composition to improve the product's health profile - is a prominent response to the obesity and noncommunicable disease epidemics in the U.S. To date, reformulation in the U.S. has been largely voluntary and initiated by actors within the food and beverage industry. Similar voluntary efforts by the tobacco and alcohol industry have been considered to be a mechanism of corporate political strategy to shape public health policies and decisions to suit commercial needs. We propose a taxonomy of food and beverage industry corporate political strategies that builds on the existing literature. We then analyzed the industry's responses to a 2014 U.S. government consultation on product reformulation, run as part of the process to define the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We qualitatively coded the industry's responses for predominant narratives and framings around reformulation using a purposely-designed coding framework, and compared the results to the taxonomy. The food and beverage industry in the United States used a highly similar narrative around voluntary product reformulation in their consultation responses: that reformulation is "part of the solution" to obesity and NCDs, even though their products or industry are not large contributors to the problem, and that progress has been made despite reformulation posing significant technical challenges. This narrative and the frames used in the submissions illustrate the four categories of the taxonomy: participation in the policy process, influencing the framing of the nutrition policy debate, creating partnerships, and influencing the interpretation of evidence. These strategic uses of reformulation align with previous research on food and beverage corporate political strategy.

Celebrity endorsement used to promote energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) food and beverage products may contribute to poor dietary habits. This study examined celebrity endorsement of branded food and beverage products and marketing campaigns in the United States (US) from 1990 to 2017. Celebrity endorsement data were collected from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Interactive data visualizations were created for the endorsement relationships between celebrities, companies and products whose nutritional profiles were compared with the US Department of Agriculture&rsquo ; s (USDA&rsquo ; s) Smart Snacks Standards. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between celebrities&rsquo ; demographic profiles and the nutritional profiles of products. Results showed 542 celebrities were associated with 732 endorsements representing 120 brands of 59 companies across 10 food and beverage categories. Two thirds (67.2% ; n = 80) of the brands represented EDNP products that did not align with the USDA&rsquo ; s Smart Snacks Standards. Logistic regression analysis indicated that Millennial (p = 0.008) and male celebrities (p = 0.041) were more likely to endorse EDNP products than Generation Z teen and female celebrities, respectively. No statistical significance was observed for celebrities of other demographic profiles. This study may inform future policies and actions of the US government, industry, researchers and consumer advocacy organizations to use celebrity endorsement to promote healthy food environments for Americans.

In meeting the need for healthy food and drinks that have been verified as halal, the government has established BPOM (Food and Drug Supervisory Agency) and LPPOM MUI (Institute for the Assessment of Food, Drugs, Cosmetics, Indonesian Ulama Council) so that food products circulating are continuously monitored and halal maintained. Food and beverage products must be verified and rigorously tested by the two institutions, so that these food and beverage products can be labeled as halal and healthy. However, some foods and drinks that have not been verified as halal and healthy are still circulating among the public. To make it easier for the public and sellers of food and beverage products, they need a system that can see directly the food products that they are going to buy have been verified as halal and healthy. This research designs a system which can be used as input for practical and easy solutions in verifying halal products using NFC (Near-field communication). NFC is one of the smartphone features that has been widely applied lately. The use of this features can directly attach a smartphone at a distance about 0-2 cm to the product to be purchased and has been integrated with an NFC tag and only takes approximately 1-2 seconds to find out the product information from a smartphone that connected to the internet through the BPOM and LPPOM MUI websites.

AbstractFood and beverage product reformulation is a public health nutrition policy of recent prominence; it is a so-called ?win-win? policy, as unlike other nutrition policies, it has the potential to also benefit the food and beverage industry. However, reformulation has also been criticized as being driven by industry interests. In order to inform future policy debates about reformulation, we sought to investigate how and why reformulation became a public health initiative by conducting a framing analysis on 278 US newspaper articles from 1980 to 2015. Frames are aspects of text emphasizing a particular definition of a problem or solution, and they help shape policy discourses and the public policy agenda. Three primary frames of reformulation were identified: business, health, and political. Having multiple frames enables reformulation to assume different meanings in different contexts, which helps to explain how it has garnered broad support from multiple sectors. The political frame of reformulation, however, only grew in importance after 2001, to describe reformulations occurring in response to public health policy initiatives aimed at obesity and noncommunicable diseases. The increasing use of a political frame, and the events described in the articles, suggests that voluntary reformulation followed a growing threat of policy change and litigation facing the industry, a finding that provides important context to debates about voluntary reformulation initiatives. Future reformulation initiatives will need to reconcile and negotiate the varying frames and aims of reformulation in order to ensure they are a success from the public health perspective.

