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Global shadow war : conceptual analysis
In: Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 1746-7586, 2015, 8:3, s. 251-262
In: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5650
In: doi:10.1080/17467586.2015.1104419
The US strategic shift from nation-building to what has been labelled "light footprint" has carried with it a number of changes in the practices used when waging war on terrorism. These activities include covert and clandestine action by special operations and paramilitary forces, and others, operating under a shadowy mandate. It is essential to analyse these changes, due to the nature of the actions taken and the global reach and consequences of US foreign policies. The concept of "global shadow war" has been used by scholars and journalists alike to describe the practices associated with the light footprint framework, although the concept is ambiguous, lacks clear conceptual boundaries and is yet to be defined. This article attempts to resolve the problem of ambiguity through a systematic analysis of how and when the concept is used, in the process establishing its conceptual boundaries and definitional qualities. Using a method for concept analysis developed by Giovanni Sartori, the article provides a conceptual definition which is more clearly delineated, encompasses the characteristics found in the sources studied, and can be used when theorizing about the many practices taking place within the light footprint framework.
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To Act as a Union: Explaining the Development of the EU's Collective Foreign Policy
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 107, Heft 4, S. 423-432
ISSN: 0039-0747
The Political Use of Force. Beyond National Security Considerations As a Source of American Foreign Policy
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 112, Heft 3, S. 301-305
ISSN: 0039-0747
Aktiv utrikespolitik: En jämförelse mellan svensk och dansk parlamentarisk utrikesdebatt, 1962-1978 : ([Mit engl. Zsfassung:] Active foreign policy.)
In: Lund political studies 37
How foreign is foreign trade: a problem in international business research
In: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis
In: Studia oeconomiae negotiorum 11
In Search of Security after the Collapse of the Soviet Union: Foreign Policy Change in Denmark, Finland and Sweden 1988-1993
In: Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, Band 110, Heft 4, S. 442-444
ISSN: 0039-0747
THE TEACHING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES: PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVEMENT
In: Chakiñan: revista de ciencias sociales y humanidades, Heft 8, S. 133-147
ISSN: 2550-6722
In one way or another, teachers who are dedicated to teaching foreign languages in general, and English in particular, are aware of the challenges they face when carrying out their work. This article analyzes some of the main reasons why the teaching of foreign languages should be revised. Focusing on the specific case of Spain, some possible solutions will be presented in order to address deficiencies previously detected. In this sense, it is considered that the proposals analyzed can serve as a reference to address the situation with certain guarantees of success in terms of contributing strategies and positive solutions. It is important to emphasize that the present analysis has been carried out after detecting a series of problems. The result aims to be one of the engines that allows a profound debate. This debate should lead, inexorably, to a change in methodology, training, design, conception, and, ultimately, in the teaching of foreign languages in Spain.
Discount rate and harvest policy
The free market economy, to which East European countries are increasingly being exposed, implies that classical budgeting techniques in the form of the Faustmann approach present themselves as the tools of choice for forest investment analysis. One implication is that the choice of a proper discount rate (r) must be made as part of the basis for formulating a harvest policy. The paper discusses this choice in the light of practice as well as theory, and, using Lithuania as a case, examines the potential economic and political impact of softening the current restrictions on forest management. A review of the debate on discounting in forestry is provided. A statistical analysis of the relation between reported rs and internal rates of return (IRR) from numerous studies on forestry investments reveals a strong correlation between r and IRR. Possible explanations are provided. Analysis reveals that application of any positive r will significantly change forestry practice in Lithuania. Setting r = 3 per cent, slow growing species are to be replaced by fast growing species, and rotation periods should be substantially shortened. The standing volume of (over-) mature forests is about 160 million m3, as compared with the currently harvestable volume of about 40 million m3 according to the minimum allowable rotation age. The macroeconomic perspectives of cashing some of the mature forest for the small transition economy are discussed, taking into account the effects of externalities of forests. Consequently we suggest an alternative formulation of the normal forest. Finally, based on these considerations, a real r of 0-2 per cent is suggested for State forestry in Lithuania. A post-tax r of 2 per cent is advocated for private forestry, with potential project specific deviations downward to 0 or upward to 4 per cent. It is stressed that discount rate is viewed as one of important decision parameters and due regard should be given to non-timber forest outputs, social and institutional settings and other factors.
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