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In an interview, Marc Saad pushes back against a Diwan article that was critical of the party's political behavior.

Милитаризация общества, рост насилия предопределили обращение к гуманистическому философскому творчеству Э. В. Ильенкова. В статье с позиций системного подхода делается попытка комплексного анализа проблемы гуманизма. Методология авторского подхода связана с выделением исторических этапов его формирования. В результате анализа философского наследия Э. В. Ильенкова были выявлены следующие основные идеи: недопустимости технократического развития цивилизации и антигуманистических тенденций трансгуманизма; бессмертия мыслящего духа во Вселенной, космической миссии человека. ; The militarization of society, the increase in violence predetermined reference to the humanistic philosophical creativity E. V. Ilyenkov. In this paper, the system approach is an attempt to analyze the complex problems of humanism. Development of humanism, so goes the idea of improving the human environment and the formation of the worthy conditions of life, then – to the іdea of full spiritual development of the individual and finds its completion in the idea of planetary space mission in the universe.

The problem of quality of the workforce for the innovation economy is an
extremely relevant and depends on the accepted ideology of quality management
training. It is proposed to use the hermeneutic approach to quality management
training, which removes the barriers between fields of knowledge and required level
of quality-oriented person, and all components of the object management combines
effective process.

Social security system is a main content and one of the most important symbols for the construction of Chinese modern society, it is a stabilizer for the society development and the key to guarantee the life quality of social members in our country. But with the increasingly prominent problem in the construction and reform of the social security system, it is urgently needed for the innovation of participants to satisfy the current demands for social security system construction, as a new role, social force's participation is an inevitable trend. Through the interpretation of the concept of social force and social security system, and the relationship between social forces, government and the market, this article points out that the construction of social security system need the participate of social force, and then puts forward six suggestions on how to promote the social security system construction rely on social forces.

The article includes a generalized description of the approaches and methods in
state regulation of the processes of attracting foreign labor force, that implemented
by developed countries. The author identifies a number of objective factors causing
the necessity for active government intervention in migration process, examines tasks
and system of functional elements in the process of migration management in
developed countries. The article also reflects special features of Russian national
experience of state regulation of external labor migration in the 1990s and 2000s.

While previous Israeli governments have tried to depopulate Gaza, today there is a growing momentum to carry out mass transfer-with American support.

The paper analyzes political decisions in the field of personnel and educational policy as a response of four German administrations, with Angela Merkel as the Federal Chancellor, to challenges of digitalization. Since challenges in the development of labor market induced by demographic and migration factors are similar for Russia and Germany, German experience may be useful for Russia as a large federal state with significant risks of rising social inequality. Challenges in the development of the labor market induced by demographic and migration factors are common for Russia and Germany. The author addresses the key challenge for the German government — the organization of humane working conditions in a new digital reality presented in the White Paper "Work 4.0" after careful examination and consultation with main actors: associations, trade unions, companies, academia and civil society. He sees the solution to the problem in improving qualifications and developing digital skills, as well as ensuring attractive working conditions, in the first place for specialists in engineering, technical and natural science specialties (STEM). The analysis concludes with recommendations for policymakers which include such measures as improving gender equality in STEM professions and selective migration policy that mitigates unnecessary barriers for highly qualified immigrants.

The article analyzes the current state of competition in the European automotive industry using the method of assessing competitive forces developed by M. Porter. In the process, the main indicators of the largest automobile concerns were analyzed, the capabilities of automobile companies from developing countries in the European market were assessed, the dynamics of the development of car sharing services were examined, the features of the interaction of companies with suppliers of automotive components and consumers of final products were shown. The article presents three basic options for a strategy that automobile multinationals can resort to in order to counter existing competitive forces.
Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the competition that European automotive TNCs make up each other, as well as their dependence on buyers and suppliers, play a major role in the formation of competitive strategies. Despite the fact that the emergence of substitute services was also reflected in the new companies' strategies, they became a catalyst for development rather than a threat. In the near future, the Chinese companies will not be able to win a significant share in such a competitive market as the European one, so the appearance of new competitors can be estimated as insignificant.