AbstractFood and beverage product reformulation is a public health nutrition policy of recent prominence; it is a so-called ?win-win? policy, as unlike other nutrition policies, it has the potential to also benefit the food and beverage industry. However, reformulation has also been criticized as being driven by industry interests. In order to inform future policy debates about reformulation, we sought to investigate how and why reformulation became a public health initiative by conducting a framing analysis on 278 US newspaper articles from 1980 to 2015. Frames are aspects of text emphasizing a particular definition of a problem or solution, and they help shape policy discourses and the public policy agenda. Three primary frames of reformulation were identified: business, health, and political. Having multiple frames enables reformulation to assume different meanings in different contexts, which helps to explain how it has garnered broad support from multiple sectors. The political frame of reformulation, however, only grew in importance after 2001, to describe reformulations occurring in response to public health policy initiatives aimed at obesity and noncommunicable diseases. The increasing use of a political frame, and the events described in the articles, suggests that voluntary reformulation followed a growing threat of policy change and litigation facing the industry, a finding that provides important context to debates about voluntary reformulation initiatives. Future reformulation initiatives will need to reconcile and negotiate the varying frames and aims of reformulation in order to ensure they are a success from the public health perspective.

In May 2010, 192 Member States endorsed Resolution WHA63.14 to restrict the marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverage products high in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, free sugars and/or salt to children and adolescents globally. We examined the actions taken between 2010 and early 2016 – by civil society groups, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional offices, other United Nations (UN) organizations, philanthropic institutions and transnational industries – to help decrease the prevalence of obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases among young people. By providing relevant technical and policy guidance and tools to Member States, WHO and other UN organizations have helped protect young people from the marketing of branded food and beverage products that are high in fat, sugar and/or salt. The progress achieved by the other actors we investigated appears variable and generally less robust. We suggest that the progress being made towards the full implementation of Resolution WHA63.14 would be accelerated by further restrictions on the marketing of unhealthy food and beverage products and by investing in the promotion of nutrient-dense products. This should help young people meet government-recommended dietary targets. Any effective strategies and actions should align with the goal of WHO to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 25% by 2025 and the aim of the UN to ensure healthy lives for all by 2030.

Celebrity endorsement used to promote energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) food and beverage products may contribute to poor dietary habits. This study examined celebrity endorsement of branded food and beverage products and marketing campaigns in the United States (US) from 1990 to 2017. Celebrity endorsement data were collected from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Interactive data visualizations were created for the endorsement relationships between celebrities, companies and products whose nutritional profiles were compared with the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Smart Snacks Standards. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between celebrities' demographic profiles and the nutritional profiles of products. Results showed 542 celebrities were associated with 732 endorsements representing 120 brands of 59 companies across 10 food and beverage categories. Two thirds (67.2%; n = 80) of the brands represented EDNP products that did not align with the USDA's Smart Snacks Standards. Logistic regression analysis indicated that Millennial (p = 0.008) and male celebrities (p = 0.041) were more likely to endorse EDNP products than Generation Z teen and female celebrities, respectively. No statistical significance was observed for celebrities of other demographic profiles. This study may inform future policies and actions of the US government, industry, researchers and consumer advocacy organizations to use celebrity endorsement to promote healthy food environments for Americans.

The city of Tangerang with the motto akhlakul karimah and the majority of the population is Muslim, which is 1,587,270 or 88.25%, so it pays great attention to the halalness of the products in circulation. The government requires that every product that enters, circulates, and is traded in the territory of Indonesia must be halal certified, including products of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). There are 11,746 MSMEs in Tangerang City and the leading sectors that can be developed are the service sector and manufacturing industry. This study aims to determine the effect of economic factors, religiosity, socio-culture, regulation, and branding on the decision of MSMEs to carry out halal certification. This study uses primary data with a data collection method in the form of a questionnaire. The population in this study is UMKM which has been halal certified with the facilitation of the Tangerang City Government in 2019. The population is 100 MSMEs and 80 MSMEs are sampled. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis is processed using SPSS version 22. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that the most dominant variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the decision of MSMEs to carry out halal certification is branding. This proves that the halal label can be used as a good image for MSMEs to consumers. The variables that partially have a positive and significant effect on the decision of MSMEs to carry out halal certification, then, are religiosity and regulation. Meanwhile, the socio-culture and economy partially do not affect the decision of MSMEs to carry out halal certification. Simultaneously, the results obtained are that economy, religiosity, socio-culture, regulation, and branding affect the decision of MSMEs to carry out halal certification.