In article the attempt of introduction to the domestic anti-corruption legislation of a concept of force majeure is analyzed. Results of a comparative and legal research of restrictions and bans testify to an imbalance of structural and system components in the organization of counteraction to abuses in public service. Criticizing «a commercial paradigm» of corruption, the author comes to a conclusion about the contradictory nature of legal support of personnel work on corruption prevention

Political situation in Egypt has been attracting international attention since 2011, when the wave of protests of so-called Arab Spring swept through the region of Middle East and North Africa. Inspired by democratic slogans of political pluralism, freedom of speech, press and religion, Egyptian revolution led to the political success of the Islamist groups, such as An-Nour and Muslim Brotherhood, that came to power in 2012. The representative of Muslim Brotherhood Mohammed Morsi held his position of the head of the state for a critically short term: had been elected in the end of June 2012, he was overthrown in the beginning of July 2013 by military coup supported by all the political forces of Egypt as well as Egyptian people, who gathered again in the Tahrir Square. Eventually, the people who had voted for Morsi a year before turned against him as well as political forces that used to support Muslim Brotherhood. He didn't manage to prove his consistency as the president of the country. A number of factors led to this result. Economic situation in Egypt didn't improve, democratically elected president launched totally undemocratic initiatives, etc. All these factors may be considered as obviously objective reasons for loosing the power. But Egyptian political environment has specific features that should be taken into account while investigating the reasons and factors of Morsi overthrow in 2013. Had being shaped through previous 30 years of Hosni Mubarak power and firmly rooted in Egyptian society, they couldn't be changed simultaneously after the revolution. Two key players have been occupied leading positions in Egyptian politics during all this period: business elites and army. Both of them had financial and social base and influenced public opinion in the country. Political situation turned to be even more complicated with the vast number of new parties arouse after the revolt. All these players had an important part in Egyptian politics and should have been taken into account by the president. Moreover, his ability to form relationship with them and gain their loyalty was an important condition for maintaining power. Instead, M. Morsi started confrontation with the leading political forces of Egypt. Apparently, this wrong tactics resulted in his overthrow from the presidency in 2013.

Marxist theory is of great value not only thanks to its scientific content, but also because it has provided a basis for the ideology of socialism, whose influence is comparable to that of world religions. This article is devoted to the posing of questions and to the development of theory corresponding to the current situation in the world economy and to the contradictions in the spiritual and ideological fields. As the most important motive forces of history, the article sees the contradictory geopolitical and inter-cultural relations between civilisations, the formation of new spiritual and ideological constructs, and also the enhancing of the role of the state and of large organisations.

Раздел "Международные экономические отношения" ; В рамках статьи рассматривается мобильность трудовых ресурсов в Европейском союзе. Особое внимание уделено анализу потоков трудовых мигрантов после расширения ЕС в 2004 и 2007 гг. На основании проведенного исследования автор показывает, что свободу передвижения работников в расширенном ЕС можно рассматривать как способ улучшения распределения человеческого капитала. Анализ переходных мер по доступу на рынки труда стран ЕС-15 показал их значительное влияние на состав и направление миграционных потоков потов из ЕС-8 занимают низкоквалифицированные рабочие места, требующие элементарной профессиональной подготовки, и очень мало представлены в категории высококвалифированных рабочих мест. Среди рабочих ЕС-2 доля представленных в низкоквалифицированной группе возрастает до 40 %. Стоит отметить тот факт, что в государствах, где существуют жесткие ограничения на рынке труда для граждан присоединившихся стран (Германия), структура занятых иммигрантов более соответствует их уровню квалификации [7, р. 54]. Свободу передвижения работников в расширенном ЕС можно рассматривать как способ улучшения распределения человеческого капитала. Мобильность трудовых ресурсов позволяет новым странам — членам ЕС справиться с избыточным предложением труда в своих странах и освобождает от налогового бремени, связанного с решением данных проблем. Однако потеря молодой и квалифицированной рабочей силы вызывает беспокойство в связи с неблагоприятной демографической тенденцией в большинстве новых стран ЕС и обеспечением финансовой устойчивости государственных финансов. Денежные переводы мигрантов способны частично компенсировать потерю человеческого капитала на ранних стадиях после расширения. В то же время сами мигранты и члены их семей по-видимому получают выгоды материального и морального характера. Переходные меры по доступу на национальные рынки стран ЕС-15 оказали влияние на состав и направление миграционных потоков после расширения ЕС. Пока еще нет всесторонней оценки их последствий, но уже можно говорить о том, что страны, которые позже либерализовали доступ на рынок труда, потеряли квалифицированных и молодых мигрантов, которые выбрали странами назначения Великобританию или Ирландию. Хотя последствия свободного перемещения рабочей силы в ЕС еще не полностью изучены и оценены, на основе имеющейся литературы можно констатировать, что мобильность трудовых ресурсов способна улучшить эффективность их распределения на европейских рынках труда, создать инновационный потенциал развития и повысить их производительность. Последствия мобильности трудовых ресурсов в рамках ЕС еще недостаточно изучены, но уже можно утверждать, что свобода перемещения рабочей силы улучшает эффективность распределения ресурсов на европейских рынках труда, создает инновационный потенциал развития и повышает их производительность. = The article considers the labour force mobility in the European Union, focusing on the analysis of the labour migrants' fl ows after the European Union enlargement in 2004 and 2007. On the basis of his research the author reveals that the freedom of movement of labour force in the enlarged European Union may be considered as a means of improvement of human capital distribution. The analysis of transition measures to access labour markets for the EU-15 refl ected their signifi cant impact on constitution and direction of migration fl ows after the EU enlargement. The consequences of labour force mobility in the framework of the European Union have not been suffi ciently researched, but it is possible to affi rm that the freedom of the labour force movement improves the effi ciency of resources distribution on the European labour markets, creates innovative potential for development and increases its productivity.

Introduction. The article is devoted to Persians who served in the Early Byzantine armed forces. Even during the Principate period, alae and cohortes which were originally recruited from Parthians were part of the Roman imperial army. Units from Persian defectors and prisoners were also created from the 4th to the 6th century. Methods. Using tools of the positivist methodology makes it possible to provide a critical analysis of information from the sources. At the same time, the prosopographical method allows to study mechanisms of integration of immigrants from neighboring realms into the Early Byzantine society using examples of individual fates. Analysis. According to "Notitia Dignitatum", a significant part of military units of Persian origin served in eastern provinces of the empire. It is also known that cavalry vexillationes which consisted of immigrants from Iran were included in mobile armies. Some numeri with Persian prisoners were transferred to Italy in the 6th century. These units consisted mainly of heavily armed horsemen who were famous for eastern neighbors of Rome and Byzantium. In the framework of the presented article, the author refers to individual personalities who held commanding posts in the imperial armed forces. It is important to note that among them there were representatives of the Sasanian family. Ormizdas, the son of Hormizd II, Kavad, the grandson of Kavad I, and Khosrow II sought to find salvation from Iranian strifes at the court of the emperors. These individuals were considered as completely loyal to Byzantium candidates for the Shahanshah's throne. However, only Khosrow II managed to return victorious to Iran in 591 with the support of the eastern Roman emperor Maurice. Results. The author concludes that military service was the main channel of integration into the society of the empire for Persian immigrants as well as other foreigners in the Late Antique period. © 2020 Volgograd State University. All rights reserved.

There is no conceptual analysis of the Russia's pivot to East while a lot of discussion about nature and consequences of this geopolitical maneuver among both Russian and foreign analysts. The article based on the analysis of Russian official program documents explores the key aspects of the Russia`s reorientation to Asia policy. Authors view the policy in the context of three global processes: 1) participation of Russia in global competition towards reconfiguration of global order; 2) Russian strategy for reintegration of post-Soviet space and its interaction with alternatives projects for post-Soviet integration; 3) diversification of political and economic ties of Russia with its West/East partners. According to the authors' conclusions, the 'pivot to East' process is unfolding in several dimensions simultaneously. Current geopolitical reconfiguration is the result of long-term processes which closely related with main geopolitical and internal priorities of Moscow, and this gives the reasons for vision of the pivot to East as sustainable rising tendency, which will independent from current and short-run processes in the international affairs. The factors, which directly led Russia to this policy, were rapprochement with China, building of cooperation and integration infrastructure with Asia-Pacific and post-Soviet Central Asia countries, diversification of energy resources trade with the purposes of avoid dependency from monopsonic European market. ; Статья посвящена анализу предпосылок появления феномена российского «поворота на Восток». Несмотря на определённый скептицизм по отношению к этому понятию среди наблюдателей, как за рубежом, так и в самой России, авторы показывают, что пеореориентация России на тесное взаимодействие с государствами Азиатско-тихоокеанского региона и развитие восточных регионов страны действительно происходит. При этом отмечается, что «поворот на Восток» должным образом не концептуализирован и зачастую анализируется сквозь призму отдельно взятых сюжетов (например, воспринимается исключительно как ответ на западные санкции в посткрымский период). Авторы предлагают рассмотреть «поворот на Восток» в более широком историческом контексте, как следствие синергии трёх процессов: 1) участия России в глобальном соперничестве за реконфигурацию мирового порядка; 2) реализации Москвой проекта по реинтеграции постсоветского пространства и конкуренции с альтернативными направлениями постсоветской интеграции; 3) диверсификации политико-экономических связей. В результате анализа корпуса программных документов, относящихся к сфере внешней политики Москвы, делается вывод, что «поворот на Восток», который можно рассматривать как сознательный акт девестернизации, происходит на основе, созданной в 1990-2000-е годы. Непосредственными предпосылками (авторы называют их «движущими силами») к «повороту на Восток», который целесообразно отсчитывать от начала 2010-х годов, стали: сближение с Китаем, формирование инфраструктуры сотрудничества со странами АТР и постсоветской Центральной Азией, стремление России диверсифицировать рынок поставок энергоресурсов, выйдя из монопсонической зависимости от европейского покупателя.